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Biomedical subjects

N Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to N Gupta.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Course of bipolar disorder in eastern India.

The life course of affective episodes was determined for 95 consecutively admitted patients from eastern India fulfilling RDC criteria for definite mania during the current episode, using SADS-L interviews. There was a significantly greater frequency of manic compared to depressive relapses. Presentation as recurrent mania was very common. The total numbers of affective and manic episodes were significantly higher among those with recurrent mania and in cases where the first illness episode was manic.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Factors related to psychiatric hospitalisation for first contact patients.

In a consecutive series of 178 first contact patients hospitalisation was significantly related to greater distance travelled, low income, acute onset, short duration, past history of illness and history of substance abuse compared to those receiving outpatient disposition. Hospitalised manics and paranoid schizophrenics had higher BPRS scores while hospitalised non-paranoid schizophrenics had lower scores. There was a significant positive correlation between hospitalisation and BPRS items: grandiosity, excitement, elated mood, motor-hyperactivity and distractibility and negative correlation with somatic concern, anxiety, depressive mood and social incompetence. Stepwise multiple regression analysis found the combination of loss of functioning, social incompetence and grandiosity to best predict disposition decision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of ibuprofen in pediatric patients with fever.

We studied the efficacy of ibuprofen in 56 infants and children (age 0.5-12 years) with rectal temperature greater than or equal to 38.3 degrees C, using a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled design. Ibuprofen liquid was given as a single dose, 5 mg/kg to 18 patients (group I) and 10 mg/kg to 18 patients (group II); placebo was administered to 20 patients (group III). Temperature and vital signs were measured every 0.5-1.0 hours for 8 hours. Multiple blood samples were also collected over this period; ibuprofen plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC. The mean temperature was 38.3 degrees C in group I, 38.1 degrees C in group II, and 38.9 degrees C in group III during 8 hours after drug or placebo administration. The temperature was significantly lower in group I vs III (ibuprofen 5 mg/kg vs placebo) (p less than 0.0005), and group II vs III (ibuprofen 10 mg/kg vs placebo) (p less than 0.0001). The temperature was also markedly different for patients in group I vs II (ibuprofen 5 mg/kg vs ibuprofen 10 mg/kg) between 4 and 8 hours after the dose (p less than 0.01). The duration of action was longer for ibuprofen 10 mg/kg than 5 mg/kg. The mean maximum decrease from baseline temperature was 1.3 degrees C, 1.8 degrees C and 0.8 degrees C for group I, II and III, respectively. The maximum reduction in temperature occurred at 3-4 hours in the ibuprofen groups, and at 7 hours in the placebo group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1992

Role of soluble factors in immune and normal sera in the control of giardiasis due to Giardia lamblia.

Hyperimmune sera (HIS), raised against crude giardia antigen, on in vitro interaction, caused more agglutination of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Heat inactivated HIS possessed a comparable agglutinating activity as the non-inactivated controls. Non-inactivated normal (unimmunized) serum caused immobilization of Giardia trophozoite, which was checked on heat inactivation. Antibodies in immune sera are mainly responsible for agglutination, whereas the heat labile non-immune components control the mobility of the intestinal parasite.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1991

Intraoperative infectious disease exposure to otolaryngology operating room personnel.

Health care workers are at risk of exposure to serious infectious diseases. Since the seroconversion rate is approximately 0.4% for human immunodeficiency virus and may be greater than 20% for hepatitis exposure, these risks are substantial. To assess body fluid exposure to otolaryngology operating room personnel, elective operations were prospectively analyzed over 2 months. Statistical evaluation was made between types of cases and length of procedures. Thirty-eight contaminations occurred in 228 operations with 26 torn gloves, 1 soaked grown, 6 skin scratches, 4 skin punctures, and 1 ocular exposure. Exposure was more likely in cases longer than 3 hours. Independent of procedure length, head and neck operations carried the greatest risk, followed by otologic procedures, as compared to general, endoscopic, pediatric, and elective trauma cases. The impact of potential operative exposure and universal precautions is emphasized.

Blood↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in febrile children.

