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Biomedical subjects

M Wada

Publications and source records attributed to M Wada.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Endotoxin-induced serum factor that stimulates gamma interferon production.

Serum from Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected mice that had been challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibited a marked ability to induce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in cultures of spleen cells of normal mice in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). The inducing activity became detectable in the circulatory system about 90 min after LPS challenge, disappeared at around 5 h, and was observable upon 640x dilution of the serum. Addition of monoclonal anti-IL-2 receptor antibody to the culture inhibited the induction by the serum. The activity induced high levels of IFN-gamma even in nylon wool-nonadherent cells, while concanavalin A failed to do so. Serum from uninfected mice challenged with LPS contained no such activity. The molecular weight of the active substance, estimated by gel filtration, was about 70,000. There were pronounced differences among mouse strains in the activities of the sera prepared, which paralleled the amounts of IFN-gamma produced in vivo. However, the levels of IFN-gamma produced in whole spleen cells and in nylon wool-nonadherent cells from mice of various strains were the same when stimulated with competent serum. These results indicate the existence of an unidentified factor that induces IFN-gamma in cooperation with IL-2 in macrophage-depleted splenocytes. They also suggest that IFN-gamma production in vivo is not genetically controlled at the lymphocyte level but, rather, at the level of synthesis of the unknown factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

DNA replication in Escherichia coli mutants that lack protein HU.

DNA replication in Escherichia coli cells lacking protein HU was studied. HU has been suggested to be involved in the initiation of replication from in vitro studies. The isolated HU mutants, however, are viable under normal growth conditions (M. Wada, Y. Kano, T. Ogawa, T. Okazaki, and F. Imamoto, J. Mol. Biol. 204:581-591, 1988). Chromosomal replication in the mutants appeared to be normal with respect to bidirectional replication from oriC and to its dependence on dnaA and some other dna gene products. No significant defect was observed in DNA synthesis in vitro with a crude enzyme fraction prepared from the mutant cells. These results, along with the earlier in vitro studies, suggest that other histonelike protein(s) may substitute for HU in the initiation of replication in the mutant cells. Minichromosomes were more unstable in the mutants. In the absence of either the mioC promoter, from which transcription enters oriC, or the DnaA box (DnaA protein-binding site) just upstream of the mioC promoter, the minichromosomes were especially unstable in the HU mutant and were integrated into the chromosomal oriC region under conditions selective for the plasmid-harboring cells.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1989

Mechanism of biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in Pseudomonas sp. strain E-3, a psychrotrophic bacterium.

Biosynthesis of palmitic, palmitoleic, and cis-vaccenic acids in Pseudomonas sp. strain E-3 was investigated with in vitro and in vivo systems. [1-14C]palmitic acid was aerobically converted to palmitoleate and cis-vaccenate, and the radioactivities on their carboxyl carbons were 100 and 43%, respectively, of the total radioactivity in the fatty acids. Palmitoyl coenzyme A desaturase activity was found in the membrane fraction. [1-14C]stearic acid was converted to octadecenoate and C16 fatty acids. The octadecenoate contained oleate and cis-vaccenate, but only oleate was produced in the presence of cerulenin. [1-14C]lauric acid was aerobically converted to palmitate, palmitoleate, and cis-vaccenate. Under anaerobic conditions, palmitate (62%), palmitoleate (4%), and cis-vaccenate (34%) were produced from [1-14C]acetic acid, while they amounted to 48, 39, and 14%, respectively, under aerobic conditions. In these incorporation experiments, 3 to 19% of the added radioactivity was detected in released 14CO2, indicating that part of the added fatty acids were oxidatively decomposed. Partially purified fatty acid synthetase produced saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths of C10 to C18. These results indicated that both aerobic and anaerobic mechanisms for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid are operating in this bacterium.

Acetates↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of interpersonal relationship, interpersonal distance, and gender on nonverbal behavior in dyads of strangers and acquaintances].

UNLABELLED: To investigate the effects of actual relationship in dyads (strangers or acquaintances), interpersonal distance, and gender on nonverbal behavior, 32 (16 male and 16 female) undergraduates interact in same sex pair for 7 minutes. The nonverbal behavior investigated was look, eye contact, body orientation, head orientation, body lean, and utterance. The interactions were video-taped. MAJOR FINDINGS: 1. Effects of the relationship were found in the frequency of look, duration, frequency, and mean duration of smile, and frequency of body lean (forward). 2. Effects of the interpersonal distance were found in the duration and frequency of smile, frequency of head orientation, duration and frequency of body lean (forward), and duration of eye contact and utterance. 3. Sex differences were found in the frequency of look, duration of smile, duration and frequency of body lean (forward), and duration of eye contact.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[An experimental study on the osteoconductive properties of porous calcium phosphate glass ceramics].

