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Biomedical subjects

M Yanoff

Publications and source records attributed to M Yanoff.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Electron microscopic study of corneal epithelial-endothelial interactions in organ culture.

The interactions between rabbit corneal epithelium and endothelium were investigated in an organ culture model using scanning electron microscopy and correlative light microscopy. Following mechanical removal of corneal endothelium, corneal epithelium was observed to migrate across the cut surface of the corneal stroma and onto the denuded Descemet's membrane after 48 hours in organ culture. By 72 hours, a distinct line of contact between the migrated epithelium and endothelium was established. Following epithelial-endothelial contact, no cellular migration occurred. Corneal endothelial inhibition of epithelial migration may be a major factor in the prevention of surface epithelial invasion and proliferation following surgery and trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Inexpensive device to reduce surgical light exposure.

An inexpensive device that reduces light exposure to the retina during intraocular surgery is described. This disposable cap, which shields out 75% of the light, is cut from brown, rubber, surgical gloves by a 9.0 mm corneal trephine. The rubber cap is readily available, easy to use, and an inexpensive solution for surgeons concerned about possible retinal phototoxicity from the operating microscope.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1982

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in infancy and in the neonate. Ocular findings.

We report two cases of neonatal disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). One case is associated with placenta previa and respiratory distress, and the other shows hemorrhage with Gram-negative sepsis. In both cases, results of autopsy show microscopic confirmation of DIC in several body tissues. One pair of eyes demonstrates intraocular hemorrhages and intravascular fibrin in the choriocapillaris (a typical manifestation) and intravascular fibrin in the ciliary body vessels of one eye. In addition, the other pair of eyes shows involvement of iris vessels, a unique finding, as is intraretinal intravascular fibrin in one eye of the same patient.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

The atypical pigmentary retinopathy of Kearns-Sayre syndrome. A light and electron microscopic study.

Two postmortem eyes from a 52-year-old man with Kearns-Sayre syndrome were examined by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Prior to death, pronounced ptosis, total external ophthalmoplegia, an episodic ventricular cardiac arrhythmia, and an atypical pigmentary retinopathy characterized by "choroidal sclerosis" and pigment clumping were documented. Histopathologic examination revealed atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina that was most marked posteriorly. The preservation of photoreceptors appeared to mirror the health of the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. Numerous healthy appearing rods were present in the relatively well-preserved temporal retina. The pattern of photoreceptor degeneration observed in this form of "atypical retinitis pigmentosa" suggests that the primary defect may reside in the retinal pigment epithelium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Intraocular pressure status in 100 consecutive patients with exfoliation syndrome.

An evaluation of 100 consecutive patients in whom the exfoliation syndrome was detected as an incidental finding revealed the incidence of glaucoma to be lower than previously reported. There were 75 women and 25 men in the study. Seventy-six patients had unilateral and 24 patients had bilateral involvement. The mean age of the unilateral group was 70 years and that of the bilateral group, 71 years. Of 124 eyes having the exfoliation syndrome, 78% had normal intraocular pressure, 15% had ocular hypertension (intraocular pressure greater than 22 mm Hg but no cupping or field loss), and 7% had glaucoma. Women out-numbered men in normotensive and ocular hypertensive groups, but no sex difference was apparent in the group with glaucoma. In the 76 patients in the unilateral group, 13 eyes having the exfoliation syndrome had ocular hypertension, and three had glaucoma. In five of the 16 patients with ocular pressure abnormalities in the eye with exfoliation syndrome, the fellow eye had ocular hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Congenital herpes simplex virus, type 2, bilateral endophthalmitis.

A set of dizygotic twins, both born prematurely, developed herpes simplex encephalitis shortly after birth. The second twin had unilateral keratoconjunctivitis and bilateral endophthalmitis and subsequently died from disseminated herpes infection. Herpes simplex, type 2, was isolated from conjunctiva of both eyes, cerebrospinal fluid, nasopharynx and trachea. Histologic examination of the eyes revealed bilateral endophthalmitis with a necrotizing retinitis. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were demonstrated by light microscopy in the retina, choroid and iris, and virus particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy in the retina. The other twin recovered from a much milder disseminated herpes simplex infection without apparent ocular involvement. During pregnancy, the mother had vaginitis which was suspected, but not documented, as being herpetic in origin. The father was diagnosed as having a penile infection caused by herpes simplex. Repeated attempts to locate the family of the surviving baby girl in order to obtain follow-up information have failed.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMed1981

A clinicopathologic study of four cases of primary open-angle glaucoma compared to normal eyes.

