Rehabilitation of Blackfoot disease in Taiwan.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M Y Lin
Publications and source records attributed to M Y Lin.
Lateralized appearance of fourteen and six per second positive spikes.
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Adolescent↗
Will the role of the midwife disappear from Taiwan, Republic of China?
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Female↗
Agenesis of internal carotid artery associated with symptomatic partial epilepsy.
An 8-year-old Chinese girl had a first episode of symptomatic partial epilepsy at age 2 years. Despite regular treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), the seizures remitted and exacerbated. Epileptiform EEG discharges were evident, arising from the left centroparietal region. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan of the temporal bone and cerebral angiography demonstrated absence of the left internal carotid artery and ipsilateral bony carotid canal. Perfusion brain single photon emission CT (SPECT) with [99mTc] HMPAO showed a perfusion defect at the left posterior temporoparietal lobe. Brain ischemia due to agenesis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) was speculated as the cause of the partial epilepsy.
Carotid Artery, Internal↗
The use of total quality improvement techniques to determine risk factors for back injuries in hospital workers.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for back injuries among hospital employees using quality-management techniques. METHODS: Data from employee-health records were collected from 1993 to 1995 on a total of 100 back injuries. The data were reviewed retrospectively for risk factors using quality-management techniques. RESULTS: We identified two major categories of risk factors: administrative and environmental. The five most common causes of back injuries were as follows: inadequate or lack of proper training in body mechanics, not enough help in lifting, the load being lifted was too heavy, poor condition of the floor surface (slippery or uneven), and the patient was unable to help. The Workers' Compensation costs for the 100 back injuries was in excess of $600,000. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, several preventive strategies are identified.
Adult↗
Pathogenicity and drug susceptibility of the Pasteurella anatis isolated in chickens in Taiwan.
A strain of Pasteurella anatis (PA) was isolated from the sinus of an adult leghorn laying chicken with sinusitis, nasal discharge, drop in egg production, and low mortality, symptoms initially thought to indicate infectious coryza. The tiny, smooth, whitish colonies were identified as PA. To compare its pathogenicity with that of commercial broilers, nine groups, 10 birds per group, of 10-day-old broilers were individually inoculated with the strain of PA, Pasteurella multocida (PM), or Escherichia coli (EC) by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous inoculation. The PA was determined to cause the signs, lesions, and septicemic death, which are similar to the symptoms of PM or EC infection. At 1 wk postinfection (PI), the mortality rate was between that of PM and EC infection at 1 wk PI. Twenty antimicrobial-containing discs were evaluated, and the isolate was highly sensitive to cetiofer, amoxicillin, lincopectin, and furazolidone. Furthermore, it was moderately sensitive to tetracycline and enrofloxacin and only slightly sensitive to cephalothin, chloramphenicol, flumequine, nalidixic acid, neomycin, oxolinic acid, streptomycin, and trimethoprim. The PA infection was treated successfully with amoxicillin.
Animals↗
Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) in children receiving antiepileptic drugs.
The activity of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) was measured in random urines using the ratio (NAG index) of NAG to grams of urine creatinine in 102 epileptic children taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A high urinary NAG index (2 SD or more above the mean for the age-matched control/normal subjects) was detected in 40 (39%, 40/102) epileptic children with AEDs. None of the 40 epileptic children with abnormal urinary NAG excretion had significant proteinuria. Among the 83 epileptic children under monotherapy, 29 cases (35%) had elevated urinary NAG excretion. Valproic acid presented the highest incidence of abnormal urinary NAG index (78%, 7/9 cases) within the monotherapy group, and the incidence was statistically significantly higher than that (26%, 14/55) in the carbamazepine group (p < 0.005). In the monotherapy group, no significant difference in serum levels of AEDs was found between children with normal urinary NAG excretion and those with abnormal. Nineteen epileptic children were treated with more than one AEDs. Eleven of them (58%, 11/19 cases) had a high urinary NAG index. The incidence of high urinary NAG index in the polytherapy group and that in monotherapy group was not significantly different (p > 0.05). This study suggests that AEDs may be potentially nephrotoxic and that urinary NAG may play a role in screening renal tubular injury in epileptic children under therapy of AEDs. Further investigation should be conducted to determine whether the effect of AEDs on renal tubular cells is or is not reversible.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗
Essential myoclonus: report of four cases.
Four cases of essential myoclonus in childhood are reported. These include three males and one female, whose age-at-onset ranged from 2 months to 16 years. All manifested as involuntary movement of face, neck, or extremities without any known etiology. Only one case has a family history of myoclonus. They showed no other neurological abnormalities. The image or electrophysiological studies of nervous systems were within normal limits except that electromyogram (EMG) showed myoclonic discharge. All were treated by clonazepam with or without valproic acid. No significant effects were noted.
