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Biomedical subjects

N Buchanan

Publications and source records attributed to N Buchanan.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Serum and salivary digoxin concentrations in children.

Serum and salivary digoxin concentrations were measured in 53 children and correlated with ECG variables and serum potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations. In 73% of patients cardiac failure was controlled, while only 7,5% of patients had serum digoxin concentrations within the 'therapeutic range'. It is proposed that the adult therapeutic range of 1-2 ng/ml is not applicable to children, who can be controlled at lower concentrations and/or that a significant proportion of the children studied no longer required maintenance digoxin therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Self-medication in a developing country.

An interracial study on self-medication, including over-the-counter medication, as assessed by medications kept in the home, was carried out among a group of White, Indian and Black patients of differing sociocultural backgrounds. Whites had the most medications in their homes followed by urban Blacks, Indians and rural Blacks. The White section of the population appears to be as 'drug-dependent' as their counterparts elsewhere; the chain of events leading to this situation appears to be: sophistication + drug availability + social pressures = drug-dependence.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1979

Isoniazid pharmacokinetics in kwashiorkor.

Isoniazid plasma half-life and clearance rates were studied in children with kwashiorkor before and after nutritional rehabilitation. Isoniazid half-life rates fell and clearance increased with nutritional rehabilitation. The changes documented in this report are not an indication that isoniazid therapy should be altered in malnourished children, but may indicate that this should be done in malnourished adults.

Half-Life↗
PubMed1979

Where have all the CVP catheters gone?

This article simply serves to illustrate how easily central venous catheters may be misplaced and to emphasize the need for radiological control of catheter placement.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1979

Factors influencing drug compliance in ambulatory Black urban patients.

The present study was designed to ascertain the causes of patient non-compliance among 150 urban Black patients. Three groups of patients were studied: those with acute illnesses, a chronic asymptomatic group and a chronic symptomatic group. The incidence of causes of non-compliance was found to be similar to that described in other population groups. A variety of faults in the health care delivery system has been pin-pointed and is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Antipyrine elimination in critically ill patients.

Antipyrine kinetics were studied in 12 critically ill patients. Antipyrine half life was found to be short (6.5 +/- 3.4 h), this did not alter over 4 days of acute illness, although there was a tendency for antipyrine clearance to decrease over that time period. The need for further pharmacological studies in critically ill patients is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Penicillin pharmacokinetics in kwashiorkor.

Intravenous penicillin kinetics have been studied in eight children with kwashiorkor on admission to hospital and when rehabilitated. A 75% increase in penicillin clearance was observed with recovery, associated with a fall in half-life; this was probably due to an improvement of both renal plasma flow and tubular function. The present observations and those of other authors working in this area are discussed and an approach to drug dosage of renally excreted drugs in kwashiorkor has been proposed.

Half-Life↗
PubMed1979

Antipyrine pharmacokinetics and D-glucaric excretion in kwashiorkor.

Hepatic microsomal oxidation and glucuronidation were studied in 15 children with kwashiorkor on admission to the hospital and again after 3 weeks of nutritional rehabilitation. Microsomal oxidation as measured by antipyrine half-life and clearance was shown to be depressed in the acute phase of malnutrition (T 1/2 = 7.9 +/- 5.0 hr, clearance = 8.4 +/- 5.1 ml/min) improving with nutritional rehabilitation (T 1/2 = 4.3 +/- 2.3 hr, clearance = 15.5 +/- 8.7 ml/min). Urinary D-glucaric acid excretion increased from 60.6 +/- 42.2 mumoles/24 hr to 121.8 +/- 105.0 mumoles/24 hr over the same time period. Evidence is thus presented that both hepatic microsomal oxidation and glucuronidation are depressed in the acute phase of kwashiorkor but recover with nutritional rehabilitation.

Antipyrine↗
PubMed1979

Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in kwashiorkor.

1 Single dose intravenous gentamicin kinetics (2.4 mg/kg) were studied in six children with kwashiorkor. It was observed, that therapeutic drug concentrations were achieved which should be neither oto- nor nephrotoxic. 2 Due to the diminished glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow seen in the acute phase of kwashiorkor, gentamicin half-life was prolonged (229.0 +/- 94.8 min) at this time returning to normal (178.5 +/- 99.5 min) with nutritional rehabilitation.

Adult↗