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Biomedical subjects

M Y Lin

Publications and source records attributed to M Y Lin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Immunocytochemical studies on desmin and vimentin in neuromuscular disorders.

Desmin and vimentin are two intermediate filaments, abundant in fetal skeletal muscle, almost undetectable in mature skeletal muscle which increase in regenerating and partially damaged skeletal muscle fibers. To determine their content in neuromuscular disorders immunohistochemical studies of desmin and vimentin were performed on 53 human muscle specimens. The labelled streptavidin biotin technique (DAKO, LSAB Kit, alkaline phosphatase) was used. Strong staining intensity was seen in regenerating and partially damaged fibers of inflammatory myopathies and muscular dystrophy. Necrotic fibers lost their reactivity for both filaments. Type II glycogenosis showed an increased reactivity for desmin and vimentin. A mild increase in desmin and vimentin staining intensity was observed in the atrophic cells of spinal muscular atrophy, but not in the atrophic fibers from other disease entities. Weaker reactivity for desmin was noted in atrophic cells of myotonic dystrophy. The immunohistochemical study of desmin and vimentin in neuromuscular disorders is helpful in detecting degeneration, or regeneration changes, of muscle fibers and may provide clues to the pathogenesis of various muscular disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Susceptibility of avian mycoplasmas isolated in Taiwan to 21 antimicrobial agents.

Twenty-one antimicrobial agents were incorporated individually into Frey's agar to evaluate their inhibitory activities against 86 isolates of avian mycoplasmas recently detected in Taiwan. Among them, 45 and 37 isolates were found positive with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae fluorescent antibody conjugate, respectively. Twenty-one other isolates were unable to be identified by the above 2 conjugates. All of the field isolates were highly sensitive (with MIC50 < 1 microgram/ml) to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, myplabin, tiamutin and tylosin. However, those field isolates were highly resistant (with MIC50 > 32 micrograms/ml) to apramycin, chlortetracycline (CTC), erythromycin (ER), flumequine (FI), nalidixic acid (NA), oxolinic acid (OA), oxytetracycline (OTC) and spiramycin (SP). The inhibitory activities of the antibiotics which possessed an MIC90 of 50 micrograms/ml or less against local isolates were, in decreasing order, enrofloxacin (< 0.004 microgram/ml), gentamicin (1.53 micrograms/ml), tiamutin (1.81 micrograms/ml), tylosin (3.2 micrograms/ml), streptomycin (SM; 12.0 micrograms/ml), colistin (13.1 micrograms/ml), chloramphenicol (14.0 micrograms/ml), spectinomycin (15.0 micrograms/ml), myplabin (16.0 micrograms/ml), spiramycin (30.0 micrograms/ml), minocycline (32.0 micrograms/ml). The MIC90 of OA, CTC, SM, FI, SP, OTC, ER or NA was greater than 50 micrograms/ml; which work poorly in the control of mycoplasmoses. Since the antibiotic control policy is quite loose in Taiwan, many antimicrobial agents are often freely used in clinics, with a resulting gradual decrease in the inhibitory activity to the avian mycoplasmas.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Comparative effects of exogenous lactase (beta-galactosidase) preparations on in vivo lactose digestion.

Microbial-derived beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) enzyme preparations improve in vivo lactose digestion and tolerance through enhanced gastrointestinal digestion of lactose. Three different beta-gal preparations, Lactogest (soft gel capsule), Lactaid (caplet), and DairyEase (chewable tablet) and placebo were fed to lactose maldigesters with either 20 g or 50 g of lactose to compare the efficacy of these products and to further establish a dose-response relationship for use. All enzyme preparations dramatically reduced both the peak and total breath hydrogen production when fed with milk containing 20 g of lactose. Four capsules of Lactogest, two caplets of Lactaid, or two tablets of DairyEase (each treatment containing approx 6000 IU) reduced total hydrogen production significantly (P < 0.05) below that observed with two capsules of Lactogest (containing approx 3000 IU) in a stoichiometric manner. Symptoms were significantly (P < 0.05) less severe with all the beta-gal products. In contrast, with 50 g of lactose in water, peak and total hydrogen production was modestly, but not significantly reduced by the enzyme treatment. Furthermore, symptom scores for bloating, cramping, nausea, pain, diarrhea, and flatus were not different between treatments and the control. The 50-g lactose dose appeared to overwhelm the ability of either 3000 or 6000 IU of beta-gal to assist significantly with lactose digestion. Results from these studies demonstrate the relative equivalency of chewable, caplet, and soft-gel beta-gal products, based on IUs of enzyme fed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Massive hemoptysis caused by a ruptured subclavian artery aneurysm.

