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Biomedical subjects

N Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to N Gupta.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Gastropathy and ketoconazole malabsorption in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To correlate oral ketoconazole absorption with gastric acid secretion in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). DESIGN: Prospective measurement of maximal acid output and oral ketoconazole absorption with and without 0.1-N hydrochloric acid. SETTING: Hospital in-patients in university medical center. PATIENTS: Ten consecutive male patients with AIDS. INTERVENTION: Maximal acid output was determined after pentagastrin stimulation in all patients. Serum ketoconazole levels were measured the day after ingestion of a 200-mg ketoconazole tablet in the fasted state. On the final day, ketoconazole was ingested with 200 mL of 0.1-N hydrochloric acid. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Maximal acid output was below 15 mEq/h in 7 of 10 patients. In all 7, the area under the serum ketoconazole concentration-time curve was below normal (1.4 +/- 0.9 mg/h.L; mean +/- SE), and absorption was normalized by hydrochloric acid (9.9 +/- mg/h.L). Two of three patients with maximal acid outputs above 15 mEq/h had normal ketoconazole absorption (15.1 +/- 6.7 mg/h.L). CONCLUSIONS: The bioavailability of oral ketoconazole is reduced in patients with AIDS, largely as a result of gastric hypochlorhydria. Ketoconazole tablets should therefore be given with acid in these patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Geraniol interferes with membrane functions in strains of Candida and Saccharomyces.

Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Geraniol was shown to enhance the rate of potassium leakage out of whole cells and also was shown by fluorescence polarization to increase C. albicans membrane fluidity. Biophysical studies using differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence polarization and osmotic swelling of phospholipid vesicles demonstrated that geraniol decreased the phase-transition temperature of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, affected fluidity throughout the bilayer, particularly the central portion of the bilayers, and caused an increase in bilayer permeability to erythritol. Geraniol may have potential use as an antifungal agent.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed1988

Factors influencing the cellular response in bronchoalveolar lavage and peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Subsegmental bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 30 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and six control subjects. Total leucocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, count of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, T and B lymphocytes were determined in peripheral venous blood. These parameters and macrophage counts were also determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Variations in the cellular responses were correlated with patients' age, sex, nutritional status and duration of symptoms as well as radiological severity of disease. Patients of both sexes (seven female) showed similar responses. Decreased cell counts in peripheral blood were observed in patients aged 31 to 40 years. Well-nourished patients (n = 19) had higher counts of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and polymorphonuclear leucocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The duration of symptoms had a significant influence on cellular responses. In blood, lymphocyte counts were increased in those with symptoms of shorter duration but reduced in those symptomatic for more than 6 months. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid also all cellular elements were increased in those symptomatic for less than 6 months but a decline followed in those with symptoms for longer duration. Patients with minimal disease radiologically showed higher total leucocyte counts in blood, whereas those with moderately advanced lesions had elevated absolute lymphocyte counts. T cell lymphopenia was observed in blood of patients with far advanced disease. The inflammatory response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, however, increased in parallel with the severity of disease. Patients with far advanced lesions showed marked inflammation irrespective of duration of symptoms. Thus, the pattern of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was not similar to that in peripheral blood, particularly in patients with far advanced lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Positron emission tomography in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

A 56-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and a dense left homonymous hemianopia had 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Cortical glucose metabolism was decreased in the right cerebral hemisphere and the left cerebellar hemisphere. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of cerebral and cerebellar hypometabolism due solely to white matter disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Role of immune complexes in cerebral malaria.

To investigate the involvement of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, a comparative study between Plasmodium berghei infected Swiss albino mice and BALB/c mice was conducted. Rise in parasitemia was found to be same with differences in manifestation of disease and mortality, level of immune complexes and histopathology. Increased parasitized red cells with swelling of endothelial cells in the brain capillaries along with increased levels of circulating immune complexes were observed in the BALB/c mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

On the division of trypanosomes in Colisa fasciata (Perciformes) in vivo.

In vivo observation of the division in the trypomastigotes of the fish trypanosome, Trypanosoma trichogasteri, from Colisa fasciata is hereby reported for the first time. The division is initiated with the duplication of the kinetoplast followed by nuclear division and cytokinesis. Contrary to earlier reports, cytokinesis commences from the posterior end and the flagellum originates simultaneously or subsequent to cytoplasmic separation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Functioning oncocytic adenoma of the pituitary.

A case of a functioning invasive pituitary oncocytoma in a 50-year-old man is reported. The serum prolactin was increased and immunocytochemical staining was positive for prolactin. In addition to numerous mitochondria within the neoplastic cells, structurally abnormal mitochondria with crystalline inclusions were also present. Another interesting feature was the presence of about 10 to 15% of non-oncocytic cells which showed prominent RER and Golgi apparatus as found in functioning pituitary adenomas. It is likely that these secretorily active cells were responsible for the functional activity of the tumour.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Effects of various oils and of starvation on the lipid metabolism in brain.

In this study the effects of the dietary fat sources, viz., Dalda, mustard oil and groundnut oil in the brain lipid metabolism during starvation has been investigated. To find out this, these oils were fed to albino rats for 8 weeks followed by 3 and 5 days of starvation. Total as well as galactolipids of brain were not affected by dietary oils and starvation, whereas phospholipids of brain were significantly increased by fasting irrespective of the dietary fats. On the other hand, cholesterol was found to be increased in the groups fed with Dalda and groundnut oil and to be significantly decreased during fasting experiments. Incorporation of (1-14C)acetate into lipid of the brain slices of rats fed different experimental diets than followed by starvation revealed that the uptake of radioactivity was higher in the group fed with groundnut oil, followed by Dalda. Low uptake was observed in the group fed with mustard oil.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis by mass vaccination. II. Persistence of antibody four years after vaccination.

Meningococcal antibody was measured in 928 persons vaccinated with combined groups A and C polysaccharide antigens in Bauchi State, Nigeria between 1979 and 1982. Protective amounts of antibody were detected by the indirect haemagglutination technique up to 4 years after vaccination. This persistence was observed mainly in adults, although a substantial proportion of older children also had persistent antibody. Titres in younger children fell progressively, and by the third year the mean log2 antibody titre was 1.4; this may not confer protection against disease. A rational policy for vaccination against meningococcal meningitis would be to revaccinate younger children after 2 years, older children after 4 years, and adults after 6-8 or more years.

Adolescent↗