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Biomedical subjects

M Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamaguchi.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Surgical treatment of atrioventricular atresia combined with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Tachyarrhythmia has been thought to be an absolute contraindication for the Fontan operation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three patients, 22, 9, and 11 years of age, diagnosed as having atrioventricular atresia combined with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome underwent surgical treatment. Each had drug-resistant atrioventricular tachycardia that required direct cardioversion. Two patients with tricuspid atresia had an intermittent right-sided accessory pathway (ACP), and one with mitral atresia had a concealed left-sided ACP. The ACP was divided using an epicardial approach in two patients and an endocardial approach in one. Simultaneously, the Fontan operation was performed with atrioventricular connection (modified Fontan operation) in one patient, and a total cavopulmonary connection performed in another patient. In the remaining patient, ACP division was performed 3 years after the Fontan operation. RESULTS: There was no early death or other fatal complication, and the hemodynamic results were excellent. During the mean follow-up period of 68 months (range, 5 to 127 months), there has been no late death or recurrence of tachyarrhythmia. CONCLUSION: Tachyarrhythmias caused by ACPs are not contraindications for the Fontan operation. Concomitant surgery is advocated, as excellent short- and long-term results may be expected in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Increase in human placental glucose transporter-1 during pregnancy.

Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) has been found in high abundance in human placentas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in the level of GLUT1 during pregnancy. We have analyzed the gestational changes in human placental GLUT1 by [3H]cytochalasin B binding assay, immunoblot analysis and Northern blot analysis. Levels of [3H]cytochalasin B binding to placental membrane in pregnancy at 7-10, 18-20 and 38-40 weeks were 4.2 +/- 0.47, 5.2 +/- 0.46 and 7.2 +/- 0.40 (mean +/- SEM, N = 4) mumol/kg protein, respectively. Amounts of 49-kD and 60-kD proteins detected in immunoblot analysis increased during pregnancy in parallel with [3H]cytochalasin B binding to placental membrane. The GLUT1 mRNA levels also increased during pregnancy. Immunohistochemical examination showed that GLUT1 was localized in the plasma membranes of trophoblast cells. These findings showed that the GLUT1 level increased during pregnancy in human placentas and suggest that GLUT1 may play an important role in fetal development.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1995

Regulation of rat placental lactogen (rPL)-II secretion: cAMP inhibits rPL-II secretion in vitro.

We examined whether epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and cAMP analogs, which regulate mouse placental lactogen II secretion, affect rat placental lactogen (rPL)-II secretion using a rat choriocarcinoma cell line, Rcho-1. EGF, IL-1 and IL-6 did not affect rPL-II secretion, but 8-bromo-cAMP and forskolin inhibited rPL-II secretion by the 8th day of culture. The effects were dose dependent and the lowest concentrations of 8-bromo-cAMP and forskolin that significantly inhibited rPL-II secretion were 125 and 5 mumol/l, respectively. Cholera toxin also inhibited rPL-II secretion. The reverse hemolytic plaque assay for rPL-II indicated that the cells releasing rPL-II in the culture were giant cells and that 8-bromo-cAMP decreased the number of rPL-II-releasing cells. Western blot analysis of rPL-II yielded a single band at approximately 24.5 K, and 8-bromo-cAMP treatment significantly reduced the band intensity. Northern blot analysis of rPL-II indicated that 8-bromo-cAMP also reduced rPL-II gene expression. These findings suggest that the increase of intracellular cAMP accumulation results in inhibition of rPL-II secretion by decreasing rPL-II gene expression and inhibiting giant cell differentiation.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1995

Activin inhibits but inhibin activates mouse placental lactogen-II secretion.

The regulation of mouse placental lactogen (mPL)-I and mPL-II secretion by activin and inhibin and the expression of activin and inhibin subunit mRNAs in the mouse decidua were examined. Activin-A at a concentration of 10 nM/l significantly inhibited mPL-II secretion by placental cells from days 9 and 12 of pregnancy. However, activin-A did not affect mPL-I secretion by cells from days 7 and 9 of pregnancy nor mPL-II secretion by cells from day 7 of pregnancy. By contrast, 10 nM/l inhibin activated mPL-II secretion by cells from day 12 of pregnancy. These effects of activin and inhibin on mPL-II secretion were dose-dependent. Follistatin, which binds to activin and blocks its bioactivity, completely eliminated the inhibitory effect of activin on mPL-II secretion. Incubation of placental cells from day 12 of pregnancy with activin-A resulted in a significant reduction of the mPL-II mRNA level assessed by Northern blot analysis. Northern blot analysis using poly(A)+RNA extracted from the decidua indicated that mouse decidua, as well as the placenta, express all activin and inhibin subunits and that their gene expressions increased during gestation. The expression of these mRNAs in the decidua was much higher than those in the placenta. These findings suggest that activin and inhibin regulate mPL-II secretion and suggest the presence of an autocrine or paracrine regulation of mPL-II secretion in mouse placenta by activin and inhibin after mid-pregnancy in vivo.