Ibuprofen may be an alternative to acetaminophen to control fever in children but little is known about its pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients. We studied 17 patients (age 3-10 yr) with fever; the most prevalent diagnoses were streptococcal pharyngitis and otitis media. Ibuprofen liquid was given as a single dose, 5 mg/kg (9 patients) or 10 mg/kg (8 patients). Multiple blood samples were collected over 8 hours and analyzed by HPLC. The maximum observed serum concentrations of ibuprofen ranged from 17-42 micrograms.ml-1 at 5 mg.kg-1 and 25-53 micrograms.ml-1 at 10 mg.kg-1 doses. Pharmacokinetics did not appear to be affected by ibuprofen dose. Mean tmax, oral clearance and elimination half life were 1.1 h, 1.2 ml.min-1.kg-1, and 1.6 h, respectively in patients at 5 mg.kg-1 doses; the corresponding values were 1.2 h, 1.4 ml.min-1.kg-1, and 1.6 h in those receiving 10 mg.kg-1 doses. There was no relationship between age and ibuprofen kinetics. No adverse effects occurred in any patients. These data suggest that ibuprofen pharmacokinetics may not be affected by dose between 5 and 10 mg/kg or age between 3 and 10 years.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Immunoclinical correlation in diabetes mellitus. A preliminary report on the lectin-agglutination test.

Twenty cases with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were studied and compared with a control group with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and another group of nondiabetic healthy persons. Lymphocytes of each group were tested for agglutination with three sets of lectins: concavalin A (ConA), soyabean agglutinin (SBA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA). SBA test, being highly positive in IDDM and persistently negative in NIDDM, is the most significant of the three tests for differentiating between the two types of diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Study of serum myoglobin and serum electrolytes in acute uncomplicated myocardial infarction.

Forty patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction were studied within 6-18 hours after the infarction. Serum myoglobin was elevated in all the cases and was markedly high in cases studied 18 hours after the acute infarction, though the level did not show any relation with the severity of the attack. Myoglobin level showed no correlation with SGOT level, which did not rise appreciably within 6 hours. Serum sodium and potassium levels did not show any change, even in the most severe cases. Serum myoglobin estimation is thus a good diagnostic test in the early hours of acute myocardial infarction.

Electrolytes↗
PubMed1990

Detection of thrombophlebitis with 111In-labeled anti-fibrin antibody: preliminary results.

Deep venous thrombosis remains a major medical problem, affecting a large segment of the population and resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. Current techniques available for detecting deep venous thrombosis present limitations that may mitigate their potential benefit to the patient. Invasive techniques, such as ascending contrast venography, carry risks to the patient with regard to complications such as an allergic reaction to an iodine dye, adverse effects to renal functions, and clot formation in a normal vein. Noninvasive techniques, such as Doppler ultrasound and impedance plethysmography, evaluate only a limited segment of the venous bed. The need remains for a diagnostic technique that is safe, accurate, and widely accessible. A readily available noninvasive scintigraphic technique utilizing radiolabeled monoclonal anti-fibrin antibody may overcome some of these shortcomings. This imaging examination is quite effective in detecting clots in the lower extremities. Compared to contrast venography, 111In-labeled anti-fibrin antibody imaging appears to be as sensitive in identifying acute venous thrombosis. In addition, the preliminary data indicate that anticoagulation with heparin may interfere with adequate visualization of the clots with this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Radiolabeled antifibrin antibody in the detection of venous thrombosis: preliminary results.

The recent development of monoclonal antibodies against components of coagulated blood may provide new approaches to the diagnosis of venous thrombosis. Scanning with an indium-111-labeled Fab fragment of a murine monoclonal antifibrin antibody (59D8) and ascending contrast venography were performed in 33 patients. Images of the calves, popliteal fossae, thighs, and pelvis were obtained immediately, 4-6 hours, and 24 hours after injection of 2 mCi (74 MBq) of the antibody. All images were read in a blinded manner. Findings in both studies were positive in 28 patients and negative in three. In 19 patients not undergoing heparin therapy, 19 specific anatomic sites were positive on venograms and 29 were positive on antibody images (19 sites matched). In 14 patients undergoing heparin therapy, 34 sites were positive on venograms and 27 were positive on antibody images (22 sites matched). In most patients, positive results were noted within 1 hour of antibody injection. No adverse effects were noted with the antibody preparation. Preliminary data suggest that antifibrin antibody imaging is sensitive in detecting clots, is safe to use, and may have a role in diagnosing and managing venous thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Monocyte/macrophage functions & humoral response in blood & bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Subsegmental bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 33 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and five control subjects. Phagocytosis by monocytes and alveolar macrophages was studied, and in addition serum and BAL immunoglobulin and complement levels were also determined. The phagocytic activity of blood monocytes was depressed in pulmonary tuberculosis patients as compared to controls, 37.8 +/- 2.3 per cent; 50.7 +/- 4.2 per cent and 32.9 +/- 3.6 per cent for sheep RBC's, latex and Staphylococcus aureus respectively compared to 66.7 +/- 6, 54.8 +/- 2.2 and 68.3 +/- 3.5 per cent respectively in controls; the differences being significant for sheep RBC's (P less than 0.05) and Staph. aureus (P less than 0.001). However, phagocytosis was not impaired in BAL macrophages (P greater than 0.05). In patients no significant alteration in serum immunoglobulin and complement levels was observed except that levels of C4 component of complement were increased in patients with far advanced lesions (98.5 +/- 33.7 mg/dl compared to 78.7 +/- 7.9 mg/dl; P less than 0.05). While IgM and C4 component of complement could not be detected in BAL fluid the levels of IgA were significantly increased in pulmonary tuberculosis patients (65.5 +/- 50.5 mg/dl compared to 39.9 +/- 13.3 mg/dl in control; P less than 0.05). Since IgA secreted in the BAL fluid is mostly synthesised locally, increased levels of this immunoglobulin could be of value in determining activity of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A clinico-pathologic study of pituitary adenomas.