Porous blocks of calcium phosphate glass ceramics (CaO 52 mol %, P2O5 47 mol %, Al2O3 1 mol %, mean pore size 200 microns, mean porosity 85%) were implanted in the distal femoral metaphysis of rats and were observed for up to one year. The materials were evaluated histologically and morphometrically using contact microradiography and Masson-Goldner staining. Comparative experiments were conducted employing similar methods as described above, with calcium phosphate glass ceramics, sintered hydroxyapatite and alumina ceramics, each having 70% porosity. The compressive strength of each implanted material was measured at a certain intervals up to 6 months after implantation. Bone formation was seen from the periphery to the center of the block. Mass of the regenerated bone and infiltrating depth of the new bone increased with the passage of time. New bone formation with the glass ceramics was observed to be almost equivalent to that obtained with hydroxyapatite, and was significantly higher than that with the alumina ceramics.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Changing clinical pictures of tuberculosis in recent 25 years].

An analysis was made to find the chronological changes in clinical manifestation of tuberculosis, mainly through the retrospective review of clinical records and X-ray films of total 625 patients who were hospitalized in 1960, 1970 and 1984. It was found that there were no significant changes in radiological findings, proportion of pleurisy among respiratory tuberculosis and mode of detection during the past 25 years. Changes due to the aging of population and decrease in primary infection were; (1) increase of older patients over 50 years of age in pulmonary, pleural and miliary type tuberculosis, (2) increase of diabetes mellitus and other complications increased. Changes due to the advancement of chemotherapy were, (3) shortening in the duration of treatment, (4) decrease of patients with negative bacteriology among hospitalized cases, (5) shortening of duration of hospitalization, (6) marked decrease of patients undergone surgical operation, (7) decrease of relapsed patients, (8) increase of smear positive but culture negative patients, and (9) increase of open negative cases. Changes related to medical care were, (10) increase of delay in diagnosis and (11) increase of patients diagnosed first by post mortem examination. Above finding were discussed in relation to the analysis of the epidemiological trend of tuberculosis during this period.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Pulmonary embolism as a complication in neurosurgical patients].

The overall incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) among neurosurgical in-patients, whose ages ranged from 23 to 80, was 0.7%. Our report here is based on five cases of patients with PE. Four of these five patients were over 50 years of age. They had been admitted because of such reasons as brain tumor, spinal cord injury, intracerebral hematoma, and venous sinus thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was seen in four but none were diagnosed before they had developed PE. Decreased level of consciousness and prolonged bed rest appeared to be common risk factors for PE. Mean duration between admission and onset of PE was 31 days. Although non-specific, tachycardia, tachypnea and hypoxemia were the most common signs and symptoms. As a definitive diagnostic procedure, pulmonary angiography was performed in most of cases. One patient required surgical embolectomy and others were treated with anticoagulation or fibrinolytic agents. In order to prevent recurrent thromboembolic phenomena, ligation of the inferior vena cava was a useful mode of treatment when anticoagulation was not indicated. And this approach seemed to be valid in most neurosurgical patients. We conclude that PE and DVT were not uncommon complications among Japanese neurosurgical patients and they can be treated successfully in collaboration with a cardiovascular surgeon if the diagnosis can be made correctly.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effectiveness, accuracy, and acceptability of breast self-examination as a breast cancer screening method].

(Breast self-examination) BSE was reviewed in terms of effectiveness, accuracy, and acceptability. Evidence on the effectiveness of BSE is inconsistent. Some researches show the effect of BSE for early detection and better prognosis of breast cancer, but others do not. Sensitivity and specificity of BSE has not been determined yet, but they are assumed to be lower than those of the clinical examination and mammography. Education of BSE for women consistently attained an improvement in frequency and skill of BSE practice. BSE may be a useful method for detecting breast cancer at the interval of periodic clinical examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Serological diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis by ELISA].

Pulmonary aspergillosis usually develops on the basis of systemic immunosuppression and/or local impairments of respiratory system. Diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis has many difficulties. Chest X-ray findings of most cases are complicated with pre-existing changes due to the underlying diseases, and the detection rate of the pathogenic fungi from clinical specimens is unsatisfactorily low. Therefore, immunological or serological diagnosis is urgently required and precipitation-in-gel method has been widely applied. In this report, we compared clinical usefulness of the determination of anti-aspergillus antibodies by ELISA with that of precipitation-in-gel method. ELISA was carried out according to the method previously reported by us (Yamamoto S. et al.: Kekkaku 62: 549, 1987). About two-thirds of 45 healthy adults (control) did not show any detectable IgG anti-aspergillus antibody and mean of IgG anti-aspergillus antibody titer of the control group was 28.97. Patients, who had shown positive culture of fungus or was clinically diagnosed or strongly suspected as pulmonary aspergillosis, showed significantly high anti-aspergillus IgG antibody titer in comparison with the control group. Further, patients who were positive in precipitation-in-gel tests showed significantly higher IgG antibody titers than those who were negative in that test. IgG antibody titer determined by ELISA corresponded with clinical diagnosis much more exactly than the results of precipitation-in-gel test. Further, the results obtained by ELISA were objective and quantitative in comparison with the latter test. We concluded that ELISA was much superior to precipitation-in-gel test and that ELISA IgG antibody titers 2500 or more were confirmative and those between 570 and 2500 were strongly suggestive for the diagnosis of aspergillosis. IgM anti-aspergillus antibody titers were not different among healthy control group and patient groups, and could not be used for the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Intra-arterial chemotherapy with angiotensin II in metastatic carcinoma of the liver using implantable pump].

