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Biomedical subjects

N I Iakovleva

Publications and source records attributed to N I Iakovleva.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of the immunological status of female animal breeders].

Sanitary, hygienic, clinicostatistical and immunologic study of 680 female workers engaged in animal husbandry was carried out. For the assessment of their immunologic status the study was designed to analyze the content of circulating immune complexes, hemolytic activity of the complement system and its components, basic immunoglobulin classes (A, M, G, E) and R-proteins. It was demonstrated that female cattle breeders had higher rate of communicable diseases developing into chronic forms and periodically characterized by acute conditions. The female workers engaged in animal husbandry for a long period of time had a disbalance of the above indicators and significant body allergization.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of the immune status of female cattle breeders with chlamydia infections].

Chlamydia urogenital infections cause significant changes in the immune status which can be regarded as immunopathologic disorders. Taking into account the wide prevalence of infections of this kind, particularly among female agriculture workers, as well as their pathogenicity and health-related consequences, Chlamydia Trachomatis cases must be properly revealed in women affected with inflammatory diseases of genitalia with subsequent etiotropic treatment.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Immunologic status of women cattle breeders during pregnancy].

The study was designed to analyze the content of CIC of the main classes of immunoglobulins (A, M, G, E), R-proteins and hemolytic activity of the complement system and its components (C3, C4, C1) in 1980 pregnant women engaged in agricultural activity. Imbalance of the body protective indicators was detected in the pregnant women engaged in animal husbandry. An infectious process aggravated the above changes. Decrease of body protective characteristics elevated the risk of acute conditions of the chronic infectious process and the emergence of postnatal infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of vascular factors and aging on the ultrastructure of neurons of the human cerebral cortex].

Neuronal ultrastructure of the frontal and temporal cerebral cortex has been studied in persons 36-, 39-, 50-, 70-year-old, died from the ischemic heart disease and 73-, 83-year-old, whose deaths are not connected with vascular pathology. The neurons can be divided into several groups, depending on osmiophilic degree of their nucleus and cytoplasm: I--electron-light, II--electron-opaque, III--with dark nucleus and light cytoplasm and IV--with light nucleus and dark cytoplasm. The protein-synthesizing apparatus (PSA) is subjected to the earliest and most essential disorders. Its changes in the I group of neurons at the age of 36-50 years are mainly of compensatory-adaptive character, while at the age of 73 and 83 years the dystrophic changes of the PSA result in hollowness of the cell, that evidently makes the base of the cell ageing mechanism. Presence of electron opaque neurons is not a sign of ageing, and depends on various pathology, in the given case on the ischemic heart disease, that causes certain vascular disorders in the brain. Variability of the ultrastructures of the electron opaque neurons and essential changes of some part of them, observed in the brain of the 72-year-old man confirm that the vascular factor is an important one in pathology of neurons. Dependence of lipofuscin appearance in neurons on the manifestation degree of the pathological process and ageing in them is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[A method for obtaining histological sections from tissue previously studied by scanning electron microscopy].

An accelerated method of paraffin embedding of tissue specimens previously examined with scanning electron microscopy is proposed aimed to obtain sections for routine histological examination. The tissue is passed through acetone, absolute alcohol, alcoholic-oil celloidin solution, chloroform to be eventually mounted into paraffin. The method allows obtaining good quality sections within 24 hours.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Ultrastructural characteristics of tubular and tubulovillous adenomas of the large intestine].

Electron microscopic study of adenomas showed absorptive cells (with or without a brush-board), goblet cells, and, less frequently, endocrine cells, and thus organ- and tissue-specific features of normal tissue. There was no relationship between the occurrence of the above cells and the degree of cell dysplasia. However, adenomas showed undifferentiated and moderately-differentiated enterocytes, their level depending on the degree of cell dysplasia. Pronounced dysplasia was often associated with a high level of undifferentiated cells.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

[Possible mechanisms of synapse formation during ontogenesis].

Electron microscopic investigation of synaptogenesis in the sensomotor cortex and in the caudate nucleus has been performed in the prenatal ontogenesis (16-22 days) and in newborn rats. The first immature synapses are demonstrated to appear beginning on the 16th day of embryogenesis. At the end of the prenatal development and especially in newborn animals desmosome-like, asymmetric and symmetric, mixed and complex forms of the synaptic contacts are revealed. As a result of the analysis performed on the ultrastructural organization of the contacts, a hypothesis explaining mechanisms of development of various elements of the synapses has been suggested. A part of the synaptic contacts of the asymmetric and symmetric types is supposed to be genetically programmed and membrane specialization of these contacts is formed earlier than synaptic vesicles appear. Other part of the synapses undergoes certain stages of differentiation before the functionally mature contact is formed. The initial stage in the synapses formation in formation of the desmosome-like junction. The second stage is appearance of synaptic vesicles in the area of this contact. The third stage includes development of pre- and postsynaptic membranous specialization and owing to this the contact acquires either asymmetric or symmetric appearance. For the ontogenetic periods investigated establishment of complex forms of the intercellular junctions (tangent, reciprocal, etc.) is specific; this evidently demonstrates certain plastic rearrangements in the synapses during the process of development.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Various types of non-synaptic intercellular contacts in the developing brain of the rat].

