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Biomedical subjects

M Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to M Yoshida.

At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Prenatally diagnosed female prune belly syndrome associated with tetralogy of Fallot.

Female prune belly syndrome and tetralogy of Fallot were diagnosed in obstetric ultrasound screening at 13 and 28 weeks of gestation, respectively. The baby was born at 38 weeks showing abdominal distension, hypoplasia of abdominal muscles, vaginal atresia, imperforate anus and clubfeet. Radiologic and ultrasound examinations confirmed our prenatal diagnosis and revealed other abnormalities of patent ductus arteriosus, major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, bilateral vesicoureteral reflux, rectourethral fistula and hypoplasia of the right kidney. Urination has been smooth, but cystitis was observed repeatedly once a month. The infant was discharged in good condition and has been followed in the outpatient clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Long-term high-colloid oncotic therapy for ischemic brain edema in gerbils.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of long-term administration of high-colloid oncotic pressure on ischemic brain edema in Mongolian gerbils. METHODS: Animals that exhibited stroke after 35 minutes of unilateral forebrain ischemia were used. The gerbils were divided into albumin- (1 g/kg body wt, 25% albumin; n = 30) and saline-injected (4 mL/kg; n = 30) groups. Both agents were administered intravenously every 12 hours starting immediately after the recirculation. Plasma colloid oncotic pressure, serum sodium and potassium concentrations, and brain water, sodium, and potassium content were measured 24, 48, and 72 hours after recirculation. RESULTS: Plasma colloid oncotic pressure at 24, 48, and 72 hours after recirculation was significantly higher in the albumin- (26.1 +/- 2.3 mm Hg) than in the saline-treated group (18.5 +/- 1.9 mm Hg; P < .01), and brain water content of the ischemic hemisphere was significantly lower in the albumin group (79.5%, 80.2%, and 80.5%, respectively) than in the saline group (80.9%, 81.6%, and 82.1%, respectively; P < .05) at all three time points. Brain sodium content at 24 hours was significantly lower in the albumin than in the saline group (P < .05), while brain potassium content at 24 and 48 hours was significantly higher in the albumin than in the saline group (P < .05). The changes in brain water and sodium plus potassium content, which were calculated from differences between the ischemic and nonischemic hemispheres, showed a significant correlation in both groups (P < .01), but there was no significant difference between the linear regression lines for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term high-colloid oncotic pressure was effective in treating ischemic brain edema, probably acting by diminishing the bulk flow through the disrupted blood-brain barrier and ameliorating the vasogenic edema.

Albumins↗
PubMed1995

The frequency of patients with 50-kd dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (50DAG or adhalin) deficiency in a muscular dystrophy patient population in Japan: immunocytochemical analysis of 50DAG, 43DAG, dystrophin, and utrophin.

The 50-kd dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (50DAG or adhalin) in the skeletal muscle has been shown to be deficient in patients with severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy prevalent in North Africa. To elucidate the frequency of patients having the 50DAG deficiency in a muscular dystrophy population in Japan, we immunocytochemically examined 50DAG, 43DAG, dystrophin, and utrophin. A total of 243 patients with muscular dystrophy, among 1,035 diagnostic muscle biopsies during the past 2.5 years, were analyzed. We identified five unrelated patients (three females and two males who have no family history) with 50DAG deficiency in the sarcolemma. Thus, 2.1% (5/243) of our muscular dystrophy patient population had 50DAG deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Modulation of the buccal muscle contraction by identified serotonergic and peptidergic neurons in the snail Achatina fulica

Serotonergic and peptidergic modulation of buccal muscle contraction at an identified neuromuscular synapse in the African giant snail Achatina fulica was examined. A pair of excitatory motoneurons of the radula protractor was identified in the buccal ganglia and these were named B10 neurons. Pharmacological experiments revealed the B10s to be cholinergic. The serotonergic cerebral neuron v-CDN enhanced B10-evoked contraction of the radula protractor, and it is suggested that this effect is mediated postsynaptically by serotonin released from the v-CDN terminals. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the B10 motoneurons contained an Achatina cardioexcitatory peptide-1 (ACEP-1)-like substance in their cell body, axon and terminals in the radula protractor. From electron microscopic observation, the ACEP-1-like immunoreactive substance was found to be localized in dense-cored vesicles but not in clear vesicles in the nerve terminals. ACEP-1 applied to the radula protractor markedly enhanced B10-evoked contraction of the muscle by increasing the amplitude of excitatory junction potentials (EJPs). The increase of EJP amplitude in the presence of the peptide was probably due to the increased release of acetylcholine from the terminals of B10. It is suggested that the cholinergic motoneuron B10 uses ACEP-1 as an excitatory cotransmitter.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Prognostic determinants of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--the results of the Shiga Cardiomyopathy Study.

