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Biomedical subjects

N Ikeda

Publications and source records attributed to N Ikeda.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

Annual screening for oral cancer and precancer by invitation to 60-year-old residents of a city in Japan.

Since 1986, annual screening for oral cancer and precancer by postal invitation has been undertaken among 60-year-old residents of Tokoname city, Japan. Clinical examination of the oral soft tissues is performed by groups of four different, specially trained general dental practitioners in the city health centre on one day each year. Following screening each subject receives an individual consultation with an oral medicine specialist. Individuals considered to need full diagnostic follow up or treatment are advised to attend a secondary care referral facility. Between 1986 and 1993, 802 out of 5187 eligible residents (15.5 per cent) were screened of whom 38 (4.7 per cent) were designated by the screeners as positive for oral cancer, erythroplakia, leukoplakia, lichen planus or chronic candidosis. Of these, 32 were referred and 25 attended for follow up examination in hospital departments by specialists with full diagnostic back up facilities. Twenty subjects were confirmed as having a potentially malignant lesion. For these referred patients only, the proportion of correct decisions by the screeners out of all oral cancer/precancer screening decisions was 81 per cent. Positive and negative predictive values for those attending for follow up were 0.80 and 0.82 respectively. Ways of improving the effectiveness and adequacy of the programme are considered.

Biopsy↗

Characteristics of participants and non-participants in annual mass screening for oral cancer in 60-year-old residents of Tokoname city, Japan.

Three thousand one hundred and twenty three 60-year-old residents of Tokoname city, Japan, were eligible to take part in an ongoing annual mass screening programme for oral cancer and precancer during the years 1986-1990. All received a mailed questionnaire to ascertain details of their personal circumstances, lifestyle factors and medical history. One thousand six hundred and sixty eight (53 per cent) responded and of these, 347 plus an additional 89 non responders, totalling 14 per cent of the sample, subsequently attended for screening. Those screened were significantly more likely than non participants to have taken part in other general health or cancer screening, to report past histories of diseases or conditions with severe subjective symptoms and to have access to the screening facility on foot, by bicycle or by car. There were no significant differences between the groups in their smoking habits or alcohol consumption. Ways of improving compliance in screening are considered and in particular, the need for further strengthening the complementary public education programme to increase its effectiveness is highlighted.

Alcohol Drinking↗

Use of high-resolution cytometry in predicting the biologic behavior of T1 adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Touch preparations from 60 cases of T1 adenocarcinoma were analyzed using a high-resolution, automated image cytometer. These cases were divided according to pathologic stage: stage I, 31; stage II, 3; stage III, 19; and stage IV, 7. For each nucleus 57 features were analyzed, and using a linear combination of three texture features describing the DNA distribution in the cell nucleus (TARL, ODMAX and FAREA1), aggressive cancer cells belonging to stage III/IV could be identified. The best discrimination between the stages was achieved when the frequency of aggressive cancer cells was 48%; the correct classification rate was 77%. Using this criterion, 22 of 27 patients (81%) who died of cancer within five years after surgery were correctly predicted. These results suggest that high-resolution cytometry may be of value in predicting the biologic behavior of adenocarcinoma cases, especially in stage I/II.

Adenocarcinoma↗

[Resection of recurrent lung cancer].

The resected recurrent lung cancer cases were evaluated retrospectively. Out of 1,060 cases who received an operation due to primary lung cancer, 21 (1.8%) had recurrent lung cancer which were resected subsequently. Stage I adenocarcinoma cases were found to be most frequent at the first operation (76%). Out of 21 cases, 7 received completion pneumonectomy, 5 had lobectomy and 8 had limited operation, respectively. The 5-year survival rate after the second operation was 36.6% in all the cases. There was no statistical difference in survival rate between the lobectomy group (including completion pneumonectomy) and the limited operation group. There was statistical difference in survival rate between cases who received a second operation in a time span of 2 or more years after the first operation and the cases who received it in less than 2 years. Good prognosis can be expected after the resection of recurrent lung cancer, but further analysis would be required in evaluation of respiratory function as well as biological malignancy of the tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Model of rate-dependent property in myocardial tissues as a useful algorithm for the PC-based arrhythmia generator.