Activins↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of mouse placental lactogen-II release from placental cells by interleukin-1 after mid-pregnancy.

The effects of interleukin (IL)-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which are present in the mouse placenta, on the secretion of mouse placental lactogen (mPL)-1 and mPL-II by placental cells were tested in vitro. IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, 2.5 nmol/l each, significantly inhibited mPL-II secretion by cells from days 9 and 12 of pregnancy, but did not affect mPL-II secretion by cells from day 7 of pregnancy or mPL-I secretion by cells from days 7, 9 or 12 of pregnancy. GM-CSF had no effect on mPL-I and mPL-II secretion by cells from days 7, 9 or 12 of pregnancy. The inhibitory effects of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta on mPL-II secretion were completely eliminated by the addition of antibodies to IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta respectively. Western blot analysis for mPL-II indicated that IL-1 alpha significantly reduced the intensity of the mPL-II band. Steady-state levels of mPL-II mRNA, assessed by Northern blot analysis, were reduced by incubation of placental cells from day 12 of pregnancy with 2.5 nmol/l IL-1 alpha for 5 days. Co-incubation of 0.25 pmol/l IL-1 alpha, 25 pmol/l IL-6, and 25 pmol/l tumor necrosis factor-alpha, each of which did not significantly inhibit mPL-II secretion by itself, together inhibited mPL-II secretion. These results suggest that IL-1, but not GM-CSF, is a potent inhibitor of mPL-II secretion after mid-pregnancy, and that the combined action of cytokines can inhibit mPL-II secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Occurrence of malignancy in patients with biopsy-proven temporal arteritis].

A woman of 79 years was admitted to our hospital because of headache and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Temporal artery biopsy demonstrated giant cell arteritis and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were effective. Another woman of 69 years was admitted because of headache, high ESR, and polymyalgia. Temporal arteritis (TA) with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) was established in biopsy of the temporal artery, and steroid therapy was effective. In our hospital, a third patient of 81 years was also suffering from TA with PMR, but temporal artery biopsy was not performed. Those three cases were followed for several years after the diagnosis of TA. Two years later, cancer in cervix of uterus was diagnosed in first case, and acute myelogenous leukemia in second case. However, such symptoms were not observed in third case. These findings and recently described reports suggest that the patients with biopsy-proven TA may have an increased risk of developing malignancy.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

A beta 2-agonist, procaterol, inhibits basophil migration.

Beta 2-receptor agonists have recently been reported to be effective on allergen-induced late-phase reaction (LPR) in addition to their inhibitory effect on immediate-phase reaction, although the precise mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we tested the effect of a selective beta 2-agonist, procaterol, on human basophil migration, which may be an important characteristic of LPR. Procaterol inhibited IL-8- and C5a-induced basophil migration in a dose-dependent fashion; 10(-7) M of procaterol reduced 30% of migration induced by both factors. The action of procaterol was rapid since the inhibition of migration was detected without preincubation and was not via the toxic effect on basophils as assessed by trypan blue test. The results of this study extend the repertoire of anti-inflammatory actions of beta 2-agonists.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1995

[A case of Ebstein's anomaly treated by tricuspid valve replacement].

A 8-year-old girl with Ebstein's anomaly was operated on because of progressive heart failure caused by severe tricuspid regurgitation. At the operation, the tricuspid leaflets were found to be destroyed, and the annulus was very enlarged. The enlarged true tricuspid annulus was constricted using the DeVega method, and the tricuspid valve was replaced on the true annulus using a porcine valve. To avoid injury to the auriculoventricular bundle, the suture line was shifted to the false annulus at the portion close to the course of His' bundle. Postoperative course was uneventful in satisfactory condition. The role of valve replacement in the treatment of Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve is not only to improve valve formation, but also to secure the function of the right ventricle. It is ideal to replace the tricuspid valve on the true annulus provided that the injury to the His' bundle is safely avoided.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Frequent expression of shared idiotypes in mantle cell lymphoma and extranodal small lymphocytic/non-mantle cell diffuse small cleaved lymphoma.

