Biomedical subjects

Mats Bende

Publications and source records attributed to Mats Bende.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Substance and tongue-region specific loss in basic taste-quality identification in elderly adults.

Physiological anorexia, decreased dietary variation, and weight loss associated with poor health are common conditions in the elderly population, with changes in chemosensory perception as important contributing causes. The present study of age-related taste loss aimed to investigate the question whether this loss is generalised and unspecific, or whether it exhibits differences in relation to certain tastants and/or differences in the topographical distribution of age-related loss. Impregnated "taste strips" with four concentrations of each of the tastants sucrose, NaCl, quinine-hydrochloride, and citric acid were applied on the tip, midlateral and posteromedial tongue regions to be identified as either sweet, salty, bitter, or sour by 30 young and 26 elderly adults. The results showed more pronounced age-related loss in identification for citric acid and quinine-hydrochloride than for sucrose and NaCl at both the tip and midlateral regions, but not at the posteromedial region where both age groups performed close to chance level. These findings may have implications for food preferences, and thus, the diets of elderly people.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Do topical nasal decongestants affect polyps?

CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that decongestants reduce the size of nasal polyps could not be verified. Decongestion is therefore recommended prior to nasal endoscopy, especially in polyp diagnosis, as it does not artificially change the size of the polyps. OBJECTIVE: The role of nasal decongestants in nasal stuffiness is well established and their action is well known. Decongestants are also used prior to nasal endoscopy to achieve a better view of the nasal cavity in order to diagnose polyps. The question is whether this decongestion invalidates the estimation of polyp size in clinical and scientific practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of topical decongestants on polyp extension in patients with nasal polyposis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The effect of the decongestants nafazoline and epinephrine on nasal polyp size was assessed by means of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study. A sensitive endoscopic scoring system, lateral imaging, was used to assess the size and extension of the nasal polyps. RESULTS: No significant effect of decongestion on polyp size could be found for either treatment.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed2006

Prevalence of upper and lower airway symptoms: the Skövde population-based study.

CONCLUSION: This study was able to present representative data from Sweden as a whole and illuminates the epidemiological background of symptoms of the upper and lower airways. Current regular smokers, compared with non-smokers, had more problems with nasal blockage, cough and asthma. The relationship between the upper and lower airways was confirmed as regards airway symptoms. BACKGROUND: Epidemiology of common respiratory symptoms is basic information in health care. This study has focused on the prevalence of upper and lower airway symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A random sample of 1900 age- and gender-stratified adults was recruited from a general population for this study, which included a structured interview about symptoms of nasal secretions and blockage, cough and asthma, and a clinical examination with nasal endoscopy, and peak nasal-inspiratory flow (PNIF). Smoking habits were evaluated by a questionnaire for current and previous smoking. RESULTS: A response rate of 73% was achieved. The prevalence of various symptoms varied between age strata and gender. There was a statistically significant relationship between subjectively experienced nasal blockage and objectively observed nasal congestion. PNIF was negatively related to age and height and was increased in male gender. Smoking was most common among females and related to nasal blockage, cough and asthma, but not to nasal secretions. Significant relationships between the upper and lower airways were found.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Role of the upper airways in patients with chronic cough.