Two mathematical models were presented as an arrhythmia generator. One was the so-called modulated parasystole model. The other was a model of the rate-dependent property of atrioventricular nodal conduction represented by the atrioventricular recovery curve (AVRC). Both models were mathematically formulated as a nonlinear first-order difference equation, and implemented on a personal computer (PC) as an arrhythmia simulator. It was utilized for evaluating the diagnostic performance of computerized ECG analyzers.

Algorithms↗

Computer-assisted instruction of arrhythmia for MS-windows.

1. INTRODUCTION. Training in the diagnosis of arrhythmias is an important part of the curriculum for medical students, postgraduates, and paramedical staff. Although several CAI for arrhythmia have been developed [1-3], we could not get CAI software for arrhythmia for the MS-Windows environment. In this report, we present a newly-developed computer-assisted reference system for arrhythmia that functions in the Windows environment. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM. The system consists of a program and two data files. An MS-Windows program (ECG9405.EXE, 180kB) was compiled using Borland's C++ v.3.1. A binary file (ECPAT.BAS 33kB) includes data of normal and abnormal wave segments of ECG: P wave, PQ interval segment, and QRs complex with/without T wave. A mother file (ECG9405.sys, 57kB) includes 85 data sets to generate ECG waveforms of arrhythmia. Each data set contains a sequence of wave form numbers, the text for questions and answers, and the commands strings. There are five major commands: 1) to create a new window as "wave window"; 2) to make electrocardiogram data; 3) to plot the data on the window; 4) to create a "dialog box" for questions and explanations; and 5) to check the answers. he program gets a data set from the data according to the user's choice. The program then interprets the data set and executes the commands. The wave segment data are plotted in a "wave window" at every 10 milliseconds; this is controlled by the MS-Windows' timer. The timer interval can be changed by selecting the speed button. The ECG waveforms are displayed on a window just like an ordinary ECG monitor with beat sound. Many windows can be created by the user and many ECG waves simultaneously plotted on CRT. 3. USAGE OF THE SYSTEM. The "main window" has a menu that has three items corresponding to the training course: BASIC, TRY, and TEST. Thirty-five types of arrythmias are listed in the "list box" of the windows in BASIC course e.g., sinus arrhythmia, atrial flutter, atrial premature contraction, ventricular extrasystole, ventricular flutter, etc. If the user selects one of them on the list by double clicking, some textual explanations of the wave are described in a dialog box. Ten multiple choice questions are displayed in the dialog box in course of learning TRY and TEST; the answers to these are requested. In the TEST course, the system offers random access to each arrhythmia. he user can send the pictorial ECG data in the window to other graphics programs through a clip board. 4. DISCUSSION. It was successfully used in a lecture of electrocardiogram for medical students. They seem to be interested in this system because of its simple usage and the dynamic drawing of ECG waves on CRT. Multiple computer-based medical resources can be run on MS-Windows. The system is able to run simultaneously with other programs, such as an electronic reference system [4]. The system may be obtained from the authors upon request.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗

[A clinical study of non-tuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis].

