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Biomedical subjects

M Yamagiwa

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamagiwa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Estrogen regulates peptidylarginine deiminase levels in a rat pituitary cell line in culture.

A Nonidet P-40 extract of growth hormone-producing rat pituitary MtT/S cells was found to contain peptidylarginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.15), which was indistinguishable from an enzyme preparation from rat muscle in Western immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. This enzyme was immunocytochemically detected in the cytoplasm but was not secreted into the medium during the cultivation. When the cells were cultured for 2 days with various concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), the enzyme activity increased in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a maximum level (four- to fivefold higher than control) at about 10(-9) M. This increase in the enzyme activity was evident by 14 hr of culture and became relatively stable after 24 hr. It correlated well with the increase in the amount of the muscle type enzyme per cell as analyzed by Western immunoblotting. Estriol and a synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol, also increased the enzyme activity, whereas testosterone, progesterone, and corticosterone were without effect. An antiestrogen, tamoxifen, which by itself was inactive, partially suppressed the effect of E2. Exposure of MtT/S cells for 14 hr to E2 increased incorporation of 35S-labeled amino acids into the immunoprecipitable peptidylarginine deiminase. This increase was dependent on the concentration of E2, attaining a maximum level (about tenfold higher than the control) at about 10(-9) M. These results indicate that estrogen effects the increase in peptidylarginine deiminase content in the pituitary cells by stimulating enzyme synthesis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of the effect of localized skin cooling on nasal airway volume by acoustic rhinometry.

Ten healthy subjects (four men and six women) were subjected to localized skin cooling by submersion for 5 min of both feet and, in another experiment, one hand and forearm into ice-cold water. Repeated measurements of nasal cavity volumes by a new method, acoustic rhinometry, showed characteristic patterns ranging from marked increases in volumes lasting the entire exposure period to transient monophasic or biphasic responses to no change at all. The pattern in individual subjects was reproducible with the two methods of cooling, and it could be characterized by five types when related to baseline measurements during the preexposure period. Because of large minute-to-minute variations, probably determined by local differences and fluctuations in blood flow in tissues through the nose, evaluation of induced changes in the nasal cavity volume cannot be based on single measurements as has frequently been done in the past by using rhinomanometry as the experimental method. The mechanisms behind the characteristic patterns in immediate human nasal response to local skin cooling challenge remains to be explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Endotoxin and lysosomal protease activity in acute and chronic otitis media with effusion.

Endotoxin levels and lysosomal protease (collagenase, cathepsin B, and lysozyme) activity were measured in 104 middle ear effusions (MEEs) from patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). The MEE samples were classified into four groups: pediatric serous, mucoid, and acute, and adult serous. Endotoxin levels and lysosomal protease activity in MEEs were significantly different in the following order: adult less than serous less than mucoid less than acute groups, indicating that both endotoxin and lysosomal proteases are more closely related to the pathogenesis of pediatric chronic OME than to adult OME. In pediatric serous and mucoid effusions, endotoxin level had a significant correlation with activity of the lysosomal proteases. In conclusion, endotoxin enhances leukocyte infiltration into the middle ear, and lysosomal proteases released from leukocytes damage the middle ear mucosa and thereby prolong mucosal inflammation, which may be responsible for delayed recovery from acute OME.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Structure-activity relationships of airway irritating aliphatic amines. Receptor activation mechanisms and predicted industrial exposure limits.

Sensory irritation due to inhalation of diethyl-, triethyl-, dibutyl-, tributyl- and cyclohexylamine was estimated from the decrease in respiratory rate in normal mice (American Standard Method E981-84). The concentration-effect relations followed Michaelis-Menten equations, except for diethylamine, for which a threshold was found. The concentrations depressing the respiratory rate by 50% (RD50) for diethyl-, triethyl-, dibutyl- and cyclohexylamine were 184, 186, 81 and 27 ppm, respectively. For tributylamine the maximum response was too low to achieve a RD50 value. Pulmonary irritation was estimated from the decrease in respiratory rate in tracheal-cannulated mice. The respective concentrations depressing the respiratory rate by 50% (tRD50) were 549, 691, 101, 96 and 78 ppm for diethyl-, triethyl-, dibutyl-, tributyl- and cyclohexylamine. Only minor or no effects on the tidal volumes were found at the lower exposure concentrations. The trigeminal and pulmonary receptors are believed to be activated directly by the amines, and the receptor environments are believed to be lipophilic. Structure-activity analysis was made by comparing the effects of the amines with the effects of previously investigated primary n-alkylamines. Occupational exposure limits (TLV) were estimated for both effects. Finally, the sensory irritation effect was found to be an important part of the odour sensation, also below the TLVs.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

[Psychosomatic aspect of a choking lump sensation in the throat].

In order to elucidate the relationship between a choking lump sensation in the throat and psychosomatic status, the authors subjected 339 in-patients above 17 years of age with various kinds of otorhinolaryngologic diseases and evaluated their psychosomatic conditions by means of two questionnaires: Cornell Medical Index Questionnaire (CMI) and Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). According to the answer to one of the CMI questions "Do you often feel a choking lump in your throat?", the patients were divided into two groups: "Yes" group and "No" one. "Yes" group comprised 51 males (56.1 +/- 15.6 years old of mean +/- SD age) and 34 females (57.9 +/- 13.9 years old) and "No" group 170 males (57.7 +/- 14.3 years old) and 84 females (47.8 +/- 15.8 years old). The data were analysed for comparison between the two groups and the following results were obtained. Patients with benign and malignant oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal diseases were included in the "Yes" group with a significantly higher rate when compared to the patients with benign and malignant ear or nasal diseases. Patients in "Yes" group made significantly more complaints and judged to be significantly more neurotic and autonomic nerve dysfunctioning than those in "No" group. Therefore, diseases in the pharyngolaryngeal region more likely produces abnormal sensation in the throat as well as many other symptoms relating to the autonomic nerve function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of Impletol injection into paratonsillar tissue on abnormal sensation in the throat].

