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Biomedical subjects

M V Solanto

Publications and source records attributed to M V Solanto.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of sugar on aggressive and inattentive behavior in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and normal children.

Foods high in refined sugar are claimed to exacerbate hyperactivity and increase aggressive behavior. Controlled studies have failed to confirm any effect on hyperactivity and effects on inattention have been equivocal. Possible effect on aggressive behavior has received little study. This study assessed cognitive attention and aggressive behavior immediately following an acute ingestion of sugar compared with saccharin and aspartame-sweetened placebos in 17 subjects with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity compared with 9 age-matched control subjects. The sugar and placebo challenges were given with a breakfast high in carbohydrate. Although the children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity were significantly more aggressive than the control subjects, there were no significant effects of sugar or either placebo on the aggressive behavior of either group. However, inattention, as measured by a continuous performance task, increased only in the attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity group following sugar, but not saccharin or aspartame. This result is of questionable clinical significance inasmuch as aggressive behavior was unchanged. The finding may be due to the combination of the sugar challenge with a high-carbohydrate breakfast. These findings should be replicated and any possible clinical significance should be documented before any dietary recommendations can be made.

Aggression↗
PubMed1990

The effects of reinforcement and response-cost on a delayed response task in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a research note.

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are more inattentive, active, and impulsive than normal children. Some researchers have postulated that these symptoms can all be explained as a result of reduced sensitivity to reinforcement. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, we tested 20 ADD-H children and 18 matched normal controls, 4 1/2-11 years of age, on a delayed response task, a measure of impulsiveness, under conditions of positive reinforcement, and punishment in the form of response-cost. The contingencies each improved performance compared to baseline but did not differ significantly from each other. Neither contingency affected the groups differentially, thus failing to provide support for the reinforcement hypothesis.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1989

Does methylphenidate constrict cognitive functioning?

It has been suggested that stimulants enhance attention in children with (attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity) (ADDH) by producing a generalized constriction or "over-focusing." Such a phenomenon might be expected to adversely affect performance on tasks, such as those in the Wallach-Kogan (W-K) battery, which explicitly call for cognitive flexibility or "divergent thinking." Nineteen ADDH children, 6 to 10 years of age, were tested on two modified subtests of the W-K battery at baseline, following placebo, and following three different dosages (.3, .6 and 1.0 mg/kg) of methylphenidate. Contrary to the hypothesis, methylphenidate did not decrease but rather sustained output on the tests, which contrasted with a decline in productivity seen across nondrug days. Some ADDH subjects displayed particularly large increases in output following methylphenidate and may represent an atypical subgroup of children who became overaroused on medication.

Arousal↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of hyperactivity among newly immigrated Chinese-American children.

There has been little research on the prevalence of hyperactivity among Chinese or Chinese-American children. We administered the 28-item Conners Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) to the teachers of recently immigrated Chinese-American children in grades one through six and obtained data on 282 children. The percentages of children scoring above the criterion score for hyperactivity were 8.76% (boys) and 1.72% (girls). These percentages are less than those reported for comparable samples from all other countries, except South Africa. A factor analysis of the TRS data revealed a factor structure that was largely similar to that reported by Conners, but with notable differences between boys and girls. The relative contributions of genetic and cultural factors to the etiology of hyperactivity are considered in a discussion of the prevalence data.

Asian↗
PubMed1979

DDC-induced amnesia and norepinephrine: a correlated behavioral-biochemical analysis.

Diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDC), a dopamine-B-hydroxylase inhibitor, when injected into rats 30 min to 6 h before training of a passive avoidance task, impaired formation of long-term memory as indicated by performance on a retention test 24 h later. Performance of the task was at its minimum when injection occurred 2 to 4 h prior to training; recovery was evident in animals trained 5 or 6 h after drug treatment. Catecholamine assay of brains of temporally yoked animals showed that norepinephrine depletion followed a time course paralleling that of the amnesia. These findings support the hypothesis that the degree of memory storage, as reflected in performance following training in a passive avoidance task, can be directly correlated with the level of norepinephrine existing at the time of training.

Animals↗