A panel of 14 anti-shared idiotype (Sid) monoclonal antibodies selected according to their high cross-reactivity to various lymphomas was immunohistologically tested for reactivity with seven reactive lymphoid tissue specimens and 227 B cell lymphoma specimens obtained from Japanese patients. In the reactive lymphoid tissues, the anti-Sld antibodies each reacted with a subpopulation of cells in the mantle zone and interfollicular areas; they rarely reacted with cells in the germinal center. In the B cell lymphomas, 13 anti-Sld antibodies reacted with a total of 78 of 186 (42%) specimens bearing immunoglobulin; none of the antibodies reacted with 41 specimens not bearing immunoglobulin. In mantle cell lymphomas (15/19, 79%) and extranodal small lymphocytic/non-mantle cell diffuse small cleaved lymphomas (11/15, 73%), the reactivity of the antibodies was high compared with that in the other lymphomas (52/152, 34%; P = 0.0002 and 0.004, respectively), including follicular lymphomas (11/42, 27%; P = 0.002 and 0.002, respectively). Since idiotypes are associated with the hypervariable regions and antigen-binding sites of immunoglobulin, these findings may reflect the differences in the regions/sites in each of these diseases.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1995

Quality of hematologic recovery in patients with aplastic anemia following cyclosporine therapy.

To evaluate quality of hematologic recovery in aplastic anemia (AA) patients treated with cyclosporine A (CyA), we examined polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNCL) from 25 AA patients for clonality and glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein expression. Using three different X-linked gene probes, we failed to detect clonal hematopoiesis in seven CyA-responsive female patients. Clonal hematopoiesis was detected in two of six female patients refractory to CyA therapy, although one of these two patients had shown monoclonality before therapy. Flow-cytometric analysis revealed a normal expression of GPI-linked membrane proteins, including CD55, CD59, and CD16 on PMN in all patients treated with CyA, irrespective of response, except for one patient who had a small proportion of GPI-anchored membrane protein-negative cells before therapy. The proportion remained unchanged 41 months after hematologic recovery following CyA therapy. These findings suggest that successful therapy of AA with CyA may not be associated with a significant risk of developing late clonal complications, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and myelodysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Establishment of a new human cell line, LI90, exhibiting characteristics of hepatic Ito (fat-storing) cells.

BACKGROUND: Thus far, human hepatic Ito (fat-storing) cell lines have not been established. Therefore, functional characteristics of Ito cells have not been fully investigated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We established a new cell line, LI90, that exhibited characteristics compatible with those of Ito cells from a human hepatic mesenchymal tumor. LI90 cells were examined with phase-contrast microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetics, and their vitamin A-storing activity was analyzed. To obtain a marker specific for Ito cells for immunohistochemical analyses, we raised mAb against LI90 cells and clarified the molecular nature of the Ag recognized with the new Ab using an expression cloning approach. RESULTS: LI90 cells showed polygonal shape and had well developed alpha-smooth muscle actin filaments in their cytoplasm. In an overconfluent culture condition, LI90 cells aggregated to form a typical hills-and-valleys structure, LI90 cells produced various connective tissue components, such as collagen types I, III, IV, V, and VI, laminin, and fibronectin. In culture media containing vitamin A, LI90 cells formed many fat droplets in their cytoplasm, and fluorescence characteristic of vitamin A was observed in the droplets. By immunizing mice with LI90 cells, three separate mAb specifically reacting with Ito cells in human liver sections were established, and the Ag recognized with all three Ab were identified as extracellular matrix tenascin. CONCLUSIONS: The above-described morphologic and functional characteristics, including vitamin A-storage and biosynthesis of tenascin, are compatible with those of Ito cells. Therefore, LI90 cells will be useful for in vitro studies of functions of human Ito cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1995

Estimation of age from image processing of soft X-ray findings in Japanese male thyroid cartilages.

A method was developed for estimating the age at death based on image processing of soft X-ray pictures of thyroid cartilage from Japanese males. Data for 501 individuals were used to derive equations for this determination. Prior to image processing, gross morphological findings were used for estimation. Soft X-ray pictures indicated ossification with age and one index for image processing was introduced. The exponential function was applied to age estimation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Estimation of age from soft X-ray findings of Japanese females thyroid cartilages.

