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Biomedical subjects

N Javadpour

Publications and source records attributed to N Javadpour.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A randomized trial of cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in bulky stage testicular cancer with poor prognostic features.

Thirty-nine patients with Stage III nonseminomatous testicular cancer were treated in a prospective randomized trial comparing cytoreductive surgery followed by a cis-platinum containing combination chemotherapy regimen versus chemotherapy alone. All patients had one or more of the following poor prognostic signs: palpable retroperitoneal disease, liver involvement, invasion or obstruction of the inferior vena cava, or lung metastases larger than 2 cm in diameter. Cytoreductive surgery was technically feasible in this group of patients as assessed radiographically (70-90% reduction in tumor mass) and by the decline in serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in 75% of the patients following surgery. However, there was no statistically significant improvement in overall response rate (75% versus 84%), complete response rate (50 versus 37%) or in survival between the patients treated with surgery prior to chemotherapy or with chemotherapy as the initial treatment. It is unlikely (P less than 0.028) that any true beneficial effect of surgery was missed due to the relatively small number of patients in each treatment arm. The authors of this study conclude that cytoreductive surgery prior to chemotherapy in patients with poor prognosis Stage III testicular carcinoma is not routinely indicated. Since the overall complete response rate to chemotherapy in these 39 patients with bulky Stage III disease was only 43%, alternate approaches, other than cytoreductive surgery, are necessary to improve the prognosis for this group of patients.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

In vitro synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in testicular cancer.

In vitro synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) utilizing 14C-L-leucine and 14C-L-lysine incorporation in fresh testicular cancer tissue of five patients was demonstrated. Radioimmunoassay, immunoprecipitation of 14C-HCG and 14C-AFP, and quantitation of AFP and HCG. This in vitro synthesis of AFP and HCG was correlated with immunocytochemical staining in the cancer cells of the five patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immunoperoxidase staining of acid phosphatase in human prostatic tissue.

The introduction of immunoperoxidase and the indirect immunoperoxidase technique made important contributions in histopathologic diagnosis of prostatic cancer. This staining can be performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue which is usually available. We have used this histopathologic staining technique in 56 patients. The tissues include primary and metastatic prostatic cancer tissue in addition to normal renal pelvis and bladder tissue from other patients. Our data indicate that acid phosphatase can be localized in prostatic cells but not in transitional cells. Therefore, immunohistochemical staining of prostatic acid phosphatase seems most useful to identify metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma or primary tumor and to differentiate them from intraductal prostatic transitional carcinoma or other transitional cell carcinomas.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Lactic dehydrogenase in the monitoring and prognosis of testicular cancer.

In a prospective study of 80 patients with germinal testicular cancer, serial determinations of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were followed for a mean of 18.1 months. Serum LDH was found to be elevated more frequently with increasing tumor bulk. LDH was elevated in 78.0% of the patients with Stage III disease but only 26.3% of the Stage II patients and 20.0% of the pre-orchiectomy Stage I patients. In this study, serum HCG and AFP levels were always elevated in the presence of elevated serum LDH levels except in one patient when LDH was the only elevated marker, in which case it correlated with clinical disease. Correlation of these three serum markers is shown by elevation of LDH in 78.0% of the Stage III patients, AFP in 78.6%, and HCG in 76.2%. In addition, of the 43 patients who had normal LDH levels on initial presentation, their mean survival time (MST) at the end of the study was 15.5 months while the 26 patients who had elevated LDH levels on initial presentation had an MST of 9.2 months. Serum LDH, therefore, may be useful in evaluating patient prognosis as well as an adjunct in monitoring the treatment of patients with bulky testicular cancer. The combination of LDH and HCG has been utilized to monitor the treatment of seminoma.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

False-positive and false-negative alpha-feto protein and human chorionic gonadotropin assays in testicular cancer: a double blind study.

The rates of false-positive and false-negative serum alpha-feto protein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) determinations in 50 patients with testicular cancer utilizing assays from a reference laboratory were studied. Seven (14%) of fifty patients had false-positive and one (2%) of 50 had false-negative serum HCG determinations. Although six (12%) of 50 of serum AFP determinations showed false-positive results; no false-negative rates were encountered for serum AFP. Utilizing simultaneous measurements of serum HCG and luteinizing hormone (LH) measuring urinary HCG by a highly specific carboxyl-terminal assay, one may rule out false-positive occurrences of serum HCG in patients with testicular cancer. This double-blind study also confirmed the need for correlating the clinical status of the patients with elevated serum AFP or HCG in patients with testicular cancer before embarking on any therapy.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

The role of radioimmunodetection in the management of testicular cancer.

Five patients with testicular cancer received an intravenous injection of between 1 and 2.5 mCi of iodine 131-labeled antibody to human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), followed by total-body photoscanning to visualize areas of abnormal radioactivity. Blood-pool and nontarget sites of radioactivity were reduced by subtracting the images derived by injection of technetium Tc 99m-labeled components from the iodine 131 scans. The HCG-immune scintiscans proved helpful in tumor localization and in the selection of appropriate therapy, while the AFP scan presented corroborative evidence of widespread tumor. Elevated serum levels of these two markers did not hinder successful tumor detection and localization by this method of radioimmunodetection. Cancer radioimmunodetection with antibodies to HCG and to AFP appears to be a useful procedure for the pretreatment and posttreatment evaluation of patients with testicular cancer and can reveal sites of tumor not detected by other methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Germ-cell tumors in patients with apparently normal testes.

