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Biomedical subjects

M Vial

Publications and source records attributed to M Vial.

99 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Growth after early severe malnutrition].

In order to investigate growth following early severe malnutrition, two groups of 40 children and their mothers were studied, one of patients recovered from early protein energy malnutrition (PEM) at a closed center for nutritional recovery and another one of children under the same socioeconomic condition but who had never been malnourished. Both groups were matched for sex and age, and were followed by the same professional team for 9 years. A significant difference in mother's size (154.8 +/- 5.2 vs. 150 +/- 3.6 cm) and in patients size at birth (males 3,453.5 +/- 522.3 vs. 3,018.2 +/- 490.3 and females 3,328.4 +/- 563.4 vs. 2,654.6 +/- 579.6 g) was found in favour of the control group (p < 0.01). There were significant differences in height for age (H/A) and weight for age (W/A) (p < 0.001) but not in weight for height ratios between children for both groups (fig. 1 and 2). No differences were detected in bone age. Growth velocity was similar in both groups of boys (10.40 +/- 2.3 vs. 9.81 +/- 1.40 cm and 12.94 +/- 2.53 vs. 12.80 +/- 1.64 cm from 5 to 7 and 7 to 9 years of age respectively) but it was significantly greater in control girls (11.22 +/- 2.70 vs. 9.30 +/- 1.60 and 15.60 +/- 1.66 vs. 12.80 +/- 2.20 cm 5 to 7 and 7 to 9 years respectively, p < 0.01). These findings show that malnutrition before 2 years of age may produce long term effects on growth in children of low socioeconomic condition specially if, after treatment, they are turned back to the same unfavourable environment.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social environment in marasmic malnutrition].

Undernutrition is associated with precarious sociocultural conditions. Concerned to break the vicious circle of undernutrition and poverty, Chile has developed programs to solve this problem, among these are the Closed Nutritional Recovery Centers (CNRC), where undernourished infants are treated and their families are educated, in order to improve their quality of life and to sustain, after treatment, the nutritional status achieved by their children at the center. We have followed up for the past 9 years of 283 children who were admitted at age 9.96 +/- 4.97 (mean +/- SD) months, (weight/age 63.05 +/- 8.4% NCHS standards), for treatment in a CNRC. Only 13% of them sustained the nutritional status achieved before discharge, which proceeded at age 13.42 +/- 5.1 months, (weight/age 81.64 +/- 8.9). We also studied, in two transversal points along follow up, the socio-cultural factors that influence nutrition after discharge from the CNRC: father's alcoholism, the presence of another malnourished infant at home, and low socio-economic status at admission were significantly related to bad nutritional long term evolution, while higher educational level and marital stability favored better outcomes.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin and bovine IgG on the establishment of Escherichia coli in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice and human newborn infants].

The bacteriostatic effect of the association bovine lactoferrin (LF) and bovine IgG (IgG) was studied in vitro and in vivo against two Escherichia coli strains, S17 and EMO1, isolated from the faecal flora of mouse and man, respectively. These two strains were sensitive in vitro to the bacteriostatic effect of LF + IgG. A kinetic study of the in vivo establishment of E. coli S17 was followed in axenic mice associated with that strain. Seven hours after inoculation, no difference was observed in the faecal level of E. coli between control mice and mice fed the same diet supplemented with LF + IgG. An in vivo study was also carried out in human newborns receiving either maternized milk (Nursie) or the same milk supplemented with LF + IgG during the first 48 h of life. One group of babies was inoculated at birth with E. coli EMO1, while another was not. Between the ages of 1 and 5 days, the kinetics of establishment of the E. coli strains spontaneously found in the digestive tract of non-inoculated babies was not significantly different between the group which received milk supplemented with LF + IgG and that which did not. This result was confirmed in infants inoculated with E. coli EMO1. Likewise, the faecal levels of E. coli EMO1 were similar in the supplemented and non-supplemented babies, and, already from day 1, the population level was high and only slight individual variations between babies of the same group were observed. These findings show that the in vitro bacteriostatic effect of LF + IgG on the growth of E. coli strains is not found in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoradiographic method for quantitative evaluation of the blood-brain barrier effects of contrast media.

Opening of the blood-brain barrier after intravenous injection of different contrast media has been investigated by a quantitative autoradiographic technique using 14C-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) as the blood-brain barrier radiotracer. In this study, experiments were carried out in adult rats. Animals were injected intravenously with 2 ml/kg of the tested contrast medium, and immediately afterward with the blood-brain radiotracer AIB. The following contrast media have been tested: diatrizoate 38%, ioxithalamate 38%, ioxaglate 38%, the nonionic product metrizamide 40%, and a new nonionic product P-297, 400 mg l/ml. Control animals were injected intravenously with saline 0.9% (2 ml/kg) before the injection of the tracer. The degree of blood-brain barrier opening was quantitatively assessed by calculating the capillary rate constant for blood-to-brain transfer of AIB (ki) from the brain activity and the arterial integral for a 6 min experiment. Preliminary data seem to indicate that the intravenous injection of 2 ml/kg of a constant medium may produce a tiny opening of the blood-brain barrier. But, if this is so, this blood-brain barrier opening is of a very low magnitude in the normal brain and there are no obvious differences between the test contrast agents injected intravenously.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia in neonates: a clinical and pathological review apropos of 17 cases].

17 neonates presenting with bilateral hypoplasia of the lungs are reported. Histologic examination of the 13 neonates who died before the 24th hour of life showed 2 histologic types: a "fetal" type, similar to the pulmonary histology of 16-20 weeks fetuses, and a "miniature" type, with reduced dimensions, of harmonious aspect. The association of pulmonary hypoplasia with other fetal malformations suggests a different pathophysiologic mechanism for each type. Recovery may be possible in children with the "miniature" type.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