A method for estimating the age at death using the image processing of soft X-ray pictures of the thyroid cartilages of Japanese females was examined. The soft X-ray pictures showed increasing ossification with age. One index for image processing was introduced. It is ossification rate (OSFR). Corresponding to this index, one age estimation equation was obtained. This age estimation equation showed accuracies of 60% or more for the age range of +/- 5 years and about 80% for the age range of +/- 8 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Autopsy cases of giant heart during the past ten years in Osaka (1985-1994).

We collected data from 30 autopsied cases, in which the heart weight were 800 g or more (maximum 1,300 g), at the Osaka Medical Examiner's office, for past 10 years. Among these cases, the cause of death was cardiac failure in 17 cases (56.7%), followed by pulmonary diseases (3 cases, 10.0%), cerebral infarction (3 cases, 10.0%), and aortic rupture (2 cases, 6.6%). The mean weight of the giant hearts was 880 g (about 77% of the cases) and 4 cases (13%) had 1,000 g or more. The mean height of the giant heart victims was close to the standard level, and thus the mean level of the ratio of heart weight to height were about 2.5 times higher than the standard levels. The liver weights were also greater by 500-1,000 g than the standard levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of sarcoidosis with right pneumothorax and multiple cavities in both lung fields].

A 26-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of cavitary lesions on his chest X-ray film. Chest CT and conventional tomograms showed multiple cavities in both lung fields, as well as hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. He had uveitis and the laboratory data showed a high level of angiotensin converting enzyme in the serum. Histological findings of the specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy showed non-caseating epithelioid cell granuloma, consistent with sarcoidosis. Corticosteroid therapy (prednisolone 40 mg/day) resulted in reduction of the cavitary lesions and the lymphadenopathy. Negative bacteriological studies and the clinical course strongly suggested primary cavitation, a relatively rare form of pulmonary parenchymal involvement in sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The frequency of sarcoidosis in Finland and Hokkaido, Japan. A comparative epidemiological study.

Finland and Hokkaido resemble each other; the four season climate with cold winters and cool summers is the same as is the frequency of tuberculosis. The size of the population is almost the same. From the 1984 Japanese nationwide sarcoidosis survey we got the data from Hokkaido (288 patients) in order to compare the information with similarly collected data in Finland from 1984 (1,378 patients). The crude prevalence of sarcoidosis was 28.2 per 100,000 in Finland and 3.7 per 100,000 in Hokkaido. The annual incidence was 11.4 per 100,000 in Finland and 1.0 per 100,000 in Hokkaido. The sex distribution was similar; 63% vs 67% women in Finland and Hokkaido, respectively. At diagnosis the Hokkaidoan patients were significantly younger. In Hokkaido more cases were detected via mass X-ray survey (43% vs 34%). Among symptomatic patients eye symptoms were more frequent in Hokkaido, whereas respiratory and joint symptoms and erythema nodosum were more frequent in Finland. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL) was equally distributed (82% vs 84% whereas parenchymal lesions were seen more often in Finland (49% vs 25%) as well as peripheral lymphadenopathy (16% vs 8%).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Video assisted lung resection and mediastinal lymph nodes dissection for lung cancer: small incisions for 4th intercostal space].

We established a thoracotomy method in which visual observation and a thoracoscope are used in combination. This method requires only small dermal incision--a three-cm-long posterior and two-cm-long anterior incision--in the fourth intercostal space around the angulus inferior scapulae. Using this method, we performed lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection on 20 lung cancer cases (preoperatively diagnosed as stage I, T1N0M0 cases). Because the conventional thoracoscopic surgery relies strictly on two-dimensional images obtained from a thoracoscope, stereoscopic information on the location of the operation could not be obtained. Our new method, however, in corporates both a direct view obtained from two small incisions and a view on a video monitor, so the surgeon has constant access to a stereoscopic information on the location of the operation. We found that this thoracotomy using a thoracoscope was not only very useful in terms of respiratory function, the alleviation of pain, and aesthetic appearance, but that it also reduced hemorrhaging during surgery, decreased the length of time required for the thoracotomy and suturing, and enabled mediastinal dissection equal to that of standard thoracotomy.

Adult↗