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Chronic cough can be caused by a number of factors, including infections, rhinosinusitis, asthma and environmental stimuli. This paper reviews recent findings and opinions regarding the role played by the upper airways in chronic cough. RECENT FINDINGS: Chronic cough has a significant impact on quality of life, which is more pronounced in women. In Western countries, the reported occurrence of rhinosinusitis in patient groups with chronic cough ranges from 8% to 81%. Allergic rhinitis is a risk factor for later development of asthma. In children, bronchiectasis is combined with upper airway abnormalities in the majority of cases. Increased expression of the capsaicin receptor subtype named 'transient receptor potential vanilloid-1', which correlates with capsaicin cough response, has been identified in patients with chronic cough. Patients with airway chemical sensitivity and chronic cough as one symptom have augmented capsaicin cough sensitivity that is related to changed levels of nerve growth factor in nasal lavage. SUMMARY: Involvement of the upper airways in chronic cough has been confirmed in several studies. However, there are considerable differences between different health centres in the occurrence of rhinosinusitis as a cause of chronic cough. In patients with chronic cough of various causes, a neurochemical alteration in both the upper and the lower airways appears to have taken place, followed by increased cough sensitivity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Relationship between self-reported odor intolerance and sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin: proposed definition of airway sensory hyperreactivity and estimation of its prevalence.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the behavioral consequences of self-reported odor sensitivity with the chemical sensitivity scale for sensory hyperreactivity (CSS-SHR) and cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin. We also wanted to estimate the prevalence of airway sensory hyperreactivity (SHR), which was defined as a positive CSS-SHR score in combination with a positive capsaicin inhalation test result. DESIGN: A general population-based study with randomly selected individuals after stratification for age and gender. SETTING: Skövde Central Hospital, Departments of Lung Medicine and Otorhinolaryngology, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 693 randomly selected individuals from a population-based study in which 595 persons (86%) responded to the CSS-SHR questionnaire. INTERVENTIONS: The individuals were divided into four groups with different odor sensitivity according to their CSS-SHR score. Of these, 137 individuals were randomly recruited for the capsaicin inhalation test. Capsaicin inhalation was performed with concentrations of 0.4 and 2.0 mumol/L in a randomized order. The number of coughs were registered and counted for 10 min from the start of each inhalation. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Of the 137 individuals who were recruited for the capsaicin inhalation test, 103 (75%) participated. Sixteen individuals had increased cough sensitivity and fulfilled the criteria for a positive capsaicin inhalation test result. Of the individuals with a positive capsaicin inhalation test result, > 80% also had a positive CSS-SHR score. Only 5% of the individuals with a negative CSS-SHR score had a positive capsaicin inhalation test result. The order of inhaled capsaicin concentration was found to influence the results. The prevalence of SHR with the definition given above was estimated to be 6.3% in this general population. CONCLUSIONS: A high CSS-SHR score was found to be directly related to the sensitivity for inhaled capsaicin, which made it possible to relate subjective data to objective findings.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed2005

Chemosensory perception and event-related potentials in self-reported chemical hypersensitivity.

Anormal chemosensory perception has been identified as a possible mechanism underlying odor intolerance, but research in this domain has yet been rather limited. The main objective of the present study was to investigate total perceived intensity, unpleasantness, sensory irritation, and cortical activity assessed with chemosensory event-related potentials (ERPs) for three concentrations of pyridine ranging from predominantly olfactory to trigeminal in activation. Results from 19 individuals with self-reported chemical hypersensitivity and 19 controls with self-reported normal chemical sensitivity show that the hypersensitive group, compared to controls, rated the pyridine stimuli to be more intense and unpleasant, and that these group differences increased with pyridine concentration. Sensory irritation was also the perceptual dimension found to correlate strongest with score on the chemical sensitivity scale. However, no group differences were found in ERP amplitudes or latencies. These findings suggest that self-reported chemical hypersensitivity (1) can be associated with anormal chemosensory perception, (2) may be more closely related to trigeminal function than to olfaction, and (3) has a neural basis at a higher cortical level than that captured by chemosensory ERPs.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Changes in levels of nerve growth factor in nasal secretions after capsaicin inhalation in patients with airway symptoms from scents and chemicals.

Patients complaining of upper and lower airway symptoms caused by scents and chemicals have previously been shown to have increased cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin, but the precise mechanisms behind this reaction are unknown. Hypothesizing that a neurochemical alteration related to sensory hyperreactivity (SHR) of the airway mucosa occurs, we measured levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in nasal lavage fluid (NAL) before and after capsaicin inhalation provocations and related the capsaicin cough sensitivity to the NGF levels. Thirteen patients with SHR and 14 control subjects were provoked with capsaicin inhalation at three different doses. We measured NGF in NAL before and after provocation and recorded cough and capsaicin-induced symptoms. All subjects demonstrated a dose-dependent cough response to capsaicin inhalation, with a more pronounced effect in patients than in controls. Basal levels of NGF were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control subjects (p < 0.01). After capsaicin provocation, the patients showed a significant increase in NGF (p < 0.01), which was related to capsaicin cough sensitivity. The findings demonstrate that, in patients with airway symptoms induced by scents and chemicals, SHR is real and measurable, demonstrating a pathophysiology in the airways of these patients compared to healthy subjects.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed2004

A short Chemical Sensitivity Scale for assessment of airway sensory hyperreactivity.

OBJECTIVES: A short version of the 21-item Chemical Sensitivity Scale (CSS), called the Chemical Sensitivity Scale for Sensory Hyperreactivity (CSS-SHR), was developed and evaluated for the quantifying of self-reported affective reactions to and behavioral disruptions in daily activities by odorous/pungent substances among patients with sensory hyperreactivity (SHR) for clinical and epidemiological studies. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with clinically diagnosed SHR and 124 control participants responded to the CSS and to additional questions about chemical sensitivity for the evaluation of the CSS-SHR. RESULTS: Eleven of the 21 items of the CSS were selected, on statistical grounds, to constitute the CSS-SHR, which was found to generate approximately normal distributions, have good test-retest reliability (r(xy)=0.87), satisfying internal consistency (r(alpha)=0.76-0.84) and predictive and concurrent validity, and to be uni-dimensional. The metric properties of the CSS-SHR were, despite its few items, comparable with those of the CSS. A proposed diagnostic cut-off score for SHR demonstrated a high correct classification rate (92%) for the CSS-SHR. CONCLUSIONS: The favorable metric properties of the CSS-SHR and its sensitivity/specificity suggests that it is useful for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological study of sensory hyperreactivity in combination with other diagnostic tools.

