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Biomedical subjects

M Vial

Publications and source records attributed to M Vial.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Conservative management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants.

We report our experience of medical treatment, chiefly based on prolonged artificial ventilation, of 33 preterm infants with PDA and heart failure whose survival rate was 88%. All of them had clinical criteria used by others to indicate surgical ligation of the ductus arteriosus. This conservative approach seems to give better results than surgical ligation, despite a high frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia among survivors.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMed1979

The number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in relation to gestational age in the newborn.

173 distressed newborn infants without evidence of bacterial infection were investigated at 12-hour intervals for the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes during the first 5 days of life. The results showed a significant difference in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in relation to both gestational and post natal ages. The study stresses the necessity of taking into account these differences in interpreting neutropenia as a sign of bacterial infection in neonates.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[Neonatal hematemesis caused by peptic esophagitis].

Five full term neonates presented with haematemeses on one of the first three days of life. All but one had been given vitamin K at birth. Two out of five had clotting abnormalities that suggested vitamin K deficiency. All had evidence of hiatus hernia and, on oesophagoscopy, had evidence of peptic oesophagitis. Bleeding is another complication of neonatal peptic oesophagitis.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1977

[Convulsions in the fifth day of life: a new syndrome?].

Among a series of 98 newborns who experienced neonatal seizures, 20 of them were individualized for they illustrated a "new syndrome": "the seizures of the fifth day of life". These patients were born at term, their maternal and natal history was unremarkable. Seizures always began around the fifth day and most often constituted a real electro-clinical état de mal. EEG reveals alternating sharpened theta waves, a pattern which seems to be characteristic. Some 6 days later, children recovered completely. Further evolution appeared to be always favorable. Although etiological enquiry remained negative, many facts suggested a viral etiology. This syndrome is probably frequent as it was also observed in other neonatal units.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1977

[Descriptive study of Fortesan: a new food product for preschool children].

Pre-school Children acceptability of a high nutritive value and low cost new food product (Fortesán) was studied. This mixture is formed by W.S.B. powdered milk and cacao. The purpose was to establish its a acceptability by the children and their mothers, in the Santiago population. A similar study had been already performed in 1972 in another marginal urban area and in rural areas. Inicial and final heights and weights were measured, and a socio-economical and acceptability survey was performed in all cases. The same experimental group was used as a control of it self. The study lasted 4 months, from April-May 1973 until August-September 1973. The sample was formed by children from 1 to 6 years old, coming from different socioeconomical levels. Results showed a good acceptability of the product both by the mothers and their children. It also showed a good influence in the height and weight that the children reached.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compliance of the total respiratory system in healthy preterm and full-term newborns.

The compliance of the total respiratory system (CRS) was determined by the occlusion technique during expiration in 19 preterm newborns (NB) over 31 weeks of gestational age (mean, 34 +/- 1.5 SD) and in 20 full-term NB. Postnatal age ranged from 1 to 28 days. No sedation was used during the test. In absolute terms, CRS was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in full-term than in preterm NB (3.17 +/- 0.71 ml/cm H2O vs 2.37 +/- 0.81 ml/cm H2O). When normalized for body weight, length cubed, [corrected] body surface area, and the Quetelet index (body weight/length squared) [corrected], CRS was similar in preterm and full-term NB. These results suggest that, normalized for biometric data, passive elastic properties of the total respiratory system are similar in full-term and preterm NB, at least in the gestation age range studied.

Compliance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the psychological consequences of environmental catastrophes: a feasibility study based on the 1992 floods in the Vaucluse].