Nine patients with metastatic carcinoma involving the liver were treated by hepatic arterial chemotherapy with Angiotensin II (AGT II) using a subcutaneous implanted pump. There were two primary lesions in the breast, one in the stomach, three in the colon and three in the rectum. Every patient received intra-arterial bolus injection of 5-FU and Adriamycin with 3 mcg of AGT II weekly at our outclinic. Of 7 evaluable patients, 6 responded clinically with PR (response rate, 85.7%). No adverse effects were noted in relation to AGT II. AGT II combined with chemotherapy is therefore a safe and effective method for even outpatients with liver metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Construction and characterization of the deletion mutant of hupA and hupB genes in Escherichia coli.

Insertion and deletion mutations of the hupB and hupA genes, which encode the HU-1 and HU-2 proteins, respectively, of Escherichia coli, have been constructed in vitro and transferred to the hup loci on the bacterial chromosome. The mutations were constructed by inserting a gene encoding chloramphenicol resistance or kanamycin resistance into the coding region of the hupB or hupA gene, respectively. A complete deletion of the hupA gene was constructed by replacing the entire hupA coding region with the kanamycin resistance gene. Cells in which either the hupB or the hupA gene is defective grow normally, but cells in which both of the hup genes are defective exhibit phenotypes different from the wildtype strain. The hupA-hupB double mutants are cold-sensitive, although their growth rate is normal at 37 degrees C. Furthermore, the viability of the hupA-hupB double mutants is severely reduced when the cells are subjected to either cold shock or heat shock, indicating that the hup genes are essential for cell survival under some conditions of stress. The double mutants also exhibit filamentation when grown in the lower range of permissive growth temperature.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Participation of hup gene product in ori2-dependent replication of fertility plasmid F.

The fertility plasmid F'gal was not stably maintained in a hupA-hupB double mutant of Escherichia coli. Moreover, mini-F plasmids pFZY1, pFTC1 and pFTC2 were unable to transform the double mutant, though these plasmids efficiently transformed cells harboring a hupA or hupB single mutation. The composite plasmid pFHS1, which consists of the f5 DNA fragment of F plasmid and the whole DNA of a pSC101 derivative that carries a temperature-sensitive mutation for DNA replication, was not stably maintained in the hup double mutant at 42 degrees C. These findings strongly suggest that HU protein is required for ori2-dependent replication of the F plasmid.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Genetic characterization of the gene hupA encoding the HU-2 protein of Escherichia coli.

The gene hupA encoding the HU-2 (HU-alpha) protein of Escherichia coli was mapped between rpoBC at 90 min and metA at 90.5 min on the K-12 genome by plasmid integration and P1-mediated transduction studies. Genetic studies using plasmid rescue techniques and physical mapping demonstrated that the gene order is rpoBC-hupA-rrnE-metA. The rpoBC is located approximately 10 kb proximal to the hupA gene, and rrnE about 8 kb distal to it. Thus, the direction of hupA gene transcription is clockwise on the E. coli map [Bachmann B.J., Microbiol. Rev. 47 (1983) 180-230].

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Infrequent loss of chromosomal heterozygosity in human stomach cancer.

By molecular genetic approach using polymorphic DNA markers which detect allelic deletion at specific chromosomal loci, we analyzed 30 human stomach cancers for possible loss of chromosomal heterozygosity. We analyzed 25 loci on 18 different chromosomes covering regions frequently deleted in several types of cancers. Loss of chromosomal heterozygosity was observed only in five of 30 cases examined, and it was infrequently detected at 10 loci on seven different chromosomes including chromosome 1 in two of 12 cases, chromosome 12 in one of four cases and chromosome 13 in three of 27 cases. It was also observed at loci on chromosomes 11, 14, 16, and 19 with very low frequency (less than 10%), but not on other chromosomes: chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 17, 18, 20, and 22. Thus, in human stomach cancer, loss of heterozygosity occurs infrequently even at chromosomal loci often deleted in other types of cancers.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization before and after V-P shunt in congenital hydrocephalus in rats.

Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was measured by the [14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic method in rats with congenital hydrocephalus before and after a V-P shunt. LCGU was decreased throughout the brain in hydrocephalus. The most severely affected regions were found in the cortex, with which a marked degree of subcortical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) edema was associated; regions in the brain-stem structures were less affected. These metabolic disturbances were improved in many regions after a V-P shunt. However, no improvement was found in the cortex; therefore, damage was considered irreversible. CSF edema was also found in the periaqueductal gray matter in which impaired LCGU was observed; however, this metabolic disturbance was normalized after a V-P shunt. This study suggests that regional differences in the brain seen in hydrocephalus and CSF edema may have varying ill effects on cerebral metabolism. Without prompt treatment, metabolic damage progresses and becomes irreversible. It is suggested that metabolic impairment in the brain stem which is reversible is due mainly to increased intracranial pressure (ICP).

Animals↗