One hundred patients of pituitary adenoma were studied using light microscopy, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and serum hormone estimation. Depending on the absence or presence of clinical endocrine manifestation they were divided into 2 groups 'non-functioning' (group I -48 patients) and 'hyper-functioning' (group II- 52 patients). Tumours in group I were chromophobes, some of which (group IA) had no hormone increase in serum nor detection in tissues and ultrastructurally they consisted of secretorily inactive cells (null cell adenomas) while others (group IB) were composed of secretorily active cells with prolactin consistently increased in serum and localized in tissue (lactotroph adenomas). Tumours in group II were chromophobe, acidophil, basophil or mixed adenomas with varying number of secretorily active cells in all. The hormone responsible for the hyperfunction was always raised in serum and localized in tissue. Thus growth hormone was demonstrated in all tumours from patients with acromegaly (somatotroph adenomas), prolactin in all tumours from patients with galactorrhea (lactotroph adenomas) and ACTH in all tumours from patients with Cushing's syndrome (corticotroph adenomas). It was observed, however, that 40 per cent of tumours were pleurihormonal, growth hormone and prolactin being the commonest combination. Interestingly, not all the hormones localized by immunohistochemistry in pleurihormonal adenomas were detected in serum and/or reflected in the clinical picture.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Enzyme levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) was found to be a useful index of cell damage. It has been observed that the enzymes in BALF could give an idea of cell damage in a pulmonary disease. Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase were assessed in mild, moderate, and severe pulmonary tuberculosis patients and Mantoux-negative normal controls. Activities of these enzymes were found to be higher in patients and were increasing with the severity of the disease. Increase in these enzymes in pulmonary tuberculosis patients could be attributed to lung tissue damage.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Naloxone: report of a beneficial side effect.

We report two cases. The first was an unexpected, complete resolution of an acute unilateral neurologic deficit associated with anesthesia when naloxone was administered to reverse residual narcotic effect. The second was a complete resolution of postoperative unilateral electroencephalographic evidence of ischemia after naloxone administration in a patient following a carotid endarterectomy. A literature search suggests that naloxone may be useful in the treatment of acute and hyperacute stroke due to ischemia.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Virulence of Giardia lamblia: an in vitro study on host-parasite interaction.

Trophozoites of G. lamblia, a human parasite, were lysed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) of healthy individuals during in vitro interaction. However, the parasite damaged PMNL of giardiasis patients. A prior treatment of giardia trophozoites with anti-giardia serum, caused agglutination of pathogen and, thereby, the cytotoxic capacity of the parasite was reduced. Interaction of giardia-trophozoites with peritoneal macrophage, derived from infected mouse, reduced the phagocytic activity of the latter to 43% (against 100% in control). Macrophage activity was, however, stimulated to 131% when the mice were immunized with giardia antigen prior to experimental infection. Giardia extract proved cytotoxic at a dose of 0.7 mg, to HeLa cells in tissue culture. These in vitro studies offer experimental evidence of the cytotoxic and immuno-toxic behaviour of G. lamblia towards the host cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex: facilitation and its relationship to a visual motor task.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex can evoke motor responses in small hand muscles. This response can be facilitated by a background muscle contraction of the target muscle, resulting in an enhanced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) with a shorter onset latency. A number of intracortical mechanisms may account for this facilitatory effect, including, in part, direct input from visual to motor cortex. We studied the facilitation produced by a visual-motor task and compared those results with the facilitation produced by the same task without the visual cues. No differences in facilitation of amplitude or latency were observed. This suggests that there is no direct influence exerted by the visual cortex upon those elements of the motor cortex activated by a tangential magnetic stimulus, i.e., corticocortical and corticospinal neurons and their processes. Also, the large majority of facilitation (90%) was produced by a very small background voluntary contraction (less than 5% of maximum), indicating that any mild-to-moderate contraction of the target muscles will produce a consistent response for clinical measurements.

Electromyography↗