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Biomedical subjects

M Yokoi

Publications and source records attributed to M Yokoi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Effect of amrinone infusion on temperature changes in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery].

We evaluated the effect of intravenous infusion of amrinone on the intraoperative changes of temperature. Twenty-six elderly patients scheduled for abdominal surgery were studied. Temperature was monitored at the rectum and the palm of the hand. Fourteen patients in the amrinone group received continuous infusion of amrinone from anesthetic induction until the end of operation, while twelve patients in the control group received the infusion of normal saline. Peripheral temperature was significantly higher in the amrinone group than in the control group. Difference between central and peripheral temperature was significantly smaller in the amrinone group compared to the control group. It is considered that infusion of amrinone is effective to maintain peripheral circulation and to keep the peripheral extremities warm in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of body weight reduction on blood pressure and biochemical data].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between body weight reduction and some complications associated with obesity. The subjects were 248 middle-aged obese persons (male 37, female 209) who participated in a weight reduction program at the Aichi Prefectural Center of Health Care from 1983 to 1990. The subjects had no severe complication, and the obesity indexes of all of them were over 120%. The program was held monthly for five months and consisted of diet (1500 kcal/day) and exercise (10000 walk steps/day). After the program, mean obesity index decreased by about 9%, and mean body weight reduction was about 5kg. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride and GPT were significantly decreased, and HDL cholesterol was slightly increased. For each item the percentage of persons with abnormal values reduced by about 5 to 20%. From the relationship between degree of decrease of obesity and changes of the values of each item, it was estimated that some complications of obesity require greater than 5 to 10% decrease in obesity index to be affected. The value of each examination item before the program and the degree of decrease of obesity index had an effect on changes of the values, but obesity index before the program and age had little effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

An acylated cyanidin glycoside in the red-purple flowers of x Laeliocattleya cv mini purple.

A new acylated anthocyanin was isolated from the red-purple flowers of x Laeliocattleya cv Mini Purple as one of the major anthocyanins. The structure of this pigment was determined to be cyanidin 3-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-7-O-[6-O-(trans-p- coumaryl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-3'-O-[6-O-[trans-4-O-[6-O-(trans-p- coumaryl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-p-coumaryl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside] based on spectroscopic methods.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed1994

Hepatitis C virus particle detected by immunoelectron microscopic study.

To clarify the morphology of hepatitis C virus (HCV), an indirect immunogold electron microscopic study was carried out on two plasma samples with high HCV RNA titres using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific to the putative HCV envelope protein. Spherical virus-like particles, 55 to 65 nm in diameter with spike-like projections, were found in 1.14 to 1.16 g/ml fractions after sucrose density gradient centrifugation. These particles were found only in HCV-infected blood donors and had morphological features similar to those of flaviviruses. Moreover, these particles specifically reacted with the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to the putative HCV envelope protein. This is the first known report in which the morphology of the HCV particle is clearly shown.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1993

Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits.

cDNA clones for four different N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (NMDAR2A-NMDAR2D) were isolated through polymerase chain reactions followed by molecular screening of a rat brain cDNA library. These subunits are only about 15% identical with the key subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR1) but are highly homologous (approximately 50% homology) with one another. They also commonly possess large hydrophilic domains at both amino- and carboxyl-terminal sides of the four putative transmembrane segments. NMDAR2A and NMDAR2C expressed individually in Xenopus oocytes showed no electrophysiological response to agonists. However, these subunits in combined expression with NMDAR1 markedly potentiated the NMDAR1 activity and produced functional variability in the affinity of agonists, the effectiveness of antagonists, and the sensitivity to Mg2+ blockade. Thus, NMDAR1 is essential for the function of the NMDA receptor, and multiple NMDAR2 subunits potentiate and differentiate the function of the NMDA receptor by forming different heteromeric configurations with NMDAR1. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that the expressions of individual mRNAs for the NMDAR2 subunits overlap in some brain regions but are also specialized in many other regions. This investigation demonstrates the anatomical and functional differences of the NMDAR2 subunits, which provide the molecular basis for the functional diversity of the NMDA receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Appropriate interferon-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C: an assessment by quantitative changes in serum hepatitis C virus-RNA.

