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Biomedical subjects

N H Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to N H Wilson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Comparison of methods for measuring surface roughness of ceramic.

The aim of this investigation was to compare two methods of assessing the surface texture of finished dental ceramic; a laser reflectivity method (LSR) and a contact stylus tracing method. Identical ceramic blocks (Dicor MGC) were finished using a variety of techniques and devices, and the surface texture characterized by LSR and contact stylus tracing to enable comparisons to be made between the two methods. The results indicate that there is little correlation between the two measuring methods. Therefore, laser reflectivity should not be exclusively used to measure the surface texture of contoured and finished ceramic materials. The development of sophisticated surface characterization parameters suggest that the surface characteristics of dental restorations and other related surfaces should be described using more than one surface measurement parameter. Surface parameters should be chosen which can both quantify surface roughness and provide information on the shape of the surface under investigation.

Dental Polishing↗
PubMed1995

Factors associated with skin irritation of the hands experienced by general dental practitioners.

Practising dental surgeons are now wearing gloves for longer periods of time than any other comparable group. As part of a study to assess dentists' attitudes to cross-infection, a questionnaire was sent to 1950 randomly selected general dental practitioners in England and Wales, with information being requested concerning the incidence of skin irritation of the hands considered to be associated with glove wearing. The response to the questionnaire was 61%, with 29% of respondents indicating that they experienced skin irritation. A strong association was identified between pattern of glove wearing and incidence of skin irritation, with routine glove wearers being more likely to suffer skin irritation than occasional glove wearers. Female respondents were also more likely to have experienced skin irritation than male respondents. No association was identified between reported incidence of skin irritation and practising arrangements, years since graduation and number of years of glove wearing.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1995

Indirect composite preparation width and depth and tooth fracture resistance.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of preparation width and depth on the fracture resistance of teeth restored with one type of indirect composite restoration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Variations of depth and width were superimposed on a preparation of dentin design and dimensions with other variables including tooth size and morphology being controlled. Indirect composite restorations were constructed and placed in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. The restored teeth were subjected to compressive loading with fracture being induced by application of a 4 mm steel rod to the specimens in a universal testing machine, at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/minute. RESULTS: Preparation depths of 3 to 4 mm were found to be preferable, but when the prevalence of severe tooth fracture was assessed, the shallower preparation depth was found to be indicated. Cavity depths of one-third and one-half bucco-lingual width were evaluated, the fracturing forces for the group with the narrower width being statistically lower.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

The outcome of a clinical trial of a dentin bonding system. Justice or injustice?

PURPOSE: To review the findings and to question the outcome of a clinical evaluation of a dentin bonding system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a split mouth, single blind (to patient), randomised within patient, clinical trial of Tripton used in conjunction with Opalux and the ultrafine compact-filled, experimental visible light cured resin composite M221784 (ICI Dental) in the restoration of mixed (enamel/dentin), caries free buccal-surface cervical lesions in vital, permanent canine and premolar teeth. The design of the trial was based on the then current American Dental Association (ADA) Clinical Protocol Guidelines for Dentin and Enamel Adhesive Materials. Restorations were placed as dictated by a predetermined randomised number scheme with each patient recruited to the study receiving at least one pair of matched restorations, comprising one restoration of each resin composite. RESULTS: The study reported was discontinued at 1 year subsequent to a 17% loss rate between 6 and 12 months after placement, with most of the restorations lost having been placed in what has subsequently become shown to be relatively unfavorable situations. It is suggested that the outcome of clinical trials of the type considered may warrant review in the light of new knowledge and understanding, and that regulatory bodies setting clinical protocol guidelines must give careful consideration as to whether the criteria for this type of trial should be more restrictive or required to include a representative range of clinically relevant situations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Research directions and output in European dental schools.

Information pertaining to the research directions and output of dental schools in different countries is of importance in understanding intra- and inter- national differences amongst groups of dental practitioners. The research output of European dental schools has been assessed quantitatively and qualitatively on the basis of published abstracts of research presentations at IADR-meetings during 1993. These data are compared with comparable data for 1990/91. The results indicate that European dental schools are substantially different in terms of research output relative to total population, with the UK at one extreme and Italy at the other. The UK, Denmark, The Netherlands, Sweden and Norway are highly ranked while Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany and France have low rankings, according to the method used. Periodontology, plaque, dental materials, and restorative dentistry would appear to be the principal foci of research. Possible ways of strengthening the coordination and the efficiency and effectiveness of dental research at the European level are discussed. It is suggested that the creation of centres of excellence and research networks are approaches to be considered. An unresolved problem will be the contradictory requirements from educational and research perspectives in relation to the training of dental practitioners.

Dental Materials↗
PubMed1995

The limitations of resin-bonded restorations.