We studied the clinical features of sixty-one patients with non-tuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis (NTM), who were newly diagnosed at five national hospitals in Kinki area during 1993. The study subjects were composed of 31 patients with M. avium complex (MAC) disease (20 males and 15 females), 21 with M. kansasii (MK) disease (19 males and 3 females), 2 males with M. szulgai (MS) disease and 2 females with M. chelonae (MC) disease. The rate of NTM to all culture proven mycobacteriosis was 20.2% and the rate of NTM to all culture proven, newly discovered mycobacteriosis was 18.2% and the rates were higher than Sakatani's report in 1994 (14% in 1991). The ratio of MK to MAC was 22:35, and the ratio of MK was higher than the report of Sakatani. The mean age of patients with MK was 57.9 in male and 76.7 in female, that with MAC was 71.0 in male and 70.1 in female, that with MS was 57.0 in male and that 72.5 with MC in female. The proportion of elderly patients was higher than the former reports in Japan, especially in female with MK. The main lesions on chest X-ray was found in bilateral S1, 2(S1+2), particularly in the cases with cavitary lesions, but right middle lobe and left lingular lobe were mainly affected in some patients with MAC and S6 was often affected in elderly patients with MK. The chemotherapy with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and/or streptomycin (or kanamycin) w as highly effective in case with MK and MS disease, the efficacy was similar to pulmonary tuberculosis. Some patients with MAC were treated with combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs and new quinolons and/or clarythromycin, but the efficacy was not yet revealed.

4-Quinolones↗

Nondetectable cone and rod electroretinographic responses in a patient with Cockayne syndrome.

A 10-year-old girl complained or poor vision in both eyes. The patient showed progeria, physical and mental retardation, sensorineural hearing loss, cutaneous photosensitivity, hyperopia, poor pupillary dilation, exotropia, salt-and-pepper fundi, nondetectable cone and rod electroretinographic (ERG) responses, cerebral atrophy on computed tomography, and demyelination of periventricular white matter on magnetic resonance imaging. We believe that nondetectable cone and rod ERG responses in Cockayne syndrome, as demonstrated in our patient, may be uncommon.

Brain↗

Mathematical model of cardiovascular mechanics for diagnostic analysis and treatment of heart failure: Part 1. Model description and theoretical analysis.

The planning of drug therapy for heart failure should involve both the diagnostic analysis of the patient's defective state and a prediction of the drug effects on the identified state. We have devised a mathematical model of cardiovascular system mechanics, on which both quantitative diagnosis and evaluation of drug effects can be made. The model was composed of systemic and pulmonary circulatory networks including the dynamics of the left and right ventricles. The model of the ventricles can represent both systolic and diastolic problems in heart failure through the parameters of ventricular contractility and diastolic stiffness. Each vascular network was composed of arterial and venous resistances and total vascular capacitance. Patient's ventricular and vascular parameters were estimated simultaneously from the clinically measurable haemodynamic variables based on the model. Despite the simplicity of the model, the results showed good agreement with clinical and experimental data. The clinically significant haemodynamic classification of heart failure by Forrester et al. (Forrester et al., 1977) was simulated well by the model. This model provides a useful basis for analysing pathophysiological states in heart failure and evaluating drug effects on the disease.

Heart↗

Mathematical model of cardiovascular mechanics for diagnostic analysis and treatment of heart failure: Part 2. Analysis of vasodilator therapy and planning of optimal drug therapy.

Using a mathematical model of cardiovascular mechanics, various complicated responses to vasodilator therapy for heart failure have been well accounted for through common logic: (i) the differential effects of various vasodilators on cardiac output; (ii) the opposite response of cardiac output to sodium nitroprusside in a normal state and heart failure state; (iii) the different responses of cardiac index, arterial pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure to hydralazine in different types of heart failure. The response to combined vasodilator-inotropic agent therapy was simulated well by the model. The optimal therapeutic regimen was then formulated to simultaneously control the cardiac output, systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous pressures, and the degree of coronary ischaemia by multiple drug delivery, and the problem was solved using the model. We conclude that the model provides a useful basis for obtaining a guidance for more appropriate therapeutic regimen in heart failure.

Cardiotonic Agents↗

Bioactive terpenoids from Octocorallia, I. Bioactive diterpenoids: litophynols A and B from the mucus of the soft coral Litophyton sp.

Two new eunicellin-type diterpenoids, litophynols A [1] and B [2], and the known diterpenoids litophynins E [3], H [11], and I monoacetate [12], were isolated from the mucus secreted by the soft coral Litophyton sp. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectral and single crystal X-ray analyses. These compounds have hemolytic activity.

