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Biomedical subjects

M Ward

Publications and source records attributed to M Ward.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Double-blind trial of cimetidine versus tri-potassium di-citrato bismuthate in chronic duodenal ulceration.

Thirty-seven patients with chronic duodenal ulceration were entered into an endoscopically controlled trial of cimetidine (Tagamet) versus tri-potassium di-citrato bismuthate (De-Nol). At six weeks, 83% of patients taking cimetidine showed complete ulcer healing compared with 74% of patients taking tri-potassium di-citrato bismuthate. By ten weeks, the corresponding figures were 89% and 84% respectively. Symptomatic relief was similar in both treatment groups and, despite advice to the contrary, continued smoking and alcohol consumption did not appear to adversely affect healing. Both drugs appear to be equally effective in healing chronic duodenal ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Radioimmunoassay for serum and urinary lysozyme.

We describe a radioimmunoassay for lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17, mucopeptide N-acetylmuramohydrolase) in plasma and urine. It involves use of an antibody, raised in rabbits, to lysozyme from urine from a patient with monocytic leukemia. This antiserum, diluted 4000-fold, is incubated with radiolabeled lysozyme for 2 h and antibody-bound lysozyme is separated from free lysozyme with dextran-coated charcoal. Validation of the assay included precision and parallelism studies with serum and urine samples from patients with monocytic leukemia and analgesic nephropathy. Results of the radioimmunoassay and those obtained with a Micrococcus lysodeikticus lytic assay correlated well (r = 0.94). Sensitivity of the assay was 3.5 micrograms/L for both serum and urine. The main advantages of the assay are its good precision and reproducibility and its high sensitivity.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Efficacy of cimetidine and tri-potassium di-citrato bismuthate (De-Nol) in chronic gastric ulceration: a comparative study.

Sixty patients with benign chronic gastric ulcer were treated in a controlled clinical trial to assess the relative efficacy of cimetidine and tri-potassium di-citrato bismuthate (De-Nol). Patients were assigned at random either to cimetidine or to De-Nol treatment after initial endoscopic diagnosis. Healing was assessed endoscopically after six weeks by an endoscopist who had no knowledge of the patients' treatment. Consumption of analgesic preparations (both for medical and for non-medical reasons), of other anti-inflammatory agents, and of alcohol and cigarettes was recorded. Of the 57 patients who were reassessed at six weeks, 30 had been assigned to De-Nol and 20 of these patients (66%) had completely healed; 27 patients had been assigned to cimetidine and 17 of these (63%) had also completely healed. Those patients who regularly ingested more than four analgesic preparations a day healed less frequently, but this effect was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between cimetidine and De-Nol in the initial healing of chronic gastric ulceration. The choice of therapy for chronic gastric ulceration will depend on cost, patient acceptance, and data from studies of more complex therapeutic regimens.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1979

Effects of pH, Ca2+, temperature, and protease pretreatment on interkingdom fusion.

The incubation of carrot protoplasts and cultured Xenopus cells in a protease solution has been shown to enhance their subsequent interkingdom fusion by a high pH/high Ca2+ method. The effects of Ca2+ concentration, pH, and temperature on the frequency of heterokaryon formation have also been studied. Potentially viable heterokaryons have been repeatedly produced at high frequencies (consistently greater than 10%), far exceeding those so far achieved in PEG-mediated fusion. Cell aggregates are readily dispersed after this method of fusion, permitting the accurate estimation of fusion frequencies.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Jejunal lysozyme activity and the Paneth cell in coeliac disease.

The jejunal mucosa of patients with coeliac disease contains significantly fewer Paneth cells (PCC) per crypt (p less than 0.001) and tissue lysozyme activity (JLA) P less than 0.001) when compared with a group of subjects with normal jejunal mucosa. Neither PCC nor JLA return to normal with complete clinical recovery and otherwise complete histological recovery on a gluten free diet. There is a significant linear correlation between JLA and PCC suggesting that the Paneth cell is the principal source of jejunal lysozyme.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Drug therapy in the elderly.

Special considerations must be invoked when prescribing medications for the elderly. Although basic absorption is unchanged, many elderly patients are prone to chronic diarrhea or constipation, either of which may alter intestinal contact time and, thus, absorption. Concurrent use of such drugs as antacids or iron preparations may affect the availability of some compounds for absorption. The problem of drug interactions after absorption is also important, since studies have shown that elderly patients commonly receive several drugs concurrently.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Immunological studies in frozen shoulder.

Serum immunoglobulin levels were determined in 25 patients with frozen shoulder and in 25 age- and sex-matched controls. Serum IgA levels were significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) in the patients with frozen shoulder and remained so after clinical recovery. Lymphocyte transformation to phytohaemagglutinin in 21 patients also showed significant depression (P less than 0.01). These results support the suggested immunological pathogenesis of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Complex nature of serum lysozyme activity: evidence of thermolability in inflammatory bowel disease.

In patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, alterations in serum storage temperature produced significant changes in serum lysozyme activity (SLA) as measured by the lysoplate method. This was not the case in healthy controls or in a group with other gastrointestinal disorders. Electrophoretic separation of serum revealed two components of lysozyme-type lytic activity but only one in extracts of gut mucosa, leucocytes, and egg white. The major lytic component of serum migrated towards the cathode and reacted with specific antilysozyme serum, but the minor component which migrated towards the anode did not. Although the cause of this anionic lytic activity is uncertain, it contributes to total serum activity as estimated by any method utilising the lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus, and may possibly be related to the observed thermolability.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Rectal biopsy as a prognostic guide in Crohn's colitis.

In a retrospective study, 64 rectal biopsies from 27 patients with Crohn's disease limited to the large bowel have been reviewed using a semiquantitative grading of histological abnormality. The subsequent clinical course was assessed independently, and patients were included in one of four categories: (1) remaining asymptomatic; (2) showing continued moderate inflammatory activity; (3) requiring colectomy; and (4) dying as a direct result of colonic disease. Biopsies from group (4) showed a greater degree of histological abnormality than those in the other three groups. This difference was statistically significant for first biopsies ((4)-(1) p less than 0-05; (4)-(2) p less than 0-05). In any one patient the histological appearances were relatively constant from one biopsy to the next. The presence of either fissuring or ulceration suggested a poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Abdominal wound dehiscence. A 10-year survey from a district general hospital.

The incidence of abdominal wound dehiscence at a district general hospital was found to be about 1.5%. Analysis of a group of 123 patients with dehiscence in 3 separate years during a 10-year period confirmed that disruption most commonly occurs during the second postoperative week. The suture material used for primary closure appeared to have no influence on subsequent dehiscence. After resuture the recorded incidence of incisional herniation was 19% and the mortality was 24%. Patients who survived resuture remained in hospital for a prolonged period.

Abdomen↗