Scientific studies of environmental disasters, whether human or natural in origin, have shown that the psychological impact of such events may be considerable and long-lasting. Several natural disasters have occurred in France, but their impact on public psychological health has not been assessed. In September 1992, there was a major flood in southeast France (Vaucluse), which caused 38 deaths. Four years later, we performed a pilot cross-sectional study to assess the feasibility of a larger epidemiological study to assess the psychological impact of this flood. Two affected towns were chosen for this study: Vaison-la-Romaine (VLR), where the flood was very sudden and 29 people were killed, and Bédarrides, where the water level rose more slowly. In Bédarrides, households were randomly selected from a list of victims (n = 100) and in Vaison-la-Romaine, households were randomly selected from the telephone directory (n = 140). Exposure to the flood was assessed by a series of questions, the answers to which were used to calculate an exposure score. The questionnaire also included psychometric scales for post-traumatic stress disorder (QE-PTSD), anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). In Bédarrides, the participation rate was high: 69% of the selected households were successfully contacted and found to be eligible for inclusion and 74% agreed to a face-to-face interview. In Vaison-la-Romaine, 51% of the selected households were contacted and eligible and 50% agreed to the face-to-face interview. Our survey showed that exposure was multidimensional and that it was possible to calculate an exposure score suitable for the analysis of exposure-effect relationships. The PTSD scale was completed well by the interviewees, several of whom did not fill in the depression and anxiety scales correctly. However, analysis of the responses obtained showed that these tools had a high level of internal consistency. Cross-correlations between the various psychological scales used in this study were highly significant (p < 10-4). There was some degree of association between some psychometric scales and exposure. This pilot study shows that a cross-sectional study of the long-term psychological consequences of an environmental disaster could be carried out several years after the event but that the feasibility of such a study depends ultimately on its acceptance by the public and the relevant authorities. It underlines the need to collect exposure data immediately after the event and enabled us to identify and to adapt the tools required for this kind of evaluation. It should encourage public health decision-makers to support such evaluation and to improve the psychological and social support available to people exposed to floods.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cholangiohydatidosis. An evolutive complication of hepatic hydatidosis].

Hydatidosis is and endemic disease in the south of Chile, especially in Region IX where remain rates of high prevalence. Cholangiohydatidosis is an infrequent complication of liver hydatidosis. The objective of this paper is to describe clinical features of a series of patients with cholangiohydatidosis. Series of cases of cholangiohydatidosis treated consecutively and the corresponding follow-up is reported. Clinical, laboratory and images characteristics are described. Descriptive statistic was used its incidence was calculated. In the studied period, 13 patients with cholangiohydatidosis were recruited, 9 men (69.2%) and 4 women (30.7%). Observed laboratory abnormalities were an increment of leukocytes in 8 patients (61.5%) and hepatic cholestasis with hepatocyte signs of cytolysis in 11 patients (84.6%). Choledocus diameter average measured by ultrasonography was 24.7 mm. All the patients had at least one liver cyst whose diameter average was of 12.1 cm. At surgery, evidence of biliary communications was detected in all patients and biliary decompression was carried out through a choledocostomy in 12 patients (92.3%) and by choledocoduodenal anastomoses in one case (7.7%). With a mean follow-up of 38.7 months morbility was 23% and mortality 7.7%. Accumulated incidence of this entity was of 0.07 cases in 5 years. Cholangiohydatidosis is an uncommon complication of liver hydatidosis that presents considerable morbidity and mortality rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sudden newborn infant death in maternity. Anatomo-clinical study of 31 cases].

PATIENTS AND METHODS: All cases of sudden and unexpected death occurring in maternity were studied over a period of 6 years (1985-1991). Anamnestic data, results of clinical examination of the body and findings of bacterial screening of body fluids or tissues were collected. The results at necropsy were also collected following the protocol used, with parental consent, in all cases of sudden infant death syndrome. RESULTS: There were 31 cases of sudden and unexpected death. Of these, 48% occurred before the 24th hour of life, 68% before the 36th hour and 84% before the 72nd hour. The majority of death occurred at night (55% between midnight and 6 AM, 90% between 9 PM and 9 AM). Analysis of the data provided a precise cause of death in 25 cases (81%), and a probable cause in 4 cases (13%). The major causes were perinatal anoxia, generally associated with massive amniotic inhalation (16 cases), and maternal-fetal infection (9 cases). No cause was found in 2 cases. Despite the fact that the death occurred unexpectedly, half of the newborns showed warning signs, some hours before the event. These signs were either not detected or ignored. CONCLUSION: The incidence of sudden death in neonates is 0.15 to 0.36/1,000 live births. Its causes are generally correlated with common neonatal diseases. Its occurrence at night and the existence of warning signs raise questions concerning the care of neonates in maternity.

Amniotic Fluid↗