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Biomedical subjects

N Garber

Publications and source records attributed to N Garber.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

OSHA regulations: how they relate to ophthalmic practice.

The OSHA regulations, which took effect March 6, 1992, require that all employees be trained in infection control practices when they are hired, their job description changes, or the standards for universal precautions are revised. An explanation, provided to inform employees where a copy of the OSHA standard can be reviewed should be available at each clinical and surgical site, and OSHA regulation definitions must also be posted. The OSHA regulation applies to any clinical, housekeeping, or administrative staff that has any potential risk of exposure to blood or other potentially infectious substances.

Humans↗
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Health promotion and disease prevention in ophthalmology.

There is a new trend in the US government's perception regarding health care today. It involves an increased awareness of how disease can be prevented and health promoted. The US government is supporting this concept with its Healthy People 2000 project. Specific pediatric concerns about health promotion and disease prevention in ophthalmology include amblyopia and strabismus, ophthalmia neonatorum, ocular trauma, radiation injury, xerophthalmia, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, infections and metabolic and genetic disorders. Adult health promotion/disease prevention priorities include glaucoma; trauma; diabetic retinopathy; corneal problems; iatrogenic infections; exposure keratitis; ocular toxicity from drugs, chemicals, and the environment; visual loss from neglect; and those mentioned in the pediatric area.

Academies and Institutes↗
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The Bright Eyes Project: a 20-year effort to prevent blindness.

The Bright Eyes Project is a unique collaboration between medicine, public government, and a non-profit society. The project was prompted by concern that there was a high prevalence of undetected or untreated eye problems in the elderly. The objective was to detect ocular pathology, especially in those patients not currently receiving eye care. The project succeeded in providing a mechanism for free full ophthalmic examinations to the elderly at risk. In addition, the vast numbers seen in the project provide valuable statistics on common eye pathology in the individuals over 55 years of age.

Blindness↗
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Calculating combined prism for spectacle prescriptions.

1. Combined prisms are required when correction incorporates vertical and horizontal strengths in one lens. 2. Calculations of the resultant prism power requires diagramming the vertical and horizontal vectors and drawing the resultant diagonal vector. The power is either derived from the Pythagorean Theorem or measured on graph paper. 3. The resultant prism base direction or axis designation is calculated from an equation or measured directly off the diagram with a protractor.

Equipment Design↗
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The decline of Braille.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Communication Devices for People with Disabilities↗
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Evaluating diplopia with the Maddox rod, Risley's prism, and red glass.

1. Using Maddox rod, Risley's prism, and red glass techniques can provide the doctor with the information needed to diagnose the reasons for diplopia. 2. The Maddox rod and Risley's prism help to determine misalignment in primary position. The red glass test provides valuable information on the type of muscle problems in all other fields of gaze. 3. Both tests should be used for any patient complaining about recent symptoms of diplopia.

Diplopia↗
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Tangent screen perimetry (continuing education credit).

1. Tangent screen perimetry evaluates the central 30 degrees field at 1 m. The test is done on each eye separately, with the opposite eye patched. Testing at 2 m expands the field defects to twice their 1-meter size so that only 12 degrees to 15 degrees of central field is evaluated. 2. Maintain constant monitoring of the patient's fixation throughout the entire testing procedure. Move the target from nonseeing to seeing areas. Move along the stitched meridians at a constant speed of 5 degrees per second. Do not test directly on the vertical or horizontal meridians. 3. Test the fields using the appropriate screening protocols. Consider the Armaly/Drance protocol for glaucoma and vertical meridian mapping for neurologic problems. To maintain consistency in visual field interpretation, use standard color coding to document the size of the targets.

Documentation↗
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Fulfilling record-keeping requirements mandated in OSHA regulations.

1. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires implementation of an Exposure Control Plan (ECP) that details occupational health risks and how to avoid them, and documents all incidents that meet reporting requirements. 2. There are seven appendices that should be attached to any ECP, including a copy of OSHA regulations and related definitions, which is required by the OSHA Standard on Bloodborne Pathogens. 3. The six other appendices (Exposure Determination; Methods of Compliance; Post (hepatitis B)-Exposure Evaluation and Follow-Up; Communicating Hazards to Employees Through Training; Record Keeping; and Timetable of Compliance) are essential to maintenance of proper records and to compliance with OSHA regulations.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
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OSHA regulations on universal precautions: a sample training curriculum.

1. Training must be provided to each newly hired employee before that employee can work in a risk environment. Current staff must be trained annually, and additional training must be provided when infection control or universal precaution techniques are revised. 2. Training should include written material, oral presentations, films, videos, computer programs, and audio tapes at the employee's educational, literacy, and language level. Interactive discussion between the trainer and employees is required. 3. Employee evaluation should consist of written pretraining and posttraining tests and a practical demonstration of steps to protect against infectious diseases in the workplace.

Curriculum↗