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Biomedical subjects

M Wheeler

Publications and source records attributed to M Wheeler.

100 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Cholelithiasis: a clinical and dietary survey.

Cholelithiasis among male and female patients at the Royal Melbourne Hospital was studied, and the incidence of the disease in relation to various clinical and dietary factors is discussed. The patients are distinguished by sex and country of origin, a distinction being made between patients born in Australia and those born in southern Europe and now living in Australia. Appropriate control groups were also studied.It was shown that the incidence of cholelithiasis is higher in women than in men (3.0% as opposed to 0.7% in the Melbourne Hospital group), and higher among patients born in southern Europe than in Australia. A correlation was also established between marriage and the disease, and, in women, between having had children and the disease. The dietary investigations showed that in Australia those patients with cholelithiasis were fatter than the control patients. Equally well there seemed to be a strong family tendency to develop gallstones. No association was found between cholelithiasis and blood grouping. In the comparison of the southern European group and the Australian-born group it was shown that the former group had a higher incidence of the disease (9.3% as opposed to 2.3%), and that the overall incidence of cholelithiasis increased with age in men and was constant in women. However, when taken separately, the incidence in Australian female patients did increase with age, the higher proportion of women from southern Europe with the disease where the incidence was, in fact, evenly distributed in all age groups, accounting for this apparent constancy. It was also shown that a woman born in southern Europe increased the risk to herself of developing gallstones within two to five years of moving to Australia, and the contributory factors are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cystic ovaries: a phase of anorexia nervosa.

The ultrasonographic appearance of ovaries and uterus during weight-gain in patients with anorexia nervosa is described. In 11 patients who had sequential scans, ovarian volume on admission was considerably smaller than that of normal women but increased logarithmically with weight-gain. When body mass index (BMI) reached 17 kg/m2, ovaries were shown to contain multiple small cysts in all cases. In 5 patients further weight-gain led to the appearance of a dominant cyst; average BMI was approximately 19 kg/m2 at this stage. The changes in ovarian morphology resembled those of normal pubertal development. These results lend support to the suggestion that hypothalamic-gonadal axis dysfunction in anorexia nervosa is a concomitant of starvation; in the management of infertility, an ultrasonographic appearance of cystic ovaries should alert the clinician to the likelihood of undernutrition as the primary disorder in need of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrocution due to contact of industrial equipment with power lines.

Electrocution due to contact of construction equipment with power lines is not uncommon as a source of industrial injury. We report seven such cases. Two patients sustained cardiac arrest and were successfully resuscitated at the scene. Four patients lost consciousness and in two cases, amnesia for the event was encountered. No long-term cardiac or neurologic effects were noted. Surgery including amputation was sometimes required. In all cases, the patient was on the ground touching the machinery or touching cables connected to the machinery at the time of injury. The importance of exercising due care in industrial safety measures is stressed. Prompt CPR was life saving in two cases.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Androgen status in healthy premenopausal women with loss of libido.

Androgen deficiency may contribute to female sexual dysfunction and loss of libido. The role of the active metabolite of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in these conditions is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the role of androgens and DHT in the etiology of loss of libido in healthy women. We studied 29 premenopausal women with reduced libido (subjects) and 12 healthy females (controls). They were aged 18 to 45 years and in a stable heterosexual relationship. At 9 a.m. we took venous blood in the follicular phase for serum estradiol, total testosterone, and DHT, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and SHBG levels. Subjects were interviewed by a psychosexual counsellor. Using the modified Wilson's sexual fantasy questionnaire (Baumgartner, Scalora, & Huss, 2002) and sexual satisfaction by Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS Rust & Golombok, 1985, 1986) we assessed sexual drive. The total testosterone and DHT levels (mean +/- SD) were respectively 0.97 +/- 0.38 mmol/L and 0.76 +/- 0.37 nmol/L in subjects and 0.97 +/- 0.41 mmol/L and 0.77 +/- 0.15 nmol/L in controls. The SHBG and DHEAS were respectively 65 +/- 42 mmol/L and 3.76 +/- 1.0 umol/L in subjects and 65 +/- 29 mmol/L and 3.67 +/- 2.6 in controls. The scores of the Wilson questionnaire and GRISS were respectively 21 +/- 14.1 and 5 +/- 2.1 in subjects and 35 +/- 14.8 & 2 +/- 1.2 in controls. Subjects were more likely than controls to have low income (48% versus 8%, p < 0.02), a minor illnesses (57% versus 17%, p < 0.02), a history of depression (57% versus 8%, p = 0.025) and to report sexual problems in their partners (24% versus 0%, p = 0.053). Loss of libido in otherwise healthy women may be related to relationship problem, depression, psychosocial factors, and sexual dysfunction in the partner but do not appear to be related to androgen status.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Do latex precautions in children with myelodysplasia reduce intraoperative allergic reactions?

Children with myelodysplasia have an increased incidence of latex allergy, which can lead to severe intraoperative allergic reactions. Despite widespread recommendations to avoid intraoperative latex exposure, little evidence exists to support the efficacy of this practice. We examined the incidence of intraoperative allergic reactions in children with myelodysplasia who underwent 1,025 operations in a 36-month period before and after institution of a standardized latex-avoidance protocol. Risk factors for an intraoperative reaction were found to be a history of latex allergy (p = 0.001) and surgery performed before institution of the latex-avoidance protocol (p = 0.01). The estimate of increased risk for allergic reaction was 3.09 times higher in cases performed without latex avoidance. Recognized violation of the protocol after its institution led to severe allergic reactions in three patients. Our experience suggests that a latex-avoidance protocol reduces intraoperative allergic reactions in children with myelodysplasia. Development of severe allergic reactions with violation of the protocol reinforces the importance of vigilance on the part of all operating room personnel in its implementation.

Child↗