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Biomedical subjects

N Javadpour

Publications and source records attributed to N Javadpour.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Value of CT and lymphography: distinguishing retroperitoneal metastases from nonseminomatous testicular tumors.

Sixty-three consecutive patients with nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma were prospectively examined for paraaortic metastases before undergoing a staging laparotomy with lymphadenectomies or biopsies. Fifty patients had computed tomographic examinations and paraaortic metastases were correctly predicted in 25 of the 38 patients (sensitivity 66%) with paraaortic tumor. In the 56 patients having the study, lymphography was more accurate as 34 of the 44 patients with metastases (sensitivity 77%) were identified. Using inferior vena cavography in 55 patients, only 24 of 41 patients with metastatic tumor (sensitivity 59%) were diagnoses. All three methods had specificities of 100% in those patients who were free of paraaortic metastases. Overall accuracies were 74% for computed tomography, 82% for lymphography, and 69% for inferior vena cava cavography. Although lymphography was the most accurate method for nonbulky tumor, computed tomography was most useful for defining the extent of bulk disease. Inferior vena cavography did not contribute any new information and was responsible for one false-positive result which was explained by computed tomography. A combination of lymphography followed by computed tomography provided the most accurate assessment of paraaortic metastases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

ABO(H) cell surface antigens in parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia.

Forty-three cases of primary hyperparathyroidism were studied with the specific red cell adherence test (SRCA) to determine the presence or absence of ABO(H) cell surface antigens on abnormal parathyroid tissue. Of the 27 patients with the clinicopathologic diagnosis (CPD) of adenoma, 24 (89%) had lost the ABO(H) cell surface antigen of the abnormal gland. Among the 15 patients with the CPD of hyperplasia, the parathyroid tissue from three (20%) had lost its red cell antigen. In one patient, a metastasis from a parathyroid carcinoma had lost the ABO surface antigen. Several patients in whom conflicting SRCA and CPD were obtained had factors that raised doubts as to the validity of their CPD. The SRCA is a simple test that may aid in the difficult differentiation between parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1980

Clinical radioimmunodetection of cancer with radioactive antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin.

Injection of iodine-131-labeled goat immunoglobulin G antibody to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into patients with hCG-secreting trophoblastic and germinal tumors permitted tumor detection and location by external gamma-ray scintigraphy. Excision of one of the metastatic tumors located by this method indicated a tumor/nontumor ration of 39.29. The method appears to offer a new clinical tool for precisely locating hCG-producing tumors in the body, even when tumor identification by other clinical methods has failed.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1980

Significance of elevated serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) in seminoma.

Serial serum determinations and cellular localization of AFP utilizing radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques have improved the diagnosis and therapy of testicular seminoma. Elevated level of serum AFP in patients with "pure seminoma" suggests the presence of nonseminomatous elements or liver metastases. It appears that modest elevated serum alphafetoprotein may be encountered in liver metastases when active liver regeneration is present. These distinctions are pertinent and may play an important role in selecting therapeutic modalities. Two patients are reported to illustrate the interpretation of elevated AFP in patients with testicular seminoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in fresh and formalin-fixed testicular tumor tissue. Comparison of sensitivity of immunoperoxidase to radioimmunoassay.

Immunmocytochemical techniques for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), such as immunoperoxidase or immunofluorescence, allow detection but not quantification of this hormone. A modification of standard radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques allows utilization of tissue slurries and yields quantitative data on tissue HCG levels. Tissue slurry RIAs and indirect immunoperoxidase were performed on fresh and formalin-fixed tissue specimens from 15 patients with nonseminomatous testicular tumors. HCG detectability by RIA or immunoperoxidase was markedly decreased by formalin fixation. Tissue specimens with high levels of HCG in the fresh state yielded positive immunoperoxidase and RIA results, while specimens with minimally elevated HCG levels tended to be negative. Results of tissue slurry RIAs correlated well with immunoperoxidase results. The detection of HCG in fixed tissue appears to underestimate the amount of HCG present in fresh specimens. Therefore, a negative RIA on formalin-fixed tissue slurry or negative immunoperoxidase of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue does not rule out the absence of HCG in fresh tissue.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1980

En bloc resection of inferior vena cava in cytoreductive surgery for bulky retroperitoneal metastatic testicular cancer.

En bloc resection of the inferior vena cava (IVC) has been demonstrated to be of benefit in removing bulky retroperitoneal testicular tumor metastases. The major indications for its use have been to increase the amount of tumor resected, to allow access to large amounts of tumor located posterior to the aorta which would otherwise be inaccesible, to diminish the possibility of massive pulmonary embolism from clot or tumor located in the IVC, and to decrease the risk of major hemorrhage from injury to the IVC, aorta, or one of their branches. To date the surgical morbidity has been acceptable, and no direct mortality has been associated with it.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pressure effects of urinary reflux studied with renal autotransplantation and pyelocystostomy.

The pressure effects of urinary reflux on renal structure and function were studied using a canine model in which the kidney was autotransplanted to the iliac fossa and the urine drained through a pyelocystostomy. This provided grade III reflux of urine (distention of the renal pelvis and calyces). A control group of nonrefluxing animals with the ureter and ureterovesical valve intact was studied in an identical fashion, and all animals were observed for one year. The reflux of sterile urine was not associated with any impairment of the inulin clearance or transport maximum of para-aminohippuric acid. There were no histologic abnormalities of glomeruli, tubules, or interstitium noted in the animals exposed to sterile reflux, nor were any differences found between the study and control groups. The transmission of bladder pressures into the renal pelvis and calyces during reflux is considered an unimportant factor in explaining the renal damage noted from sterile reflux of short duration in adults. The pyelocystostomy provides a satisfactory means of urinary drainage, and may be used effectively to study the properties of urinary reflex.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Serum beta 2 microglobulin levels in patients with testicular cancer.