Adolescent↗
Electroencephalographic and clinical features of typical absence seizures in children.
From July 1986 to July 1991, seventeen typical absence seizures, in patients aged 3 to 12 years (mean: 7 years 1 month), were collected for clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis. All were first-evaluated patients at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic, National Taiwan University Hospital with thorough EEG examination (including waking and natural sleep records) and detailed medical records. All had no history of any brain insult, except for one who had had febrile convulsion before. There were nine female and eight male patients. All had regular bilaterally synchronous and symmetric 3 Hz spike-and-wave discharges and absences. Nine of the 17 cases had interictal focal spike discharges, located over centro-temporal area in 4 cases, fronto-central area in 2 cases and parietooccipital area in the other 2 cases. Another patient was found to have 3 Hz posterior slow waves. Four of the 17 cases had automatisms. Only one case had photo-paroxysmal response. Hyperventilation could induce clinical spells and typical EEG findings in all 17. Normal interictal background activity on the EEG was also found in all cases.
Child↗
Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome: report of one case.
A three-year-old Taiwanese boy with Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome is reported. Psychomotor retardation had been noticed since early infancy with hypotonia, muscle weakness, delayed motor milestones and imbalance in sitting and standing. Bilateral visual impairment proved to be congenital cataract. Speech was limited to a few words. The parents were consanguineous, and there are two similarly affected siblings. The brain computed tomography revealed cerebellar atrophy. The evoked potential studies indicated a central origin or brainstem lesion. The histopathologic study of the muscle showed variation in fiber size and regenerating fibers. The patient received intraocular lens implantation and was discharged under a home rehabilitation program.
Child, Preschool↗
Analysis and clinical correlates of the 14 and 6 Hz positive electroencephalographic spikes in Chinese children.
From January 1987 to March 1991, electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis and clinical correlates of the 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes were studied retrospectively in 2,026 Chinese patients, ranging in age from 1 to 18 years. All of them were the first-evaluation patients of Pediatric Neurology Clinics, National Taiwan University Hospital, each had had through EEG examinations (including waking and natural sleep records) and detailed medical records. The major findings of the present study are: (1) The overall incidence of the 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes in the series was 2.52% (51/2,026), and that in the age subgroup 1-5 years was significantly lower than those in the subgroups 6-10 years (p less than 0.0001) and 11-15 years (p less than 0.01). (2) 38 out of 51 cases (74.5%) with 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes presented normal EEG background activity. (3) 7 out of 51 cases (13.7%) had coincided negative spikes in frontal areas, and 12 out of 51 cases (23.5%) were associated with other focal or generalized paroxysmal discharges. (4) From the analysis of the clinical manifestations in the 51 cases with the 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes, the episodic attacks of headache, abdominal pain or other autonomic symptoms were most common (49%, 25/51 cases). Of the 25 cases, 19 cases (37.2%, 19/51 cases) were finally diagnosed as autonomic seizure or abdominal epilepsy and 3 cases were diagnosed as migraine. 3 of 10 cases with convulsive seizure or complex partial seizure were associated with autonomic symptom. (5) The etiology in 36 out of 51 cases (70.6%) remained unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Epilepsia partialis continua (Kojewnikow's syndrome): report of one case.
We describe a 12-year-old boy with EPC (Epilepsia Partialis Continua) who showed well localized myoclonic jerks in the left toes continuing for more than 19 months. Preceding partial clonic or tonic convulsions of the left leg or body were initially noted. Neurological examination disclosed mild muscle weakness of the left leg. During the course, neither mental deterioration nor progressive evolution was noted. Since the EEG revealed well defined midline central spike focus which represent the sensorimotor area of left leg and foot, we postulate that the pathophysiological mechanism of the EPC may be evoked by the focal epileptogenic activation of the motor cortex. EEG-EMG polygraphy proved the well localized myoclonic action potential volleys in the M. extensor hallucis longus of the left great toe. According to the clinical and electrophysiological findings, we classified our case into the group I of Bancaud's definition but failed to find out any demonstrable brain lesion throughout brain CT, MRI and angiography. Neurosurgical intervention is not practical for our case, and medical treatment gave somewhat improvement.
Child↗
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a case presenting with hyperreflexia.
