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Biomedical subjects

M Yanai

Publications and source records attributed to M Yanai.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Prognostic factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Part II: Multivariate analysis. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group.

The pretreatment characteristics of 158 children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed April 1972 to June 1978 were analyzed for their ability to predict prognosis. The children were treated according to therapeutic protocols 721, 745 and 765, by members of the Japanese Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group. Multivariate analysis was performed to determined the relationship between the characteristics and duration of survival of the patients. The following characteristics were analyzed: initial white blood cell (WBC) count, age at diagnosis, initial hemoglobin level, initial platelet count, sex, organomegaly, and treatment regimen that was provided. By using multivariate techniques, factors were found which the independently and significantly predict the length of survival. These factors were initial WBC count (r0 = 0.2908), age at diagnosis (r0 = 0.2982), and treatment regimen (r0 = 0.2488). Using the major prognostic factors of age at diagnosis and initial WBC count, a formula to predict the survival time was established. According to the initial WBC count and age at diagnosis, we classified all cases of childhood ALL as standard risk and high risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Part I: Univariate analysis. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group.

The pretreatment characteristics of 158 children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed April 1972 to June 1978 were analyzed for their ability to predict prognosis. The children were treated according to therapeutic protocols 721, 745 and 765, by members of the Japanese Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group. A univariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the characteristics and the duration of the patients' survival. The following characteristics were analyzed: initial white blood cell (WBC) count, age at diagnosis, initial hemoglobin level, initial platelet count, sex, organomegaly, and treatment regimen that was provided. Favorable prognosis was exhibited only by those patients with initial WBC counts of less than 50,000/mm3, with age at onset between 2 and 6 years, without splenomegaly, and with hemoglobin levels between 5 and 10 g/dl. The most significant contributions among the various individual prognostic factors were initial WBC count (p less than 0.001) and the age at diagnosis (p less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Chemiluminescence by polymorphonuclear leukocytes adhering to surfaces.

Stimulation of the plasma membranes of granulocytes results in an oxidative metabolic response. This response can be measured by measuring the reduction of oxidizable substrates, such as Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, as well as by measuring the energy released as light (chemiluminescence). While investigating the oxidative response of human granulocytes, we observed a marked variation in the chemiluminescence response when leukocytes were suspended in a balanced salt solution without gelatin or any other protein. We performed systematic study to investigate the role of protein in suspensions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Final results were identical with human serum, albumin, fetal calf serum, and gelatin; gelatin was used as the protein source in most experiments. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes suspended in Hanks balanced salt solution without gelatin decreased in numbers during incubation at room temperature (approximately 50 percent after 60 min). Cell structures were observed on the walls of the tubes containing leukocyte suspensions without gelatin. Numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were stable in suspensions containing gelatin. A chemiluminescence response which peaked at approximately 10 min and was sustained for at least 30 min was observed in suspensions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes without gelatin. This surface attachment-stimulated chemiluminescence occurred in the absence of either soluble or particulate stimuli. Chemiluminescence was inhibited by either superoxide dismutase or sodium azide and did not occur with suspensions of granulocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. We postulate that both superoxide- and myeloperoxidase-dependent oxidative metabolic reactions are induced during the adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to surfaces. Gelatin or other proteins in leukocyte suspending media are necessary when assays are performed to evaluate the metabolic responses of these cells to particulate or soluble stimuli.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1981

Polarographic micromethods for the rapid assay of phagocytosis-connected oxygen consumption by leukocytes in diluted peripheral blood.

Simple and quantitative micromethods were devised for the detection of phagocytosis-connected oxygen consumption by leukocytes in diluted peripheral blood. A 20 microliter volume of heparinized peripheral blood was diluted with 180 microliter of HEPES-saline buffer and treated with CO; the mixture was put in an assay well (CO micromethod) or equilibrated with air by stirring it in the well for 2 min (air micromethod). The well was revised to be suitable for the micromethods. Oxygen concentration of the blood was monitored by a Clark-type electrode fitted to the well. The phagocytosis-connected oxygen consumption by leukocytes was induced by the addition of opsonized zymosan to the blood. Both methods were ascertained to give essentially the same activity. The mean specific activity (nmol/min/10(5) cells) of oxygen consumption by phagocytizing leukocytes was 0.65 +/- 0.20 in blood from healthy adults (n = 21). No increase in oxygen consumption by leukocytes was induced in blood from patients with CGD during phagocytosis. The activities of blood from mothers of boys with CGD were 0.29 and 0.74, the latter of which did not necessarily indicate a carrier status.

Granulomatous Disease, Chronic↗
PubMed1978

Histological and fine structural studies on pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy.

Pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy originating from the anterior maxilla in a two-month-old male has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumor is characterized histologically by two types of neoplastic cells embedded in considerable amounts of fibrous stromal tissue. The first type of cell is cuboidal to columnar in shape with an epithelial appearance having abundant cytoplasm; either scanty or a heavy accumulation of melanin pigment is observed in the cytoplasm. These cells are aligned along the cleft-like space or arranged in small ductal structures. Electron microscopy shows the characteristic features of melanocytic cells having a varying degree of asynchronous maturation of melanosomes. The second type of cells is small and round in shape and has a hyperchromatic nucleus and scanty cytoplasm, resembling neuroblastic cells or lymphocytes. Electron microscopy reveals cytoplasmic processes resembling immature neuritis which protrude into the intracellular space; a small number of secretory granules having a central core surrounded by a single limiting membrane are observed in the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic processes.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Characterization of pyruvate kinase from the liver of a patient with aberrant erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, PK Nagasaki.

The characterization of the L-type PK were made of PK extracted from the liver of a patient with congenital hemolytic anemia associated with an erythrocyte PK variant, PK Nagasaki. The L-type PK of PK Nagasaki showed the following parameters: slow migration on electrophoresis, high Km for PEP without F-1,6-P2, less activation by F-1,6-P2, normal Km for ADP, high utilization of UDP, acidic pH optimum, and instability to urea and heat. These tests served to differentiate this L-type PK variant from the other variants previously reported. At the same time, both the Km for PEP with F-1,6-P2 saturation and the electrophoretic mobility of L-type PK were found to be different from those of the erythrocyte PK and PK Nagasaki. Though the liver cell, with regard to L-type PK, has only the less functional and less stable mutant L-type PK there is no evidence of liver dysfunction or damage, although there is chronic hemolytic anemia.

Adolescent↗