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Biomedical subjects

N Goto

Publications and source records attributed to N Goto.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

v-maf, a viral oncogene that encodes a "leucine zipper" motif.

We have molecularly cloned the provirus of the avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma virus AS42. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a biologically active clone of AS42 showed that this virus encodes a viral oncogene, maf. The deduced amino acid sequence of the v-maf gene product contains a "leucine zipper" motif similar to that found in a number of DNA binding proteins, including the gene products of the fos, jun, and myc oncogenes. However, unlike these oncogenes, the cellular maf gene was not transcriptionally activated by growth stimulation of cultured cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Serovars, antimicrobial resistance and conjugative R plasmids of Salmonella isolated from human during the period of 1966-1986 in Tokyo. Research Group for Infectious Enteric Diseases].

We examined 4,739 isolates of Salmonella isolated from patients with gastroenteritis during the period of 1966-1986 in Tokyo for the incidences of serovars, antibiotic resistance and conjugative R plasmids. The period of study was divided into three: 1966-73 (early period), 1974-79 (middle period), and 1980-86 (late period). The predominant serovars were S. typhimurium (34.3%), Infantis (5.6%), Panama (4.9%) in the middle period, S. typhimurium (31.7%), Paratyphi B (9.4%), Litchfield (7.3%) in the late period. These results were consistent with serovars of isolates from healthy citizens. The frequency of resistant isolates was as high as 86.9% in the early period, mostly streptomycin (SM)- and tetracycline (TC)-resistant isolates, but decreased significantly in the middle and the late periods, to 53.3 and 39.4%, respectively. The percentages of ampicillin (ABPC)-, chloramphenicol (CP)-, and kanamycin (KM)-resistant isolates increased in the late period. Strains carrying conjugative R plasmids were isolated as frequently as 57.8% of the total isolates in 1973, but as less frequently as 6.7% in 1981 indicating that the rate was roughly proportional to the incidence of the drug resistant isolates. The rate, however, increased gradually after 1981. The predominant resistance pattern of the R plasmids was TC-resistance in the early period, gradually changed into multiple and finally to AP-, CP-, KM-, SM-, TC- and sulfonamides-resistance in the late period.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed1989

Skin reaction to lipids from avirulent strain Shibaura of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni.

Sonically disrupted cells from avirulent strain Shibaura of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni induced a skin reaction characterized by infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) associated with some edema in guinea pigs. To determine the substance inducing infiltration of PMN, lipids of avirulent strain Shibaura were extracted with chloroform--methanol--water after washing with acetone. The lipids comprised 28% of the dry weight of the cell. When the lipids were further separated into water--methanol and chloroform fractions, the most severe PMN infiltration of all samples was seen in the skin inoculated with extract recovered from the chloroform fraction. Neutral and polar lipids were detected after thin-layer chromatography of the chloroform extract. Neutral lipids were detected as free fatty acids (FFA). Fatty acids contained in polar lipids were mainly palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid, whereas FFA comprised 66.5% oleic acid. Skin reactions consisting of marked edema with mild infiltration of PMN were elicited by FFA. There was no obvious difference between a commercially available FFA mixture and the FFA from avirulent strain Shibaura. These observations suggest that FFA may play some role in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Development of the human hypoglossal nucleus: a morphometric study.

Development of the human hypoglossal nucleus was studied using complete serial sections of the brains of 9 fetuses at 16, 18, 21, 23, 27, 32, 33, 35 and 40 weeks of gestation, a 2-month-old infant, a 16-year-old adolescent and a 63-year-old adult. Morphometric analysis produced the following three findings pertaining to the development of the human hypoglossal nucleus: (1) development may accelerate after 32 weeks of gestation; (2) postnatal maturation is observable, and (3) natural cell death, as indicated by a decrease in the number of neurons and the appearance of degenerating neurons, may occur during fetal development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Development of human cerebellar nuclei. Morphometric study.