Bronchial Hyperreactivity↗

PubMed2004

Prevalence of self-reported poor odor detection sensitivity: the Skövde population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To enable adequate planning of ENT healthcare it is important to know the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the general population. Whether an individual will actually seek medical attention for olfactory dysfunction is likely to depend predominantly on his/her self-evaluation of the sense of smell. This motivated an investigation of the prevalences of self-reported poorer- and better-than-normal odor detection sensitivity in the general population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A random sample of 1900 adult inhabitants, stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register of Skövde, Sweden. Subjects were asked to attend a structured interview concerning their self-evaluation of their odor detection sensitivity. RESULTS: In total, 1387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The overall prevalences of self-reported poorer- and better-than normal odor detection sensitivity were 15.3% and 17.4%, respectively. The prevalence of poorer sensitivity was found to increase with age, and the prevalence of better sensitivity was lower in men than women. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the fairly high participation rate in this study and the fact that the population of Skövde is representative of the general Swedish population, the obtained prevalences can be considered representative of the general Swedish adult population.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction: the skövde population-based study.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Patients with olfactory dysfunction appear repeatedly in ear, nose, and throat practices, but the prevalence of such problems in the general adult population is not known. Therefore, the objectives were to investigate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in an adult Swedish population and to relate dysfunction to age, gender, diabetes mellitus, nasal polyps, and smoking habits. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study. METHODS: A random sample of 1900 adult inhabitants, who were stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register of Skövde, Sweden. Subjects were called to clinical visits that included questions about olfaction, diabetes, and smoking habits. Examination was performed with a smell identification test and nasal endoscopy. RESULTS: In all, 1387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The overall prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 19.1%, composed of 13.3% with hyposmia and 5.8% with anosmia. A logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between impaired olfaction and aging, male gender, and nasal polyps, but not diabetes or smoking. In an analysis of a group composed entirely of individuals with anosmia, diabetes mellitus and nasal polyps were found to be risk factors, and gender and smoking were not. CONCLUSION: The sample size of the population-based study was adequate, with a good fit to the entire population, which suggests that it was representative for the Swedish population. Prevalence data for various types of olfactory dysfunction could be given with reasonable precision, and suggested risk factors analyzed. The lack of a statistically significant relationship between olfactory dysfunction and smoking may be controversial.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Prevalence of nasal polyps in adults: the Skövde population-based study.

Patients with nasal polyps present repeatedly in otorhinolaryngology practices, but the prevalence of nasal polyps in the general population is not known. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of nasal polyps in an adult Swedish population in relation to age, gender, asthma, and aspirin intolerance. A random sample of 1,900 inhabitants over the age of 20 years, stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register in Skövde, Sweden, in December 2000. The subjects were called to clinical visits that included questions about rhinitis, asthma, and aspirin intolerance and examination by nasal endoscopy. In total, 1,387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The sample size was adequate, with a good fit to the whole population. The prevalence of nasal polyps was 2.7% (95% confidence interval, 1.9-3.5), and polyps were more frequent in men (2.2 to 1), the elderly (5% at > or = 60 years of age), and asthmatics. Subjective symptoms of aspirin intolerance were not found to correlate with polyps. Nasal polyps were more common in adults than was stated by the a priori estimate. The Skövde population-based study is considered representative for the Swedish population.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Prevalence of nasal septal perforation: the Skövde population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with nasal septal perforation appear from time to time in Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) practices, but the prevalence in a general population is not known. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the prevalence of nasal septal perforation in an adult Swedish population, and to relate septal perforation to possible risk factors, such as age, gender, diabetes mellitus, nasal polyps, and smoking. METHODS: A random sample of 1,900 inhabitants over the age of 20, stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register in Skövde, Sweden, in December 2000. Subjects were called to clinical visits that included questions about diabetes and smoking habits. Nasal endoscopy was performed and, when a perforation was observed, the size was measured. RESULTS: In total, 1,387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The sample size was adequate, with a good fit to the whole population. The prevalence of nasal septal perforation was 0.9% [95% CI 0.5-1.6%]. Nasal polyps was a possible risk factor, odds ratio of 11.5 [95% CI 3.0-43.5], but not age, gender, diabetes, or smoking. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of nasal septal perforation was found to be less than 1% in an adult population.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

A randomized comparison of the effects of budesonide and mometasone furoate aqueous nasal sprays on nasal peak flow rate and symptoms in perennial allergic rhinitis.