Previous studies have reported that patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are prone to sudden death. In this study, we retrospectively assessed the prognosis and any influencing factors in 83 patients (66 male, 17 female) with HCM. Twenty-two patients were obstructive, 40 were non-obstructive, 18 were apical HCM and 3 were unclassified. Four of the 83 cases progressed to left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction during the follow-up period. The mean age was 51.2 years (range 16 to 73) and the mean duration of follow-up was 6.7 years (range 0.3 to 15.1). The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 98% and 89%, respectively. Five patients dies; 3 from cardiac events (two sudden deaths and one due to congestive heart failure) and 2 from malignant diseases. The lack of a family history of sudden death and the amplitude of the S wave in lead V1 (less than 2.0 mV) were associated with a favorable prognosis. None of the patients who were diagnosed before age 50 died, but this observation was not statistically significant. None of the patients with apical HCM died, but the classification of HCM was not significantly associated with the prognosis. None of the patients without medication died and medical treatment did not influence the prognosis. Sex, family history of HCM, the patient's symptoms and physical signs, NYHA classification of cardiovascular disability, thickness of the septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle, dimension of the left atrium, and the left and right ventricles in echocardiogram, amplitude of the R wave in lead V5, the depth of the negative T wave and atrial fibrillation did not influence the prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

PS-990, a novel microbial metabolite, reversibly induces neurite extension in neuroblastoma cells.

PS-990, which is a novel microbial metabolite, induced neurite formation in a murine neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro2A. In the presence of PS-990 at 30 micrograms/ml, significant neurite outgrowth was observed. Cultures maintained for 12 h in the presence of PS-990 resulted in the maximal number of neurite-bearing cells, and then the neurites formed were gradually retracted. The retracted cells again yielded the neurite formation when the cells were exposed again to PS-990. PS-990 inhibited both the cell growth and thymidine incorporation into the cells at the same concentration range. Although the type of neurite formation with PS-990 is similar to that with a cyclic AMP analog and indeed PS-990 has an inhibitory potency against calcium and calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, the intracellular cyclic AMP level was not elevated when treated with PS-990. These results suggest that PS-990 reversibly induces neurite formation with arrest of the cell growth through a mechanism distinct from an increase in the intracellular cyclic AMP concentration.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1995

Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in fission yeast: a possible role in stress responses.

A DNA fragment coding for a part of a putative phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase was cloned from Schizosaccharomyces pombe by cross-hybridization with Saccharomyces cerevisiae VPS34 gene, a yeast homologue of mammalian PI-3 kinase. The clone contained an open reading frame of 797 amino acids but lacked the initiation codon, ATG. The predicted amino acid sequence was homologous to those of S. cerevisiae VPS34 and mammalian PI-3 kinase genes. Disruption of the gene resulted in extremely low levels of PI-3-P and higher levels of PI-4-P, supporting the idea that the gene codes for the PI-3 kinase of S. pombe. The disruptants harbored large vacuoles and were sensitive to stresses such as high temperature or high concentration of monovalent and divalent cations.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Long-term effects of dietary fiber supplementation on serum glucose and lipoprotein levels in diabetic rats fed a high cholesterol diet.

We have shown that cholesterol-fed diabetic rats developed atheromatous lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries, which were not observed in cholesterol-fed diabetic rats receiving concomitant supplementation with 15% glucomannan, a soluble dietary fiber concentrate. The present study was designed to examine the effects of the dietary fiber supplementation on serum levels of glucose and lipoproteins in cholesterol-fed diabetic rats. Feeding a diet containing 1.5% cholesterol (wt/wt) and 0.37% cholic acid for 18 weeks to rats made diabetic by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight, iv) produced moderate hyperglycemia and moderate hypercholesterolemia, the latter being characterized by high concentrations not only of low density lipoproteins but also intermediate density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins. These changes in serum lipoproteins and hyperglycemia were substantially reduced by 18 weeks of supplementation with glucomannan but high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not change after feeding a cholesterol-rich diet in the presence or absence of glucomannan supplementation. These results suggest that amelioration in hyperlipoproteinemia and hyperglycemia induced by the dietary fiber supplementation may help retard or prevent the atheromatous formation found in cholesterol-fed diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of ingestion of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil on biochemical indices of selenium status in rats.

Biochemical indices of selenium (Se) deficiency (liver Se content and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity, and urinary ketone bodies during fasting) were measured in Se-deficient or Se-sufficient control rats with or without ingestion of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). Male weanling Wistar rats (50 to 60 g) were fed on a Torula yeast-based Se-deficient diet (Se content, < 0.01 microgram/g), or on the same diet supplemented with sodium selenite (0.1 microgram Se/g). The rats were given 0.05% PTU solution or deionized water as drinking water. After feeding for 6 weeks, the rats given PTU showed severe inhibition of growth and marked decreases in serum thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels. Animals fed the Se-deficient diet showed remarkably low hepatic Se content and GSHPx activity compared to the Se-sufficient control rats, irrespective of PTU-ingestion. In the rats without PTU, the Se deficiency was accompanied by significantly elevated serum T4 and lower T3 levels. Urinary ketone body excretion during fasting was significantly higher in the Se-deficient rats than in controls, irrespective of serum thyroid hormone levels. These results suggest that the increase in urinary ketone body excretion in Se deficiency may be independent of serum thyroid hormone.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The mechanism of lactitol (NS-4) in inducing adrenomedullary proliferative lesion in rats.