Peculiarities of ultrastructural organization and localization of early forms of avascular nonsynaptic types of junctions formed in 14-18-day-old rat embryos have been studied; cerebral structures different in their phylogenic relations (the sensomotor cortex and nucleus caudatus) are taken as an example. Five main types of nonsynaptic intercellular junctions have been revealed: desmosome-like, gap, symmetric, asymmetric and mixed junctions. They differ by their ultrastructural organization. These types of junctions make the main types of contacts: soma-somatic, dendro-somatic, dendro-dendritic, axo-somatic, axo-dendritic. Desmosomes form the greatest number of the contacts. The earliest and the most primitive are gap junctions; they, evidently, reflect functional activity of desmosome-like junctions. The mixed junctions, perhaps, reflect the developmental stages of the intercellular contacts of transition from one type of junctions into another. Localization peculiarities of the nonsynaptic intercellular contacts are demonstrated: glomerule-like formations, establishment of numerous contacts looking like a successive chain, and so on. For some other indices a longer period of intercellular contact formation in the nucleus caudatus is noted, comparing the sensomotor cortex, though the latter is a newer structural cerebral formation from the phylogenic point of view.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in neurons of the cerebral cortex in senile dementia].

Using light and electron microscopy, the frontal, temporal and parietal cortical neurons were studied in 10 cases of senile dementia. It was found that along with general age-specific disorders of the ultrastructure of neurons and glial cells (varying degrees of chromatolysis, accumulation of lipofuscin, mitochondrial changes) the examination revealed ultrastructural shifts which might be characteristic of senile dementia. They include rearrangement of nuclear chromatin, destruction of nuclear membrane with the subsequent vacuolization of the nucleus and karyolysis, the appearance of polymorphic fibrillar inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons and gliocytes, as well as the disappearance of subsuperficial cysterns. Destructive processes were also attended by signs of compensatory changes, i.e. displacement of the nucleolus to the nuclear periphery, the development of desmosomophide contacts at the site of the neuron and glial satellite cell contact, the grouping of cells, and frequent fusion of the adjacent cellular elements.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Structural aspects of the development and formation of growth cones in the sensorimotor cortex and caudate nucleus in ontogeny].

The structural organization and formation of the growth cones were studied on the basis of differentiating neurons and processes of the sensorimotor cortex and the caudate nucleus of rats in ontogenesis. Vesicles have been shown to be the major structural unit of the pericarial growth cones and the growth cones of the processes in the cerebral formations studied. The growth cones of the caudate nucleus show more frequently both vesicles and some cytoplasmic organelles as compared with those of the sensorimotor cortex. The growth cones are maximally pronounced at the end of the first postnatal week when the intensive growth and development of the dendrite tree and the ramification of axon terminals are observed. Simultaneously with the formation of the growth cones, their degeneration occurs as well; the latter being noted in animals of all the age groups studied. The questions concerning the formation of the growth cones and the genesis of the vesicular components of these formations are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

[Colonic and rectal adenomas and carcinomas].

Adenomas of the colon and rectum from 606 patients were examined among which 62.5% were tubular, 28.3% tubularvillous, 9.2% villous forms (according to the WHO classification). In 7 patients carcinoma in situ was found in the area of adenomas, in 10 patients "focal carcinoma" and in 55 patients adenocarcinoma with invasion into the submucous layer of the intestine wall. Three patients had primary multiple carcinoma in adenomatosis of the colon and rectum. The development of cancer was observed predominantly in adenomas with signs of epithelial dysplasia of the II--III degree. Carcinoma in situ and "focal carcinoma" are stages in the establishment of the tumor growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

[Ultrastructure of paired neuron contacts during the posthypoxic period].

Peculiar contacts between bodies of double neurons were revealed in the sensomotor cortex of the rat brain under ischemia and histotoxic hypoxia by means of the electron microscopic investigation. Ultrastructure of the contacting double neurons is not homogenous. In some cases, they do not differ from the normal, in other cases, certain signs of activation are revealed. In the contact area, peripheral focal chromatolysis is sometimes observed. In the double neurons the number of microtubules is often increased. In some cases, the cytoplasmic structure is altered (demonstrating certain activation in one of the cells) and combined with destructive processes in the neighbouring cell. The double neurons revealed can be divided into 3 groups: 1) pairs of morphologically identical neurons without specialized areas in the bordering membranes, 2) double neurons with specialized areas of membranes at places of their contacts, 3) double neurons with fusion of their cytoplasm at places where the cellular bodies come into contact with each other. The types of the double neurons described reveal some additional ways along which metabolism in neurons can occur.

Animals↗