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Biomedical subjects

M Yanoff

Publications and source records attributed to M Yanoff.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Subconjunctival anesthesia: an alternative to retrobulbar and peribulbar techniques.

We present a method of anesthesia for intraocular surgery of the anterior segment of the eye that avoids the risks of the potential complications associated with retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia. The method consists of topical anesthesia plus 0.5 cc of lidocaine (with hyaluronidase and epinephrine) injected beneath the superior conjunctiva. We have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of this technique in 431 consecutive cases.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1990

A 32-year follow-up of the rigid Schreck anterior chamber lens. A clinicopathological correlation.

We describe the clinicopathological findings in an eye after 32 years of successful anterior chamber lens implantation. In 1956, a rigid Schreck total polymethylmethacrylate anterior chamber lens was implanted in the right eye of a 28-year-old white man 1 year after corneo-scleral laceration with traumatic cataract. The postoperative clinical course was subjectively unremarkable for at least 30 years. In 1988, the patient developed secondary angle closure glaucoma, associated with a cavernous Schnabel optic atrophy that was caused by peripheral anterior synechiae and fibrovascular downgrowth into the anterior chamber. The lens implant was encapsulated "cocoonlike." Secondary proliferation of corneal endothelial cells covered the fibrous membrane and the chamber angle structures. No inflammatory reaction and only a very slight foreign-body reaction in the area of the footplate of the anterior chamber lens were present. Clinical and histopathological findings indicate that polymethylmethacrylate is sufficiently inert and biocompatible to be tolerated by the surrounding ocular tissues for more than 30 years.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1990

Anterior eyewall perforation during subconjunctival cataract block.

A patient was given a new type of subconjunctival block in preparation for cataract surgery. During the insertion of the needle subconjunctivally, the anterior eyewall was inadvertently perforated, resulting in a tiny retinal tear and focal retinal detachment. The cataract surgery, including intraocular lens implantation, was carried out without further problems. The retinal tear and tiny detachment were repaired the next day by argon laser photocoagulation. The visual result was excellent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anterior eyewall perforation occurring with the use of this new subconjunctival anesthetic block.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Configuration of corneal incisions with the excimer laser: an experimental study].

The potential applications of an ophthalmic excimer laser at 193 nm include its use as a precise trephine in keratoplasty procedures. In a series of 20 human autopsy and 40 pig cadaver eyes the histological and ultrastructural results of donor and recipient trephination and full-thickness corneal grafting using new mask systems were evaluated. In comparison with other beam delivery systems the "open mask system" allows the performance of excimer laser trephinations with reproducible wound configuration and geometry, with easy handling and high reliability. This technique enables the surgeon to surmount the mechanical limitations of cutting direction and makes non-circular trephinations possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Excimer laser keratoplasty. Part 2: Elliptical keratoplasty.

An excimer laser at 193 nm was used with a new "open mask system" to perform elliptical noncontact and nonthermal keratoplasties and corneal grafts in human cadaver eyes (Part 1 of this article, Ophthalmic Surg 1989; 20:262-267). By light microscopy the corneas showed sharp, unbeveled cut margins with nearly perfect apposition of the inner wound aspects. An elliptical shape may be better than a circular one, since the former closely approximates the cornea's normal elliptical outline, making it easier to fit corresponding areas of corneal graft to bed. Also, it provides a wider area of Bowman's membrane for anchoring sutures and relatively less volume of donor antigenic tissue.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1989

Excimer laser keratoplasty. Part 1: Basic concepts.

A commercially available ophthalmic excimer laser was used with a new "open mask system" to perform noncontact and nonthermal excimer laser keratoplasty in 20 human and 40 pig cadaver eyes. Circular penetrating corneal trephinations and corneal grafts were performed with the excimer laser set at 193 nm. Light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the human and pig eyes demonstrated the high quality of excimer laser trephination (smooth wound margins that were approximately parallel to the optical axis of the eye), and the superior wound configuration and geometry.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Intraocular pressure in exfoliation syndrome.

Two studies, both retrospective, were done at our institution. The first study evaluated 100 consecutive patients with exfoliation (EX) syndrome found as an incidental finding in a private, general ophthalmology practice, to determine the incidence of glaucoma. The second determined the long-term course of EX as it relates to the onset of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). In the first study, of 124 eyes having EX 78% had normal IOP, 15% had intraocular pressure greater than 22 mm Hg but no cupping or field loss (ocular hypertension or glaucoma suspect), and 7% had glaucoma. In the second study 347 patients who initially had normal IOPs and either unilateral or bilateral EX were followed over time. Elevated IOP developed in 35 patients (44 eyes) during the study. The cumulative probability for eyes with EX to develop elevated intraocular pressure was 5.3% in 5 years and increased to 15.4% in 10 years. These probabilities predict that patients with EX have a higher incidence of developing elevated intraocular pressure than would be expected in patients without EX of similar age.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Inverted follicular keratosis. A report of two recurrent cases.

Few cases of recurrent inverted follicular keratosis (IFK) have been reported in the literature, none with histopathologic confirmation. The authors report two cases of IFK that recurred within weeks of primary excision. Histologic confirmation was obtained on all four specimens. By establishing the benign nature of the recurrent lesions, unnecessary, possibly drastic surgery was avoided.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Orbital magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance images of the eye and orbit performed with surface coils at 1.5 tesla showed anatomic details superior to those of conventional third- and fourth-generation computed tomography.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1984

Pathology of human cystoid macular edema.

The light and electron microscopic findings are reviewed in two patients who had eyes enucleated for peripheral choroidal malignant melanomas. Preoperatively, cystoid macular edema was documented by fluorescein angiography in the melanoma-containing eye in both patients. Intracytoplasmic swelling (edema) of the Müller (glial) cells is the anatomical basis for the macular edema. Intercellular (extracellular) collections of fluid probably are late, endstage results of the process that result form prolonged, excessive, intracellular edema, cell death and disruption. The process probably rests on an ischemic basis, as evidenced by severe changes in the microvasculature. In the one patient in whom the optic nerve was available for study, marked intracellular swelling (edema) of glial cells in the lamina choroidalis of the optic nerve head was present, associated with compression of the adjacent axons. The nearby temporal, parapapillary retina also showed edema of Müller cells, and compression of the nerve fibers (ganglion cell axons), suggesting a more widespread process than was clinically evident. Again, severe changes were present in the microvasculature, both in the optic nerve and parapapillary retina. The underlying cause of the microvasculature changes that lead to ischemia, perhaps an intrinsic pharmacologic agent, is yet to be found.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Electron microscopic study of corneal epithelial-endothelial interactions in organ culture.

The interactions between rabbit corneal epithelium and endothelium were investigated in an organ culture model using scanning electron microscopy and correlative light microscopy. Following mechanical removal of corneal endothelium, corneal epithelium was observed to migrate across the cut surface of the corneal stroma and onto the denuded Descemet's membrane after 48 hours in organ culture. By 72 hours, a distinct line of contact between the migrated epithelium and endothelium was established. Following epithelial-endothelial contact, no cellular migration occurred. Corneal endothelial inhibition of epithelial migration may be a major factor in the prevention of surface epithelial invasion and proliferation following surgery and trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Inexpensive device to reduce surgical light exposure.

An inexpensive device that reduces light exposure to the retina during intraocular surgery is described. This disposable cap, which shields out 75% of the light, is cut from brown, rubber, surgical gloves by a 9.0 mm corneal trephine. The rubber cap is readily available, easy to use, and an inexpensive solution for surgeons concerned about possible retinal phototoxicity from the operating microscope.

Cataract Extraction↗