We report a case of left subclavian artery aneurysm, which ruptured and penetrated through the left upper lung parenchyma causing massive hemoptysis and a left hemothorax. Through sternothoracotomy, tangential aneurysmorrhaphy under proximal control and left upper pulmonary lobectomy were performed. The patient is doing well after nearly three years of follow-up.

Aneurysm, Ruptured↗
PubMed1992

The defensin-related murine CRS1C gene: expression in Paneth cells and linkage to Defcr, the cryptdin locus.

The site of defensin-related CRS1C gene expression in mouse small bowel and the chromosomal location of the CRS1C locus, Defcr-rs1, have been determined. CRS1C (cryptdin-related sequence 1C) mRNA is an abundant small intestinal sequence that exhibits extensive similarity to the prepro-coding regions of defensin mRNAs yet does not encode a defensin (A. J. Ouellette and J. C. Lualdi, 1990, J. Biol. Chem. 265: 9831-9837). Using sequence-specific probes, CRS1C mRNA was detected in Paneth cells at the base of intestinal crypts by in situ hybridization. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNAs from inbred and recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains, also conducted with probes specific for CRS1C, showed that the CRS1C locus maps to the proximal region of Chromosome 8. In 62 RI strains, no discordancies were found between Defcr-rs1 and Defcr, the cryptdin gene. Thus, both the Defcr-rs1 and the Defcr genes are expressed in Paneth cells and both are genetically inseparable within 1.58 cM on Chromosome 8. These studies identify a second defensin-related Paneth cell gene in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Surgery for malignant involvement of the superior vena cava.

This study reviews surgical operations on seven patients with intrathoracic tumors involving the superior vena cava (SVC). Among these patients, five were found to have advanced bronchogenic carcinoma; one was found to have thyroid carcinoma; and another was found to have thymic carcinoma. The incidence of SVC involvement in resectable lung cancer patients at the National Cheng-Kung University Hospital was 5.8% (5/85). Total excision of SVC was done in three patients and three different prostheses (ringed GoreTex, woven Dacron and pericardial tube graft) were interposed. Four patients underwent partial excision and repair: one by direct suture and three by autologous pericardial patch. A temporary SVC-right atrium internal shunt was used in two of these seven patients. The mean time of SVC cross-clamping in five patients was 20 minutes (10-28 minutes), and the mean value of the central venous pressure at the time of SVC cross-clamping was 34 mmHg (18-54 mmHg). There were no operative deaths or neurologic sequels. Venography or computed tomography obtained 7-100 days after surgery demonstrated all but one to be patent. In conclusion, SVC reconstruction with concomitant tumor resection can be performed if a patient fulfills the following criteria: 1) there is no distant metastasis; 2) a radiosensitive or chemotherapy-effective tumor has been ruled out; and 3) total SVC occlusion or prominent collateral circulation should be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The Rett and Rett-like syndromes: a broad concept.

Eight patients who satisfied the following three criteria: 1) autistic behavior, 2) mental retardation and 3) stereotypic hand movements were evaluated. Four patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for the Rett syndrome developed by representatives of the International Rett Syndrome Association and the Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, USA. The other four Rett-like patients were atypical in the sense that the manifestations were incomplete or psychomotor development throughout the first 6 months of life was abnormal or the disease was heralded by infantile spasms with transient stereotypic hand movements or the baby was born with congenital microcephaly. All eight patients were girls. No laboratory test result specific for the Rett syndrome or Rett-like syndrome was obtained.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1991

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: muscle fiber type analysis with particular reference to small angular fibers.