The morphometric development of the human cerebellar nuclei was examined in 9 fetuses (16-40 weeks of gestation; WG), an infant (2 months old) and 2 adults (16 and 63 years old). With the morphological observation of serial sections of the brain containing the cerebellar nuclei, the authors measured sections to get several morphometric parameters: the volume of nuclear column and number, packing density and cell body area of neurons. Each nucleus (dentate, emboliform, globose and fastigial nucleus) was recognized even at 16 WG. Nerve cells containing Nissl bodies were observed in all nuclei after 23 WG. Degenerative changes were detected in some neurons for every nucleus at 21 and 23 WG. Three stages were observed in the developmental course of nuclear volume and neuronal packing density: the primary or undifferentiated stage at 16 WG, the secondary stage with variability at 21-32 WG and the tertiary stage with monotonous increase (nuclear volume) or gradual decrease (neuronal packing density) after 35 WG. No significant correlation between neuronal number and gestational age was noticed for every nucleus. The analysis of cell body area (neuronal size) demonstrated that the dentate neurons developed after the intermediate or fastigial neurons. It is concluded that there is a critical period between slightly before 20 WG and slightly after 30 WG, matched with the secondary stage in the development of the cerebellar nuclei.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Nerve fiber analysis of the facial nerve.

Nerve fiber analyses were conducted on the human facial nerve with use of a new staining method (Luxol-PAS-hematoxylin stain; discriminative staining method) that permits simultaneous observation of the axon and surrounding myelin sheath. The following combination of equipment was employed in the study: an image-analyzing digitizer, a microscope with a drawing tube, and a computer for storing the data and performing statistical analyses. The numbers, transverse areas, and circularity ratios of axons were measured in 11 cases. The average number of axons composing one facial nerve was 6,254, and the average size of the axons was 6.23 microns 2. The results indicated that although the numbers of axons became reduced with age, the transverse areas and circularity ratios of the axons did not change with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Growth curves of body weight changes in laboratory-bred female African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops)].

Nonlinear growth models having three or four parameter family were applied to individual weight data of female African green monkeys for estimating their growth pattern. The body weight was measured continuously from birth to six years of age with five female laboratory-bred monkeys. A total of 95 weight data were collected from each monkey. The average body weight was 330 g with the standard deviation of +/- 15 g at birth, and 2.71 +/- 0.33 kg at four years of age. The body weight of female African green monkeys was judged to reach a plateau after about four years of age. Five growth models (Gompertz, Logistic, Richards, Bertalanffy, Brody) were applied to these weight to age data. The most suitable coefficient of determination between growth data and growth model was obtained by the application of Gompertz equation. Three parameters of Gompertz equation, mature size (A), rate of maturing (K) and inflexion point (e-1 A) were analyzed in relation to age of menarche. Strong correlations between age of menarche and maturing rate, as well as between age of menarche and inflexion point were observed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Reference value of glutamic transaminase to prevent non-A non-B post-transfusion hepatitis].

GPT is currently used as a surrogate test for detection of the non-A, non-B carrier state. Among the patients who received the blood at least one blood unit from donor with relatively high level of GPT (26-35 KU), incidence of post-transfusion NANB hepatitis was higher than that of the patients who received only blood with low level of GPT (less than or equal to 25 KU). It is expected that introduction of lower GPT cut-off value will substantially reduce the incidence of post-transfusion NANB hepatitis. We reviewed several factors, such as gender, age and body weight that could potentially affect GPT activity, using the data of 40,967 regular blood donors for GPT who donated at Fukuoka Red Cross Blood Center from October to November, 1987. The upper limit of normal GPT for males is significantly higher than that of females. GPT values in both males and females progressively increase with the age and body weight. It would therefore seem that gender, age and body weight should be taken into account in resetting of GPT cut-off values to prevent post-transfusion NANB hepatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Novel method for the preparation of sterile collagen-agarose-plates for isolating collagenolytic bacteria.

An assay method for bacterial collagenase using sterile collagen-agarose plates was developed to isolate collagenolytic bacteria. In order to avoid heat-denaturation of collagen, the plates were made at 37 degrees C mixing microwave-sterilized collagen with low melting point-agarose. Sensitivities to various proteases were tested on the plates; it was shown that whereas the collagen in these plates was digested only by the collagenases, the collagen could also be hydrolyzed by other proteolytic enzymes if it had been either sterilized by ethylene oxide or solidified with conventional agar at a higher temperature. Colonies of Clostridium histolyticum cells grown on the plates had clear zones around them and their collagenase activities could be readily detected.