If the abnormal sensation, such as a lump or choking, in the throat was mainly caused by inflammatory changes in the palatine tonsils or their surrounding tissues and conveyed via vagal nerve branches distributing there, the sensation might be reduced by topically injected Impletol (Procaine and caffeine in saline solution), i.e. Impletol test for focal tonsillitis. One hundred patients with abnormal sensation in the throat were injected Impletol (Impletol group), 50 patients were injected saline solution alone (Saline group) and 50 patients had injection needle simply inserted into the peritonsillar tissues (Needle group). The Impletol group showed the best result and was followed by Saline group and then Needle group. Namely, the degree of sensation reduced by 80% or more in 38% of the Impletol group and by 50% or more in 62% of them. Those rates were 26% and 60% for Saline group and 28% and 52% for Needle group, respectively. Though the results were indicative of the effectiveness of the Impletol injection for the abnormal sensation in the throat, the difference among these three groups was not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Aneurysm of the extracranial carotid artery.

Aneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery are rare vascular lesions. These aneurysms usually present to the otolaryngologist or vascular surgeon as a cervical or parapharyngeal pulsatile mass. Rupture and hemorrhage are unusual complications. Central nervous system symptoms secondary to embolism or thrombosis, however, are relatively common. Because of these serious complications, surgical resection of the aneurysm with restoration of arterial continuity is the treatment of choice. We describe herein three cases of the extracranial carotid aneurysm treated at the Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan, in the past two years. Surgical treatments include end-to-end anastomosis, saphenous vein autograft replacement, and direct closure utilizing an internal shunt, respectively, after resection of the aneurysm. In all patients, the postoperative course was uneventful, and angiography six weeks after the operation demonstrated good blood flow through the repaired artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck--a clinical study of 27 cases].

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is frequently seen in the salivary glands, but may occur at other sites in the head and neck. We report 27 patients with ACC treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mie University School of Medicine, for 15 years. The survival rate dropped from 78% at five years to 36% at 10 years. This suggests that the long-term prognosis of ACC is poor. According to Batsakis, we classified ACC according to histopathology and emphasize that the solid cellular pattern had the worst prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical study of HCFU in combination with irradiation therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck].

Sixty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were administered a mean total dose of 75.9 g carmofur (HCFU) in combination with a mean total dose of 49.0 Gy irradiation therapy. The primary sites of cancer were: larynx 29 cases, oral cavity 11 cases, nasal and paranasal cavity 7 cases, hypopharynx 5 cases, nasopharynx 5 cases, epipharynx 3 cases, and others 2 cases. The clinical stages were: stage I II cases, stage II 15 cases, stage III 17 cases, and stage IV 19 cases. In 57 evaluable patients having measurable lesions, overall response rate, including 26 complete responses (CR) and 16 partial responses (PR), was 73.7%. Average doses of HCFU were 13.1 g at PR, 27.8 g at CR, and those of irradiation were 27.7 Gy at PR, 48.5 Gy at CR. The median duration of PR was 44.8 weeks and that of CR was 47.0 weeks, the overall response interval being 47.7 weeks. Of the 62 patients, 25 (40.3%) complained of side effects including pollakisuria (9 cases), appetite loss (6 cases), stomatitis (5 cases), and so on.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

[A statistical analysis of multiple primary malignant tumors].

The authors analyzed 32 patients with multiple primary malignant tumors treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, Mie Univ. from 1965 to 1984 and reviewed the literature. Of 1149 malignant head and neck tumors in our clinic in the same period, 32 cases (2.79%) were multiple primary malignant tumors. In this series, quadruple and triple malignancies were found in one case each and double ones in the others. The average age of these 32 patients was 67.5 years for the men and 52.7 for the women. The male: female ratio was 4.3:1. The average interval between the first and second tumor was 35 months, and in 17 cases (56.7%), they were synchronous. Laryngeal cancers were the most frequent double-primary lesions and cancers in the head and neck were most commonly associated with stomach cancers in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Sensation elicited by mechanical stimuli to the oropharyngeal mucosa.

An inaccurate localization of the site of stimulus, a higher two-point threshold for touch than those at lower lip or soft palate mucosae, and reference of touch sensation to the submaxillary cervical region following mechanical stimuli to the posterior oropharyngeal wall or lateral pharyngeal band were observed in the present study on otolaryngologists, medical students and patients with abnormal sensations in the throat. These results indicated that not only the somatic but also the visceral nervous system might contribute to the elicitation of sensation from the oropharyngeal structures behind the soft palate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Chondrosarcoma of the ethmoid sinus extending to the anterior fossa.

A 27-year-old women with chondrosarcoma of the ethmoid sinus extending to the anterior fossa had initial symptoms of blurred vision on the left and slight proptosis. Neuroradiological examination, however, disclosed that the tumor extended not only to the anterior cranial fossa, but also to the orbit, nasal cavity, and maxillary sinus. It is difficult to predict the biological behavior of chondrosarcoma by means of histological examination. The effectiveness of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or both is also a matter of controversy. Clinical aspects of chondrosarcoma are briefly discussed.

Adult↗