To determine whether serum beta 2 microglobulin could be useful as a tumor marker in patients with testicular cancers, sera stored in our serum bank from 23 patients were assayed by radioimmunoassay for beta 2 microglobulin levels. Sera were selected from 12 preorchiectomy patients, 8 patients who had undergone orchiectomy, and 3 patients who had undergone orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Patients with other genitourinary tract disorders and normal age and sex-matched controls were assayed for comparison. The laboratory range for normal serum beta 2 microglobulin values was 1.1 to 2.4 mg/L. Patients without documented testicular tumors had values ranging from 1.4 to 9.7 mg/L. Values for normal controls ranged from 1.7 to 2.4 mg/L. Only 3 patients (12.5 per cent) had elevated serum beta 2 microglobulin values. Serum beta 2 microglobulin seems to have no value as a tumor marker in patients with testicular tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Improved staging for testicular cancer using biologic tumor markers: a prospective study.

The effective use of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy for patients with testicular cancer requires accurate staging for therapy and/or interpretaton of end results. The conventional staging parameters, including the lymphangiogram, inferior venacavogram and excretory urogram, often yield a considerable staging error. With sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays of serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in 118 patients with embryonal carcinoma with or without teratoma undergoing clinical and surgical staging the staging errors have decreased to 9 to 14 per cent in stage I and 5 to 10 per cent in stage II cases. Various clinical observations have been made in this group of patients: 1) persistently elevated serum markers after orchiectomy for testicular cancer invariably indicate stage II or III disease, 2) persistently elevated serum markers after positive lymphadenectomy usually suggest stage III disease and 3) persistently elevated serum markers after lymphadenectomy negative for tumor invariably indicate stage III disease. Therefore, such determinations are important guides to further therapy and must be an essential feature of adjuvant trials.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1980

Immunocytochemical discordance in localization of pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein, alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in testicular cancers.

Immunocytochemical discordance of human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein and pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein was studied in formaldehyde-fixed tissues of 26 patients with germinal testicular cancer. The cellular localization of these 3 markers has been correlated with the serum markers in the 26 patients. Serum alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and specific beta-1 glycoprotein were elevated in 15 of 26 (58 per cent), 17 of 26 (65 per cent) and 7 of 26 (27 per cent) patients, respectively, and in 22 of 26 (85 per cent) when all markers were considered. The cellular alpha-fetoprotein was localized in 5 of 26 (19 per cent), human chorionic gonadotropin in 12 of 26 (46 per cent) and specific beta-1 glycoprotein in 9 of 26 (35 per cent) patients. When all the markers were considered 15 of 26 patients (58 per cent) had either alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin or specific beta-1 glycoprotein localized in the cancer cells.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

The value of whole lung tomography in the early detection of metastatic disease in patients with renal cell carcinoma and testicular tumors.

The value of whole lung tomography was compared to chest x-rays in patients with renal cell carcinoma and germ cell testicular tumors. We studied 83 patients with testicular tumors and 34 with renal cell carcinoma. At least 1 metastatic lesion was present on whole lung tomography in 11 of 64 patients (17 per cent) with testicular tumors and 2 of 21 (10 per cent) with renal cell carcinoma who had negative chest x-rays. Of the patients with a solitary lesion on the chest x-ray 3 of 10 (30 per cent) with testicular tumor and 5 of 11 (45 per cent) with renal cell carcinoma had multiple metastatic lesions on whole lung tomograms. Falsely positive chest x-rays were noted in 6 of 15 patients (40 per cent) with renal cell carcinoma and 6 of 16 (37 per cent) with testis tumor. These falsely positive results were caused by overlapping shadows, vessels or granulomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Radioimmunoassay and immunoperoxidase of pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in sera and tumor cells of patients with certain testicular germ cell tumors.

An immunohistologic study on 13 of 97 patients with germ cell tumors of the testis having elevated serum pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein was undertaken to correlate the presence of this marker in the various cell types of this tumor. Four placentas were obtained from patients in the first trimester of pregnancy and studied for the presence of pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in various cells of this organ using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Specific beta-1 glycoprotein was demonstrated in the syncytiotrophoblastic component of choriocarcinoma. This placental marker also was localized in syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells occasionally associated with embryonal carcinoma, with or without teratoma. All 13 patients were chosen for the presence of an elevated level of pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in the sera. There was tissue localization of pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in 3 of 4 cases of choriocarcinoma (75 per cent), 4 of 4 samples of placenta (100 per cent), 4 of 5 cases of embryonal carcinoma (80 per cent) and 2 of 4 cases of teratocarcinoma (50 per cent).

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Simultaneous measurement of tumor cytosol and peripheral serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin and alphafetoprotein in testicular cancer.

We measured tumor cytosol and peripheral serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alphafetoprotein (AFP) simultaneously in 40 patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Serum AFP levels were normal in 13 of 40 patients and were elevated in 7 of 13 (54%) tumor cytosols from these patients. Serum HCG levels were normal in 16 of 40 patients and were elevated in 13 of 16 (81%) tumor cytosols from these patients. Correlation of simultaneous serum and tumor cytosol levels of HCG and AFP indicates that tumor cytosols are more likely to have elevated levels of HCG and/or AFP than are sera in patients with testicular tumors.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