Animals↗

Efficiency of oxetanocin-G, a novel nucleoside against the woodchuck hepatitis virus.

Oxetanocin-G (OXT-G), a potent antiviral agent, is a novel nucleoside isolated from the culture filtrate of Bacillus megaterium. We investigated the antiviral effect of oral administration of OXT-G for five days on woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), in vivo, using 12 woodchucks. Woodchucks were randomized into each of four treatment groups according to the dose of OXT-G. Two out of six woodchucks treated with 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg/day of OXT-G died. After treatment with OXT-G, serum levels of WHV-DNA significantly decreased in all woodchucks. However, the antiviral effect was only partial and levels of serum WHV-DNA returned after the cessation of treatment. The amount of viral replicative intermediates was decreased in livers of woodchucks treated with OXT-G. Although further study of the toxicity of this compound would be essential before studies in man can be carried out, OXT-G has potent antiviral activity against WHV and may deserve evaluation as an antiviral agent in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infections in humans.

Animals↗

Variations in concentrations of bacterial metabolites, enzyme activities, moisture, pH and bacterial composition between and within individuals in faeces of seven healthy adults.

Variations between and within individuals, and correlations between concentrations of bacterial metabolites, including putrefactive products, ammonia and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), enzyme activities, moisture and pH, as well as bacterial composition, were studied in faecal samples from seven healthy adults over a period of 7 months. Large variations, both between and within individuals, were observed in concentrations of putrefactive products. Although values for ammonia, SCFAs, enzyme activities, moisture and pH were generally variable, significant person-to-person differences were observed. While ranges of log viable counts of the predominant bacteria such as eubacteria, bifidobacteria and bacteroides in each subject remained between 0.2 and 1.3, those of enterobacteria, streptococci (including enterococci) and lecithinase-negative clostridia varied between 0.4 and 3.0. Levels of bifidobacteria, enterobacteria, streptococci and total aerobic bacteria showed inter-individual variations. Correlations were found among certain of the parameters: moisture correlated negatively with p-cresol (r = -0.707), pH (r = -0.671) and beta-glucosidase activity (GS) (r = -0.608), and positively with acetic acid (r = 0.621), while negative correlations were observed in pH with acetic and butyric acids (r = -0.690 and -0.623, respectively). No significant correlations were found between bacterial compositions, and other faecal factors such as pH, moisture, metabolic enzyme activities and concentrations of putrefactive products.

Adult↗

Application to cows and horses of Spotchem, a dry-chemistry blood analyzer for use in veterinary clinics.

The usefulness of a dry-chemistry blood analyzer, Spotchem SP-4410 (SP-4410) in a veterinary clinic for analysis of bovine and equine blood chemistry was studied. We quantitated total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (T-Bil), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (T-Cho), glucose (Glu), calcium (Ca), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in bovine sera. Each sample was assayed with both the SP-4410 and an automated blood analyzer which served as a wet-chemistry reference system, and the data were analyzed with regression analysis. The correlation coefficient for AST was 0.997 being the highest for all the parameters, and all the correlation coefficients were 0.93 or higher. The coefficients of variation were lower than 5.0 except in the case of bovine T-Bil where it was 5,756. The ranges of normal reference values measured by SP-4410 were the same as those reported by other investigators in most cases, but those for GGT and CPK were slightly higher. The strongest interference was observed with hemoglobin. It seems that dry-chemical-analysis of blood serum using the SP-4410 is useful for analysis of bovine and equine blood.

Animals↗

Effect of NIK-247 on basal concentrations of extracellular acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex of conscious, freely moving rats.