Muscle biopsies from 14 patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) aged from 5 to 45 years were studied histochemically with fiber type analysis, focusing on small angular fibers (SAF) to clarify their significance. There were no duration-related or age-dependent histopathological differences between child and adult patients. Variations in fiber size and SAF were observed in all, myonecrosis with occasional phagocytosis in 10 and regenerating fibers in 12 biopsies. Cellular responses including inflammatory cell infiltration (7 biopsies) and connective tissue proliferation (8 biopsies), and fiber architectural changes (9 biopsies) were additional common findings. Although SAF are also commonly seen in patients with Kugelberg-Welander disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in FSHD they were mostly type 2C fibers which frequently exhibit alkaline phosphatase-positive activity. Therefore SAF in FSHD are mostly the products of a regeneration rather than denervation process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Influence of nonfermented dairy products containing bacterial starter cultures on lactose maldigestion in humans.

The effect of nonfermented dairy products containing yogurt or acidophilus cultures on lactose utilization by lactose-maldigesting humans was investigated. Yogurt and acidophilus milk containing 10(7) or 10(8) of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, or Lactobacillus acidophilus, respectively, were prepared using commercially processed 2% low fat milk. Immediately following inoculation, products were refrigerated. Lactose maldigestion was monitored by measuring breath hydrogen excretion at hourly intervals for 8 h following consumption of 400 ml of each test meal containing approximately 20 g of lactose. The yogurt milk containing 10(8) cfu/ml was shown to contain significant concentrations of microbial beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23; approximately 3 U/ml), which remained stable for at least 14 d at refrigerator temperatures. Breath hydrogen peaks were delayed and significantly lower (approximately 20 ppm at 5 to 7 h) than control values (approximately 70 ppm at 4 h), and intolerance symptoms were eliminated in all subjects. Yogurt milk containing 10(7) cfu/ml demonstrated intermediate breath hydrogen values and was marginally significantly different from control values. Lactobacillus acidophilus strains with varying resistance to bile and total beta-galactosidase-producing potential were also tested. Only one strain, LA-1, which demonstrated low bile resistance and intermediate beta-galactosidase activity, was capable of significantly decreasing breath hydrogen values when 10(8) cfu/ml of milk was consumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hepatitis B virus DNA in cervicovaginal cells.

Hepatitis B virus DNA sequences were detected in seven (12.1%) of 58 cervicovaginal cell specimens that were obtained from pregnant women by polymerase DNA amplification assay. The presence of hepatitis B virus DNA in these cells raises the possibility that infected cervicovaginal cells may be a source through which hepatitis B virus can be transmitted from infected mothers to their newborns and between heterosexual partners.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Bacterins and vaccines for the control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

The preferred method for the control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum is eradication. Unfortunately, the advent of multiple-age farms for poultry production has made eradication impractical after the organism has been introduced. Live vaccination with the F strain of M. gallisepticum during the rearing period has been used to prevent egg production losses. More recently, an inactivated oil emulsion bacterin has become available commercially. Vaccine and bacterin offer protection against egg production losses, respiratory signs and lesions, and egg transmission. Vaccination of broilers, however, is not yet feasible, Bacterin offers minimal protection against infection. The use of bacterins and vaccines on multiple-age farms is being studied as a potential eradication tool.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

In vitro activity of rifampin alone and in combination with nafcillin and Vancomycin against pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Twenty strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with endocarditis were examined in vitro for susceptibility to rifampin, nafcillin, and vancomycin and to combinations of rifampin with nafcillin or vancomycin. Minimum bactericidal concentrations of rifampin ranged from 0.0031 to 0.0125 mug/ml, of nafcillin ranged from 0.078 to 0.312 mug/ml, and of vancomycin ranged from 0.312 to 1.25 mug/ml. The combination of rifampin with nafcillin was synergistic for 12 strains; the combination of rifampin plus vancomycin was synergistic for 5 of the isolates.

Drug Synergism↗
PubMed1977

Methadone: antimicrobial activity and interaction with antibiotics.

We studied the effect of methadone, alone and in combination with antimicrobial agents, on two strains each of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens isolated from blood streams of parenteral drug abusers with bacterial endocarditis. Methadone has its own antibacterial effect, although at supraphysiological concentrations, and is even synergistic with antimicrobial agents against some organisms. Thus, methadone does not interfere with the antibacterial effects of antibiotics in vitro.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