Germ-cell tumors occasionally occur in patients with clinically normal testes. Although data exist correlating serial serum hCG and AFP in gem-cell neoplasms of testicular origin, the literature is sparse concerning the patients presenting with clinically normal testes. Presented in this report are data to confirm the reliability and usefulness of serial serum hCG and AFP levels in those patients with extragonadal germ-cell tumors and apparently normal testes. Six patients with nonseminomatous extragonadal tumors are presented. Serial serum hCG and AFP levels correlated with the clinical course in each of the patients. The serum hCG and/or AFP decreased with response to therapy and increased with progression of disease. It is concluded that serial serum hCG and AFP determinations are very useful parameters to evaluate and follow the course of disease in this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The ABO(H) cell surface antigens in carcinoma and benign lesions of the breast.

The ABO(H) cell surface antigens of 13 breast carcinomas and 17 benign breast lesions were tested with a specific red cell adherence assay (SRCA). All 13 breast carcinomas, including 2 lobular carcinomas in situ and 1 noninfiltrating ductal carcinoma, had lost their ABO(H) surface antigens. Fourteen of 17 benign breast lesions had retained their ABO(H) surface antigens. The benign lesions losing their antigens were 1 case each of atypical intraductal hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, and intraductal papilloma. SRCA may be a predictor of which benign breast lesions are in fact premalignant.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Histological and ultrastructural changes in rat kidney after cryosurgery.

Effect of cryoinjury to normal rat kidney was studied at the light and electron microscope level, and characterization of the time course of pathologic changes in kidney tissue after cryosurgery was described from 1 hr up to 14 days after production of a standard cryolesion. Cryoinjury to the kidney resulted in sharply demarcated lesions with minimal inflammatory response during the period of cell destruction and healing by fibrosis. Cellular protein was completely coagulated within 1 hr after cryoinjury, with crystallization of protein and disruption of membranes. Cellular disruption was rapid, and the clearance of cellular debris from the area of injury by macrophage infiltration was accomplished through a quite mild inflammatory reaction. Supporting stromal elements of renal parenchyma remained intact, including collagen tubular framework and basement membranes, and formed the lattice over which fibrosis developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Role of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in testicular cancer.

Changes in the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase have been noted to reflect growth and/or regression in many patients with testicular tumors, but they were nonspecific. However, elevation of the first of the LDH isoenzymes (LD-1) has been found specific to testicular cancer among all neoplasms. In this prospective preliminary report of 19 testicular cancer patients serum LD-1 was found to be normal in 4 patients with no tumor present. Therefore, there were no false positive findings. Of 6 patients with microscopic disease, LD-1 level was normal. Of 9 patients with gross disease, 5 had elevated serum LD-1 and 4 had normal LD-1. Of 4 patients with seminoma, 3 had elevated LD-1 while all 4 patients had no other elevated markers. It appears that elevation of serum LD-1 provides a marker for seminoma and a marker with some specificity for testicular cancer.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1981

Improved human chorionic gonadotropin detection with carboxyl-terminal radioimmunoassay of the beta subunit on concentrated 24-hour urine in patients with testicular cancer.

The value of measuring serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin in detecting and monitoring testicular cancer has been demonstrated convincingly. In this study the human chorionic gonadotropin was extracted by the kaolin-acetone procedure from 24-hour urine specimens and the total volume of the extract was adjusted to 15 ml. With a highly specific immunoassay system (H93) that recognizes the unique carboxyl-terminal peptide of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (residue numbers 123 to 145) as described previously, the urinary human chorionic gonadotropin was measured serially in 32 patients of 15 patients with initially human chorionic gonadotropin-producing testicular tumors. These 15 patients had simultaneous measurements of serum human chorionic gonadotropin using an antiserum against the beta subunit (Sb6) and urinary human chorionic gonadotropin concentrates using H93 radioimmunoassay. The initial serum hormone levels of these 15 patients were elevated and returned to normal after therapy. However, despite this occurrence the urinary hormone levels also were elevated. The initial 5 patients with elevated urinary but normal serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels had recurrence. The use of this highly specific radioimmunoassay in measuring urinary human chorionic gonadotropin coupled with effective chemotherapeutic agents has been valuable in selecting patients in whom further therapy is warranted despite normal serum human chorionic gonadotropin and clinically undetectable tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Studies of A, B or O (H) surface antigen specificity: carcinoma in situ and non-malignant lesions of the bladder.

A, B or O (H) antigens identical to those that designate blood groups have been shown to be present on normal urothelial cells. Since the loss of these antigens, as measured by the specific red cell adherence test, has been associated with an increased malignant potential of low stage bladder carcinomas it was considered important to examine the specificity of this test by applying it to nonmalignant bladder lesions as well as to specimens of carcinoma in situ in which gross papillary lesions might not be present. Cells lining the lesions of cystitis and cystitis glandularis, appearing to be normal histologically, also were found to be positive for the presence of the A, B or O (H) antigens in all samples. In contrast, 4 specimens of squamous metaplasia, also appearing normal histologically, were negative by the specific red cell adherence testing. Finally, 7 of 8 specimens of carcinoma in situ were antigen-negative, with the remaining lesion showing only minimal adherence of red cells. Further analysis along similar lines is needed to determine the specificity of the specific red cell adherence test to define more clearly its clinical usefulness.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Post-splenectomy demonstration of splenic tissue by computed tomography with liposoluble contrast material.

The significance of localizing accessory spleens in patients with hematologic disorders as well as demonstrating splenic regeneration following splenectomy is well recognized. An experimental contrast material has been developed that, after intravenous injection, selectively opacifies the liver and spleen on computed tomograms. The contrast material was primarily developed to detect small avascular liver lesions (metastases). Its value in detecting accessory or recurrent spleen was recognized incidentally when a patient with testicular carcinoma and a previous splenectomy showed opacification of splenic tissue in the left upper abdomen.

Adult↗