Agar↗
PubMed1989

[Development of the human fetal brain: volumetric analysis of the component parts].

Development of human fetus brain was morphometrically evaluated through measuring volumes of the cerebrum and its component parts (i.e. cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, basal ganglia, diencephalon, ventricles, embryonal periventricular cell layer, etc.) in the second trimester of gestational period. For the measurement of volumes, authors employed a unique method which consisted of a combination of serial celloidin sections, electric image-analyzer and computer. We found that each component part of fetus brain developed heterochronously from the view point of volumetric analyses. In the component parts of cerebrum, diencephalon developed first, followed by subcortical white matter and ganglia, and cerebral cortex developed last. It is concluded that a combined method of serial sections, image-analyzer and computer analyses is reliable and useful to obtain more precise and objective information for the morphometrical evaluation of brain development.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

[Development of the human facial nucleus: a morphometric study].

The development of the human facial nucleus was studied using complete serial sections of the brains of 8 fetuses at 21, 23, 27, 30, 33, 34, 35, and 40 weeks of gestation, a 2-month-old infant and a 63-year-old adult. Morphometric analysis adopting a microscope, an electronic planimeter and a computer revealed the following three points as to the development of the human facial nucleus. (1) The size of neurons, the amount of Nissl body, the length of processes and neuropil increased gradually after 30 weeks of gestation. (2) The facial nucleus was divided cytoarchitectonically into dorsal, medial, intermediate, ventromedial, ventrolateral and lateral subnuclei at 21 weeks of gestation onwards. The mean neuronal size of the medial subnucleus was smaller than that of other subnuclei. (3) The number of neurons was practically the same regardless of age. At 21 and 33 weeks of gestation, 10% of total neurons was degenerated.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1989

Enterohepatitis in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) inoculated perorally with Tyzzer's organism (Bacillus piliformis).

Enterohepatitis was produced in Mongolian gerbils by intragastric inoculation with Tyzzer's organism from natural infection of a gerbil. Death occurred in 50 to 60% animals 5 to 7 days postinoculation (p.i.). On day 3 p.i., when a few necrotic foci appeared in the liver, a large amount of bacterial antigen was present within ileocecal enterocytes and reticuloendothelial cells of the Peyer's patches. Neutrophil and monocyte infiltration was found in the lamina propria. On day 5 or 6 p.i. there was severe necrotizing and hemorrhagic ileotyphlocolitis. Bacterial antigen was abundant within not only enterocytes, but also smooth muscle cells of the ileum and jejunum as well as reticular cells of the mesenteric lymph nodes. On day 7 p.i. the intestinal lesions subsided in the presence of fewer bacteria, while necrotizing hepatitis became well developed. The results indicated that Mongolian gerbils were highly susceptible to the oral route of infection with the Tyzzer's organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Two cases of calcified cysts of the spleen.

Presented in this paper are two cases of calcified cyst of the spleen. The first case is an epidermoid cyst of a 20-year-old male who visited our hospital because of vomiting and epigastric discomfort. The second case is a pseudocyst of a 38-year-old male who was referred to our hospital for evaluation of an abdominal mass. Both patients had no history of abdominal trauma. Linear or curvelinear calcification was revealed in the left epigastric region in the plain X-ray films of the abdomen. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and selective celiac angiography led to the diagnosis of a cyst of the spleen, and surgical operations were performed because the cysts were large and symptomatic. Splenic cyst is a relatively rare disease. However, the cases including asymptomatic cases with small cyst have been increasing in number with the improvement of diagnostic methods and the common use of ultrasonography and computed tomography. In Japanese literatures, 332 cases had been reported by 1983.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Development of the human motor trigeminal nucleus.

The morphometric features of the motor trigeminal nucleus of the developing human brain were examined using complete serial celloidin sections of 13 brains, including 10 fetal brains. Our results suggest that the developmental processes of the motor trigeminal nucleus should be divided into four stages as follows: (1) primary stage, characterized by the early neuronal differentiation; (2) secondary or preparatory stage; (3) tertiary stage, characterized by massive neuronal death, and (4) postnatal stage, characterized by the maturation of neuropils. There were differences between the neuronal death observed in human and animal brains. Possible implications of these observations for the development of the nervous system are discussed.

Adolescent↗