We studied the effect of orally administered NIK-247 (9-amino-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinoline monohydrochloride monohydrate) on basal extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations in the rat cerebral cortex using microdialysis without the addition of cholinesterase inhibitor to the perfusion fluid and radioimmunoassay for ACh. In addition, the effect of oral administration of NIK-247 on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rat cerebral cortex was determined. The mean basal ACh content in the perfusate from the cerebral cortex of freely moving rats was 123.2 +/- 21.8 fmol/30 min (n = 7). NIK-247 (2.5-10.0 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the ACh content of the perfusate in a dose-dependent manner. NIK-247 at 10 mg/kg significantly increased the ACh content in the perfusate from 0.5 to 2.5 hr after administration, and the maximum increase was attained at 1 hr after administration. 9-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and physostigmine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the ACh content in the perfusate from 1 to 2 hr and from 0.5 to 1.5 hr after administration, respectively. AChE activities in the cerebral cortex were about 32% and 12% below the control value at 1 hr and 3 hr after administration of NIK-247 at 10 mg/kg, respectively. These findings demonstrate that NIK-247 increases extracellular ACh concentration and inhibits AChE activity in the cerebral cortex after oral administration, and they suggest that NIK-247 facilitates central cholinergic transmission.

Acetylcholine↗

Immunohistochemical analysis of epithelial cell proliferation in normal-appearing rectal mucosa of patients with colorectal adenoma and cancer using an in vitro labeling method with bromodeoxyuridine.

To identify diffuse mucosal changes which may precede the development of colorectal cancer and a possible indicator for detecting high-risk populations, we immunohistochemically studied cell-cycle events in crypts of normal-appearing rectal mucosa of patients with colorectal adenoma and cancer using an in vitro labeling method with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Biopsy specimens of endoscopically normal-appearing rectal mucosa were obtained during colonoscopy from 20 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, 20 with adenoma, and 15 without apparent colorectal diseases. The specimens were incubated with BrdU in vitro, and labeled S-phase cells were identified immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody to BrdU. Modification of the BrdU-labeling pattern in the normal appearing rectal mucosa, such as the presence of BrdU-labeled cells at the mucosal surface or in the upper one-fifth of the crypt column, was observed in 15 of the 20 patients with adenocarcinoma, 17 of the 20 patients with adenoma and 6 of the 15 controls. This upward shift in the frequency of proliferating cells in the crypt was significantly higher in the patients with colorectal adenoma and cancer than in the controls, and may be used to identify subjects at high risk for colorectal cancer.

Adenoma↗

The first case of polymyositis associated with interferon therapy.

A 54-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma was treated with interferon (IFN)-gamma for 3 weeks soon after nephrectomy. Three months later he received IFN-alpha therapy for 8 weeks due to chronic active hepatitis C. He subsequently contracted polymyositis (PM): proximal muscle weakness, an elevation of muscle enzymes, myogenic patterns on the electromyograph and histologically specific findings in biopsied muscle specimens. After discontinuation of IFN his muscular weakness gradually recovered.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

[Two cases of elderly people diagnosed with acute tuberculous pneumonia possibly succeeded by the perforation of lymph nodes in the bronchus].

The report is a study of the cases in which elderly people (83 years-old male and 81 years-old female) diagnosed has having acute tuberculous pneumonia possibly suffered from subsequent perforation of lymph nodes in the bronchus. Neither of the patients had a prior history of tuberculosis treatment. Both patients were admitted to the hospital after being diagnosed with pneumonia. After the administration of antibiotics, the symptoms of illness improved, but chest roentgenograms were taken failed to show improvement. The patients were then transferred to our hospital, because sputa smear tests for Mycobacteria (Ziehl-Neelsen stain) were performed, and the results were positive. Case I (male) was suspected of having endobronchial tuberculosis, since rhonchi was audible in the left-front upper chest during expiration when performing auscultation. A bronchoscopy was conducted at which time ulcer lesions on the left upper lobe of the bronchus and perforated lymph node of the upper bronchus were detected. Case II (female) was suspected of having lung cancer and a bronchoscopy was performed due to the findings of a chest roentgenogram taken after one month of chemotherapy. A perforated lymph node in right truncus intermedius was detected. In this report, we discussed the early diagnosis of tuberculous pneumonia and the perforation of caseous lymph nodes in the bronchus, which was the main cause of tuberculous pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