BACKGROUND: Using conventional methods, it has been difficult to show differences in efficacy between intranasal corticosteroids in perennial rhinitis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of budesonide and mometasone on nasal symptoms and nasal airflow in perennial allergic rhinitis. METHODS: Four hundred thirty-eight patients (age > 18 years old) were randomized to budesonide, 256 microg or 128 microg, mometasone furoate 200 microg, or placebo, once daily for 4 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by nasal index score (NIS; the sum of scores for blocked nose, runny nose, and itchy nose/sneezing) and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF). RESULTS: All three active treatments significantly reduced the NIS compared with placebo. There was no significant difference between the treatments, although the effect of budesonide, 256 microg, tended to be greater than that of the other regimens. PNIF was significantly improved with all three active treatments: the effect of budesonide 256 microg on morning and evening PNIF was significantly greater than that of mometasone furoate and 128 microg budesonide. Budesonide had a rapid onset of action, showing a significantly greater effect on evening PNIF than mometasone furoate during the first 10 days. For all active treatments, significant improvements in NIS were seen within 4 hours of the first dose. All three treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The objective parameter PNIF was capable of demonstrating greater efficacy of budesonide 256 microg compared with budesonide 128 microg and mometasone furoate 200 microg, whereas the combined nasal symptom score could only distinguish active treatment from placebo.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed2002

Increased capsaicin cough sensitivity in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity.

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterized by chemically induced symptoms from multiple organ systems. No consistent physical findings or laboratory abnormalities have been determined for the associated symptoms. Twelve patients with chemically induced airway symptoms, who satisfied Cullen's criteria for MCS, were provoked double-blind, randomized with saline and three increments of inhaled capsaicin. The recordings were compared with those of a control group of healthy individuals. The results found that the patients coughed more than the control subjects at each dose of capsaicin (P < 0.05 for 0.4 mumol/L capsaicin and P < 0.005 for 2 mumol/L and 10 mumol/L). The capsaicin provocation also induced significantly more symptoms in patients with MCS. We conclude that airway sensory reactivity is increased in patients with MCS, a finding which suggests that neurogenic factors may be of importance in this condition.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed2002

Different IgE reactivity profiles in birch pollen-sensitive patients from six European populations revealed by recombinant allergens: an imprint of local sensitization.

BACKGROUND: Sensitivity to birch pollen allergens is a common feature among European patients with seasonal pollen allergy. In this in vitro study, we examined the specific serum IgE binding profiles to individual birch pollen allergens in birch-sensitive patients from six European populations. METHODS: The study included 242 patients from Finland, Sweden, Austria, France, Switzerland and Italy. All suffered from seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma. Their sera were analyzed for specific IgE reactivity to individual birch pollen allergens (recombinant Bet v 1, Bet v 2 and Bet v 4) and natural birch pollen extract using Pharmacia CAP System and immunoblotting. RESULTS: Almost all Finnish, Swedish and Austrian sera contained IgE specific for Bet v 1 (>or=98%). Bet v 1-specific IgE antibodies were found in 90% of the French sera, and in 65 and 62% of the sera from Switzerland and Italy, respectively. Few Finnish (2%) and Swedish (12%) patients had IgE to Bet v 2, while Bet v 2 reactivity was more common in the other populations (20-43%). Reactivity to Bet v 4 was rare in all populations (5-11%) except for the Italian patients, in whom 3 of 11 sera were positive (27%). The immunoblot results supported the specific IgE profiles obtained with Pharmacia CAP System showing a broader IgE reactivity profile in patients from central and southern Europe as compared to northern Europe. CONCLUSION: Component-resolved allergy diagnosis with recombinant allergens reveals that the IgE reactivity profiles to individual birch pollen allergens vary between European populations. This observation may be explained by sensitization to different allergen sources and will have an impact on allergen-specific prevention and therapy strategies.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Two-year follow-up with acoustic rhinometry in children.

BACKGROUND: This is an explorative study of growth-related nasal geometry in healthy children. METHODS: A total of 88 girls and boys between the ages of 4 and 16 years were followed over a period of 2 years by acoustic rhinometry. The registrations were correlated to height at each occasion. RESULTS: Although both the minimal cross-sectional area and the nasal volume increased in all age groups over 7 years, large individual variations in nasal geometry led to a weak relationship with growth. CONCLUSION: In the undecongested nasal cavity in children, correlation of nasal geometry makes sense for height but not for age.

Adolescent↗