The antiviral effect of natural interferon (IFN)-alpha on chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was estimated by determining quantitative changes in serum HCV-RNA compared with the serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) improvement; the relationships of responses to IFN according to the dose and period of IFN therapy were defined to determine an appropriate IFN therapy protocol. Twenty-two patients with chronic hepatitis C were given natural IFN-alpha and in 16 (72.7%) patients the viraemia was suppressed during therapy. Five (27.7%) of them sustained the disappearance of HCV-RNA for more than 6 months after therapy accompanied with a prolonged sALT improvement. Pre-treatment viraemia levels in 5 complete responders with "complete suppression" of viraemia were significantly lower than in 11 patients with a transient loss or a decline of HCV-RNA. A favorable antiviral response was closely associated with a high total dose of IFN-alpha and a long duration of IFN therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Quantitation and typing of serum hepatitis C virus RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon-beta.

We quantified serum hepatitis C virus RNA titers and determined hepatitis C virus subtypes in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with interferon-beta to investigate relationships among serum ALT response, serum hepatitis C virus titer and hepatitis C virus subtype. Of 146 chronic hepatitis C patients who received interferon-beta therapy, 24 patients with sustained serum ALT normalization (complete responders) and 26 patients without serum ALT normalization (nonresponders) were randomly selected. Detection, typing and quantitation of hepatitis C virus were performed by means of the "single-tube" polymerase chain reaction method. Of the 24 complete responders, 21 (87.5%) became negative for hepatitis C virus RNA, whereas 21 (80.8%) of the 26 nonresponders remained positive. Hepatitis C virus infections with types I, II, III, IV, II + III and III + IV occurred in 0 (0%), 22 (51.2%), 10 (23.3%), 1 (2.3%), 7 (16.5%) and 3 (7.9%) patients, respectively. The mean pretreatment hepatitis C virus RNA titer of complete responders (0.4 +/- 2.0 x 10(4) CID50/ml) was significantly lower than that of nonresponders (3.8 +/- 4.5 x 10(4) CID50/ml) (p < 0.01). Regardless of HCV subtype, patients with more than 10(4) CID50/ml of HCV did not show serum ALT normalization, whereas complete serum ALT response was seen in most cases with less than 10(2) CID50/ml HCV. These results show that mixed infections with different hepatitis C virus subtypes appear to be more common than previously reported and that the pretreatment serum level of hepatitis C virus RNA is a more important predictor of outcome of interferon therapy than is virus genotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Vitreous surgery for mycotic endophthalmitis].

We treated eight eyes of five patients with mycotic endophthalmitis. Intraocular inflammatory changes in one of these eyes improved only by antifungal therapy with 21-day administration of miconazole and fluconazole. The other seven eyes underwent vitrectomy, and the preoperative periods between the onset of ocular complications and the operation ranged from one and a half months to three months, during which time fungi were isolated only in one case. Dense vitreous opacities caused by the colonies of the fungi were found in the all vitrectomized eyes. Vitrectomy in the three cases showing no retinal detachment was effective for the improvement of either visual acuity or ophthalmoscopic findings, whereas vitrectomy was not effective in the other two cases with the occurrence of the pre-retinal membrane causing traction retinal detachment. The present investigations suggest that persistent endophthalmitis and the appearance of total retinal detachment made the improvement of retinal changes difficult because of the inflammatory and fibrotic processes between the retina and the vitreous body. It, therefore, is shown that anti-fungal therapy should be initiated when mycotic endophthalmitis is suspected, but in cases without response to the drug, vitrectomy should be performed before retinal detachment occurs.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Malignant lymphoma following operation and chemotherapy of small cell lung carcinoma].

A 57-year-old man was admitted with systemic lymphadenopathy. He had undergone resection for small cell lung carcinoma and received chemotherapy 6 years previously. A specimen of swollen lymph nodes showed malignant lymphoma. Surface marker analysis revealed the lymphoma to have the same characteristics as lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL). He received combination chemotherapy, but marked resistance was recognized. His condition deteriorated rapidly and died. Having the characteristics of LBL on lymphoma at an older age and severe drug-resistance suggests that this lymphoma might have been a second malignancy due to preceding chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Acylated pelargonidin glycosides in the red-purple flowers of Pharbitis nil.

Four acylated pelargonidin glycosides and pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside were isolated from 23 red-purple cultivars of Pharbitis nil. The acylated anthocyanins were all based on pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside and were identified as the 3-O-[2-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(trans-caffeyl)-beta-D- glucopyranoside]-5-O-(beta-D-glucopyranoside), the 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-(trans-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)caffeyl)-beta- D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-(beta-D-glucopyranoside), the 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-(trans-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)caffeyl)-beta- D-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(trans-caffeyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-(beta- D-glucopyranoside); and the 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-(trans-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)caffeyl)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(trans-4-O-(6-O-(trans-3-O-(beta-D- glucopyranosyl)caffeyl)- beta-D-glucopyranosyl)caffeyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-(beta-D- glucopyranoside). By the analysis of these anthocyanin constituents variously in 23 cultivars, it was found that the red flower colour gradually changed into more bluish colour with increasing numbers of caffeic acid residues in the acylated pelargonidin glycosides. The stabilities of these anthocyanins increased in the order of increasing caffeyl substitution.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed1992

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by nested polymerase chain reaction in sera of patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis treated with interferon.