The ability to resin-bond rather than relying on mechanical retention and the use of cements indirect restorations has had a substantial impact on restorative dentistry. While resin-bonding offers many advantages, notably a reduction in the removal of sound tooth tissue during preparation, resin bonds suffer certain limitations. These limitations, including technique sensitivity, susceptibility to marginal deterioration and relatively limited life expectancy, are discussed in this paper together with considerations of the clinical performance and modes of failure of resin-bonded restorations in clinical service. It is concluded that resin-bonding will become recognised as a major development in dentistry but there remains considerable scope for further development of the materials and techniques for resin-bonded restorations.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1995

Opinions and experiences of dental students and faculty concerning computer-assisted learning.

This study assessed the opinions and attitudes of faculty and students concerning the use of computer-assisted learning (CAL) at three different dental schools on two continents (Manchester, U.K.; Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.). In each school students and faculty received a questionnaire; faculty by internal mail, students at the end of a lecture. Response rates for students were 76 percent in Manchester, 64 percent in Nijmegen, and 91 percent in Lexington. The respective figures for faculty were: 42 percent, 47 percent, and 39 percent. In all three schools approximately 50 percent of students had a computer at home. Students in Lexington and Manchester seemed to be more advanced in the use of computers for self-instructional learning. Students and faculty in Lexington had more experience with interactive multimedia than did those in Manchester and Nijmegen. In general, Lexington students were somewhat more familiar with computers and CAL than Manchester students, with Nijmegen showing the lowest percentages. Few CAL programs were available at any school, with small numbers of dental students having been exposed to programs involving animation (vision, sound). The majority of students are of the opinion that the use of computers for learning is not impersonal, nor difficult, but challenging and motivating. There is good agreement that if a program is to be bought or developed, it should be a combination of text, images, and sound. It is postulated that concerted action by dental schools is required to realize the potential of CAL in dental education, and that international organizations should give consideration to coordinating this action.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Measuring oral health: an historical view and details of a contemporary oral health index (OHX).

The paper describes a new index for measuring oral health, the Oral Health Index (OHX). In reviewing the indices so far developed, the paper discusses the relative merits and disadvantages of these, especially in relation to their specificity to individual disease processes. The component parts of the OHX are described, together with pilot studies of its use and suggested future areas for its implementation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Composite inlays.

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Composite Resins↗
PubMed1994

Aesthetic inlays.

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Composite Resins↗
PubMed1994

Glove use by dentists in England and Wales: results of a 2-year follow-up survey.

This paper reports the findings of a 2-year follow-up study of glove use by dentists practising within the NHS regulations in England and Wales. The questionnaire for this study was distributed in November/December 1991 to 1950 dentists. The response rate was 61.5%. Analysis of the data obtained from the replies indicated that 83% of respondents wore gloves routinely for all patients and all procedures, 15% wore gloves for either selected patients or procedures and 2% never wore gloves. Glove wearing patterns were found to be related to gender, practice type and frequency of attendance at postgraduate courses. Overall, the results indicate increasing levels of compliance with recommendations concerning glove wearing while treating patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Glove use by orthodontists in England and Wales: changes since 1989 and comparisons with general dental practitioners.

Glove wearing during patient treatment has been considered to be an integral part of dental surgery cross-infection control routines. The degree of compliance with this recommendation was tested by distribution of a questionnaire to 1950 dentists known to be practising under the National Health Service (NHS) regulations in England and Wales. Of the dentists who replied, 40 were specialist orthodontists. Results indicated that 60 per cent of these orthodontic respondents used gloves routinely for all patients and procedures, while 25 per cent wore gloves for either selected patients or selected procedures. Fifteen per cent never wore gloves. Comparison with results from a similar survey carried out in 1989 indicated increasing compliance by the orthodontic respondents to glove-wearing recommendations. However, the levels of glove use by orthodontists was found to be lower than that of their general dental practitioner colleagues.

England↗
PubMed1994

Who needs clinical audit?

Clinical audit focuses on self--and, more importantly, peer assessments of the performance of practitioners and the service they provide to patients. Some practitioners may feel threatened by audit; however, when conducted as intended and viewed as a form of education, it may become recognised as an integral, cost-effective element of everyday clinical practice. This article highlights ways in which practitioners may increasingly appreciate the need to understand and apply clinical audit processes in their practice environments.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1994

Contemporary considerations in treatment planning.

Correct planning of treatment is central to clinical dental practice, given that the skillful completion of an inappropriate procedure may be little or no benefit to the patient. Effective treatment planning is dependent on a number of factors, including good communication with the patient, recognition of the problems that require and influence treatment, and an awareness of the prognosis of the potential alternatives.

Comprehensive Dental Care↗