Eight eyes obtained at autopsy from four patient who had chronic open-angle glaucoma were compared to eyes with normal aging changes. Three cases were characterized by early and pronounced abnormalities in the uveal portion of the drainage angle. The findings consisted of formation of an exaggerated scleral spur upon the scleral roll by accretion and compaction of the overlying uveal meshwork, hyalinization and atrophy of the adjacent ciliary muscle, and atrophy of the iris root. The fourth case showed widespread proliferation of endothelium into the lumen of Schlemm's canal. We concluded that the predominant histologic findings in eyes with open-angle glaucoma consists of an exaggeration of normal aging processes, ranging in a spectrum from excessive involvement of the uveal pathway to excessive involvement of the canal of Schlemm pathway.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Retinal pigment epithelial abnormalities in fundus flavimaculatus: a light and electron microscopic study.

Light, fluorescent, and scanning and transmission electron microscopic examinations of two postmortem eyes from a 24-year-old man with well-documented fundus flavimaculatus with atrophic macular degeneration revealed striking abnormalities in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Beginning near the equator, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a progressively marked heterogeneity in the size of the RPE cells. Surrounded by a fairly regular mosaic of relatively normal appearing cells, enormously enlarged hypomelanotic cells measuring up to 80 microns in diameter occurred in irregular aggregates that became more prevalent posteriorly. Diffusely and intensely PAS-positive, the RPE was packed with a granular substance with ultrastructural, autofluorescent, and histochemical properties consistent with an abnormal form of lipofuscin. The greatest concentration of lipopigment was noted posteriorly. Stains for acid mucopolysaccharide were only mildly positive. The clinical and fluorescein angiographic manifestations of fundus flavimaculatus are consistent with accumulation of a lipofuscin-like substance in the RPE. The massive amounts of lipopigment encountered in this young individual suggest that disordered lipopigment metabolism may play a major role in the pathogenesis of this retinal pigment epithelial disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Conjunctival biopsy as an aid in the evaluation of the patient with suspected sarcoidosis.

Conjunctival biopsy is an underused but simple technique in the evaluation of the patient with sarcoidosis and occasionally other systemic diseases. In 55% of patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis from other sites, a blind conjunctival biopsy was positive. Bilateral conjunctival biopsies and the examination of multiple sections of each biopsy were essential to obtain this high of a yield. There was no relationship between an anterior uveitis and a positive conjunctival biopsy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

The iris naevus (Cogan-Reese) syndrome: light and electron microscopic observations.

The light and electron micrscopic findings in an eye enucleated from a 38-year-old woman with iris naevus (Cogan-Reese) syndrome are presented. The clinical manifestations of this disease, namely, iridic stromal matting, iridic nodule formation, and unilateral angle-closure glaucoma, appear to be secondary to an endothelial membrane on the anterior surface of the iris. The iris naevus syndrome is now thought to represent one end of the clinical spectrum of an iridocorneal endothelial syndrome which also includes those clinical entities classified previously as Chandler's syndrome and essential iris atrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Proliferative endotheliopathy with iris abnormalities. The iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.

Sixteen cases of essential iris atrophy and two of iris nevus (Cogan-Reese) syndrome were reviewed retrospectively by light and electron microscopy. Varying degrees of corneal endothelial proliferation onto the trabecular meshwork and anterior iris were seen in all cases. The demonstration of an endothelial-abnormal basement membrane complex on the anterior iridic surface, deep to synechias in over half the cases, indicates that endothelialization may be primary, since it precedes the formation of anterior synechias. Pathologic and clinical evidence suggests that the iris nevus syndrome, Chandler's syndrome, and essential iris atrophy represent a continuum of clinical manifestations of a single disease process involving proliferation of the corneal endothelial and characteristic iris abnormalities; the latter may be secondary to variations in the pattern, rate, and extent of endothelial proliferation. We suggest the term "proliferative endotheliopathy" to emphasize the common pathogenetic role of corneal endothelial proliferation in all three entities (iris nevus syndrome, Chandler's syndrome, and essential iris atrophy). A more succinct alternate term is "the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome."

Adult↗