To evaluate the effect of interferon-alpha treatment on the levels of serum aminotransferase (sALT) and of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA, we studied 19 patients with chronic non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. Before therapy, 14 patients were positive by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers deduced from the 5'-non-coding region of the HCV genome. Serum HCV-RNA had disappeared in 12 (85.7%) of them by the end of therapy, but then reappeared 6 months later in 4 of these 12 patients. A marked improvement in sALT was seen in 5 of the 8 patients with sustained HCV-RNA disappearance, but not in the 4 patients with only transient HCV-RNA negativity. Pre-treatment levels of hepatitis C viremia, analyzed by single PCR and dot blot hybridization, ranged from 2 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(8) copies/ml, and were below 2 x 10(5) copies/ml in patients with a complete response to interferon therapy. These results suggest that this HCV-RNA assay, combined with sALT testing, may be useful for estimation of the long-term efficacy of interferon therapy in hepatitis C.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A 13C NMR study on collagens in the solid state: hydration/dehydration-induced conformational change of collagen and detection of internal motions.

We recorded 13C NMR spectra of type I and IV collagens in the anhydrous and hydrated states, in order to confirm our previous assignment of peaks, and to analyze the mode of partial renaturation of soluble collagens by hydration, as well as rapid intramolecular motions such as ring puckering in proline or hydroxyproline residues. First, we attempted to assign all 13C NMR peaks of collagen fibrils on the basis of computer simulation by utilizing amino-acid composition and chemical shift data from both the solid state and solution. We confirmed that some previously unassigned peaks were not ascribable to a denatured portion but to the minor amino-acid residues. The 13C NMR peaks from soluble collagens were appreciably broadened and some peaks were displaced as compared with those of intact collagen fibrils. This was caused by the presence of a partial conformational disorder and/or denaturation at the time of acid-solubilization and dehydration. Those line broadening and displacements of peaks, however, were partially removed by humidification under an atmosphere of 96% R.H. over 12 h. Furthermore, we found that the 13C spin-lattice relaxation times (T1s) of both the C beta and C gamma carbons of Pro and Hyp in fibrils are substantially reduced as compared with those of some crystalline oligopeptides. It was shown that the presence of rapid ring puckering motion in these residues results in a reduction of the NT1 values, where N stands for the number of protons attached to the carbon under consideration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed1990

Effects of exercise on coronary risk factors in obese, middle-aged subjects.

The effects of exercise (10000 walk steps/day) and diet (1500 kcal/day) for 4 months on coronary risk factors (obesity, hypertension, serum lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities) were studied in 332 obese, middle-aged subjects. Body weight, skinfold thickness, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum lipid and lipoproteins (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and beta-lipoprotein) improved significantly (p less than 0.05) during the program. The degree of improvement in blood pressures, serum lipids and lipoproteins was greater in abnormal blood pressure (greater than 140/90 mmHg) or abnormal serum lipid group than in normal group. A significant correlation was observed between daily number of walk steps and the improvement of body weight, diastolic blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol. Increase of daily steps during the program showed a significant (p less than 0.05) correlation to the change in HDL-cholesterol. It was suggested that mild exercise characterized by brisk walking was effective in the treatment of obesity, hypertension and low HDL-cholesterolemia in obese, middle-aged subjects.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1990

[Difference in the path between the incisal point and the tracer of simple mandibular movement recording apparatuses during the mandibular movement in the sagittal plane].

In order to study the difference in the path between the incisal point and its tracers, which were LED or a magnet, for two types of mechanism used in ready-made simple mandibular movement recording apparatuses, we calculated their locations during the rotally opening or protrusion of the mandible in the sagittal plane. The movement of the LED tracer was larger than that of the incisal point during the rotally opening movement, and its magnification ratio increased with increased opening. During the protrusion, the difference in their movements was affected by the balance of the inclination of the condyle path and the incisal path, and the movement of the tracer expanded vertically but contracted horizontally as the inclination of the incisal path was increased. The movement of magnet tracer was larger than that of the incisal point during the opening movement, but its magnification ratio decreased as the degree of opening increased. During the protrusion, the horizontal movement of the tracer was smaller than that of the incisal point, and its magnification ratio decreased as the inclination of incisal path became smaller. Its vertical movement was similar to that of the incisal point.

Dental Occlusion↗