[Reactions of 3,6-dimethoxy-4-nitropyridazine 1-oxide with alkylhalides].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Chemical Phenomena↗
Biomedical subjects
M Yanai
Publications and source records attributed to M Yanai.
Tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance and alveolar epithelial permeability measured by PET with 18FDG powder.
Tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance and alveolar permeability were measured with positron emission tomography using a water-soluble dry aerosol, sodium-N-acetyl-neuraminate tagged with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG powder). Five normal volunteers inhaled 1.5-2.0 mCi of FDG powder by a single deep breath. The distribution of radioactivity, measured by scanning during a period of 120 min, showed that the 18FDG powder deposition progressed from the central airways to the peripheral alveolar areas. In the tracheobronchial system the radioactivity decreased to 24% of the initial deposition at 60 min. In the peripheral alveolar area, where absorption into blood or lymphatic flow crossing the epithelial layer represents a unique mechanism of clearance for water-soluble 18FDG powder, alveolar radioactivity decreased slowly to approximately 70% of the initial deposition at 60 min after inhalation. Positron emission tomography using 18FDG powder provides a regional evaluation of both mucociliary transport in the tracheobronchial system and epithelial permeability in the alveolar area.
Absorption↗
Prognosis of elderly patients with dysphagia in Japan.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
Endoscopic bronchial polypectomy by high-frequency electric surgery.
Although polypectomy by high frequency electric surgery through the use of endoscopy has been widely applied to polypoid lesions in digestive canals, there have been very few reports of the treatment of bronchial lesions with this procedure. Recently, we have been successful in performing polypectomy without any complications using high-frequency electric surgery through a flexible bronchoscope in a patient with a benign bronchial polyp. Bronchial polypectomy by electric surgery has the advantages of preventing bleeding and providing large specimens for histological examination, compared with conventional methods, i.e. for forceps or laser methods.
Aged↗
Phosphate removal during hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, and hemofiltration. A reappraisal.
Kinetics of phosphate removal, based on hourly collection of used dialysate or filtrate and hourly changes of phosphate plasma concentration, were studied in hemodialysis (QB 300; QD 500 ml/min), hemodiafiltration (QB 300; QD 500; QSF 25 ml/min), and hemofiltration (QB 250; QSF 70 ml/min) for six 5-hour sessions in each mode of therapy. Whatever the pretreatment phosphate concentration (1.5-2.0 mmol/L range), and whatever the treatment modality used, final plasma phosphate concentration was in the narrow range of 0.8-0.9 mmol/L, and about 50% of the total mass transfer occurred during the first 2 hours. At the third hour, a steady state is reached, suggesting that removal of phosphate is limited by the rate of phosphate transfer from body compartments to extracellular fluid, which was on the average about 362 mumol/kg.hr. Consequently, total phosphate mass transfer accounts only for 20 to 28 mmol per session. Control of pretreatment phosphatemia in the range of 1.5 to 2.0 mmol/L depends on daily phosphate binder prescription, calcitriol supplementation, and control of metabolic acidosis; one cannot rely on intermittent phosphate removal during the dialysis session.
Hemofiltration↗
Effect of hypoxia on bronchial reactivity in dogs.
The effect of hypoxia on bronchial reactivity was studied in six anesthetized dogs. Bronchial reactivity was obtained by inhalation of histamine aerosol in stepwise incremental concentrations during fixed tidal volume breathing. Two kinds of hypoxia were induced by inspiration of nitrogen until the end-tidal oxygen concentration (FETO2) reached 15% (mild) and 10% (severe hypoxia). Pulmonary resistance (RL) was measured by the 3 HZ forced oscillation technique in the open chest condition. Before histamine challenge, hypoxia did not increase RL in any of the dogs with mild hypoxia (FETO2 15%) and increased it in one dog with severe hypoxia (FETO2 10%). There was synergy between hypoxia and inhaled histamine in all dogs with both mild and severe hypoxia. The magnitude of synergy was significantly higher in severe than in mild hypoxia (p less than 0.05). With vagi cut, hypoxia did not increase RL compared with normoxia at any histamine concentration. It is suggested that hypoxia enhanced bronchial reactivity through the vagal nerves.
Aerosols↗