We report a 10-year-old girl with progressive weakness of lower extremities, feet deformity, and sensory impairment on both feet for 3 years. Absent ankle tendon reflex, exaggerated knee jerk and prolonged nerve conduction velocity were noted by physical and electrophysiological examination. Nerve and muscle biopsy showed demyelination and neurogenic changes respectively and supported the diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type I. The point that the diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease remains possible even in the absence of family history and the typical clinical picture is stressed. Complete electrophysiological study and tissue diagnosis are required for early diagnosis, early rehabilitation and reconstructive surgery.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease↗
Cerebral gigantism: report of one case.
One case with the chief complaint of large head was diagnosed as cerebral gigantism (Sotos syndrome) according to the clinical picture and brain computerized tomography. This case, a one-year-old female infant, experienced rapid growth. Her height and head girth were excessive. Some degree of psychomotor retardation was present. Physical features included macrocrania, dolichocephaly, frontal bossing, hypertelorism, high-arched palate, large hands and feet. Cerebral ventricles were mildly dilated on brain computerized tomography. The diagnosis lied mainly on clinical characteristics. Diseases need to be differentiated from Sotos syndrome include fragile X syndrome, arrested hydrocephalus, Canavan disease and Alexander's disease.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Complex partial status epilepticus: report of one case.
Complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) has rarely been reported in children. We experienced a 5-year-old girl having had an abrupt onset of complex partial seizure with a fluctuating state of consciousness and aphasia. Electroencephalogram revealed repetitive epileptiform discharges originating from bilateral temporal and parieto-occipital regions over the background of diffuse continuous slow activity. Computerized tomography of the brain showed mild atrophy without focal lesions. All the other studies including bacteriology, virology, toxicology and metabolic screening were unremarkable. Intravenous administration of diazepam was ineffective for recovery of consciousness level and cease of seizure activity. A lasting control of the status was not achieved until intravenous phenytoin and oral carbamazepine were added for one more weeks. Paroxysmal attacks of periodic apnea with subsequent hyperpneic movements occurred the fourth month after the onset of illness. She regained language on rehabilitation program. Unfortunately, the patient had recurrence four months later despite medication. Finally, she died of aspiration pneumonia and status epilepticus eleven months after the onset of the disease. Compared with the other previously documented cases of prolonged complex partial status epilepticus, this case is notable for its unusual, complicated and severe symptomatology and long duration (three more months) with poor prognosis.
Child, Preschool↗
In vitro comparison of the activity of various antifungal drugs against new yeast isolates causing thrush in poultry.
Of 44 representative isolates of yeast isolated from the poultry upper digestive tract from 40 clinical thrush cases in Taiwan during 1985-87, 39 (89%) isolates were classified as Candida albicans, and 5 (11%) were classified as Torulopsis pintolopesii. Fifteen commercial antifungal drugs, incorporated individually in Sabouraud's dextrose agar by serial twofold dilutions, were tested for their inhibitory effect against the 44 isolates. The MIC50 of these drugs in increasing order was less than or equal to 2 ppm GV-11, 6 ppm gentian violet, less than 16 ppm amphotericin B, 16 ppm hyamine 1622, 25 ppm econazole, 35 ppm chlorohydroxyquinoline, 40 ppm nystatin, 64 ppm miconazole, 747 ppm malachite green, 1550 ppm benzoic acid, 1536 ppm copper sulfate, 3144 ppm Monoprop, 4951 ppm Mold Zap, greater than 16,384 ppm propionic acid, and greater than 16,384 ppm sodium propionate.
Animals↗
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: report of four cases.
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Adolescent↗
In vitro comparison of the activity of various antibiotics and drugs against new Taiwan isolates and standard strains of avian mycoplasma.
Twenty-nine antibiotics or drugs were incorporated individually into mycoplasma agar to evaluate their inhibitory activity against avian mycoplasmas: 100 recent Taiwan isolates of 7 serotypes and 10 standard strains of 7 serotypes were tested. All of the standard strains were very sensitive to erythromycin, chlorotetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and tetracycline, but the local isolates were highly resistant to these antibiotics. The drugs or antibiotics that possessed an MIC90 of 50 micrograms/ml or less against the local isolates were tiamulin (less than 0.4 micrograms/ml), lincospectin (2.7), josamycin (2.7), lincomycin (3.0), spectinomycin (4.8), tylosin (6.0), kanamycin (6.0), chloramphenicol (6.0), gentamicin (7.5), apramycin (24.5), doxycycline (27.4), minocycline (29.0), spiramycin (30.0), colistin (44.3), leucomycin (45.0), and streptomycin (50.0). The MIC90 of the other antibiotics or drugs was greater than 50 micrograms/ml. None of the isolates or strains were sensitive to nalidixic acid, ronidazole, penicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, carbadox, or four sulfa drugs at a concentration about 5 times the therapeutic level.
Animals↗