We used 13-week repeated oral administration of lactitol as part of a study to clarify the mechanism by which lactitol induces the proliferation of adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. There was a marked increase in urinary calcium (Ca) excretion even though the lactitol administration had no effect on the blood Ca level. A tendency for an increase in adrenal venous blood epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations was seen. Organ weight measurement of adrenal glands revealed a tendency for an increase in absolute weight and a significant increase in relative weight. Morphometric analysis of adrenomedullary chromaffin cells showed a tendency for an increased total cell volume and a decreased numerical density; but, there was no conspicuous change in the total cell number. Determinations of the anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and antiproliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody-positive cell counts showed a tendency for an increased proliferation rate for adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. Electron microscopy showed a slight increase in the number of Golgi apparatuses in these cells. Because the marked increase in urinary Ca excretion was concomitant with morphological changes that suggested the hyperfunction of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla and a tendency for an increased cell proliferation rate, we assume that persistent hyperfunction of the adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, which was mediated by enhanced Ca absorption from the intestinal tract, may have induced proliferative lesion.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1995

Acute graft-versus-host disease of the gut.

A 28-year-old man with acute promyelocytic leukemia at first early relapse received HLA-matched allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at first early relapse. Cyclosporin A and methotrexate were administered at conventional doses as a prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). He presented with severe bloody diarrhea on day 87 after BMT. Examination of the lower gastrointestinal tract revealed diffuse mucosal change of inflammation. A diagnosis of late onset of acute gut GVHD was made, in the absence of other manifestations such as skin and liver involvement. A further survey is needed to clarify the incidence and the pathogenesis of atypical gut GVHD.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Frequent mutation in pX region of HTLV-1 is observed in HAM/TSP patients, but is not specifically associated with the central nervous system lesions.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Recently it has been reported that defective HTLV-1 provirus was detected frequently in the central nervous system (CNS) lesions of HAM/TSP patients. Here we investigated sequence variations of the pX region of HTLV-1 in the CNS and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of the same patient. The results analyzing 9-13 clones isolated from each specimen indicated that the pX region is highly variable within a patient with HAM/TSP, and the mutations were found at almost random positions within the sequences analyzed. The frequency and pattern of those mutations did not appear to differ significantly between the CNS and PBL of the same patient, although they differed among patients. Similarly, frequent mutations were observed in an asymptomatic carrier of HTLV-1, although the variability was moderate, suggesting that the high variability of the pX sequence is not a specific event in HAM/TSP. However, one asymptomatic carrier showed much less frequent variations very similarly to an ATL patient; both of them harbored clonally expanded infected cells. Thus the apparent low variability was explained by clonal selection of a single species of the provirus by the clonal proliferation of infected cells. These results clearly indicate that mutations including defectives are not specifically associated with the CNS lesions in HAM/TSP patients, but suggest that the random mutations simply reflect the rate of viral replication in individuals and the variants were not inherited frequently.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Characterization of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal prostates using endorectal 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy].

BACKGROUND: We evaluate the usefulness of 1H endorectal resonance spectroscopy to characterize prostate pathology. METHODS: With an endorectal surface coil we have studied 20 individuals with normal (1), benign hyperplastic (9) and malignant (10) prostates. RESULTS: The major findings of our studies were that the patients with cancer have a significantly lower citrate-to-choline ratio (cit/cho) and creatin-to-choline ratio (cre/cho) than the patients with BPH (p < 0.05). There is well correlation between cit/cho and gland-to-stroma ratio of the BPH tissue as well as histological grade of the cancer tissue. 1H spectroscopy offers the advantages of differential diagnosis between benign and malignant prostates. We, however, failed to demonstrate cancer in 2 cases; the lesion was too small in one case, and out of the region of interest in the other. It is necessary that the foci in the prostate is at least 1.5 X 1.5 X 1.5 cm3 of the volume in order to obtain genuine spectrogram of carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Endorectal 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy can characterize metabolic differences between the normal and malignant prostate.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

RES-701-2, -3 and -4, novel and selective endothelin type B receptor antagonists produced by Streptomyces sp. I. Taxonomy of producing strains, fermentation, isolation, and biochemical properties.

RES-701-2, -3 and -4, novel cyclic peptide endothelin antagonists, were isolated from the culture broths of Streptomyces sp. RE-701 and RE-896, RES-701s selectively inhibited the ET-1 binding to endothelin type B receptor (ETB receptor) with IC50 values ranging from 5 to 20 nM. Taxonomy of the producing strains, fermentation, isolation and biochemical properties of RES-701s are described.

Amino Acid Sequence↗