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Biomedical subjects

M Uwaydah

Publications and source records attributed to M Uwaydah.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Brucellosis in pregnancy.

Brucellosis in pregnancy is a rare entity. It has been associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in animals and possibly humans. Among six patients with brucellosis in pregnancy, one requested termination of the pregnancy in the first trimester, one had a spontaneous abortion at 12 weeks that could not be directly related to brucellosis, and four continued their pregnancies with no significant increase in maternal or neonatal morbidity or mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Typhoid fever in pregnancy.

Fourteen cases of typhoid fever complicating pregnancy are presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by blood cultures in 13 patients and by a rising Widal titer in one. Stool cultures were positive in only two out of five patients; urine cultures in 12 patients and cervical cultures in five patients were all negative. The clinical presentation was similar to the description in older reports, except for the absence of relative bradycardia. Hypothermic response to antipyretics was frequently observed. Patients were treated with either chloramphenicol, ampicillin, or amoxicillin, with satisfactory response. Typhoid fever diagnosed in the latter part of the second trimester and third trimester and treated early did not seem to alter the neonatal outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Moxalactam in the treatment of typhoid fever.

Moxalactam therapy was evaluated in 25 patients with typhoid fever. A satisfactory initial response was observed in all cases. Treatment for 3 days resulted in a much higher relapse rate (three of five patients) than did treatment for 5 days (one of nine patients). None of the 11 patients treated for 10 to 11 days relapsed. Moxalactam is effective in typhoid fever, but its use is better restricted to special indications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Potential role of temocillin in the treatment of biliary sepsis.

Temocillin concentrations were determined in the gallbladder bile and/or common bile duct bile obtained intraoperatively from 20 patients, and in the T-tube bile of 5 postoperative patients. Blood samples were also obtained for determining the concomitant serum antibiotic concentrations. In 6 patients with cholelithiasis, but without common bile duct obstruction or acute infection, the mean temocillin concentrations were 890 mg/L in gallbladder bile and 1030 mg/L in common bile duct bile. In the group of 6 patients with common bile duct obstruction, the antibiotic concentrations ranged between 5.6 and 88 mg/L (mean 38.8 mg/L) in gallbladder bile and between 'undetectable' and 700 mg/L in common bile duct bile. In patients with biliary sepsis, a further reduction in temocillin bile concentrations was observed, and postoperatively, the T-tube bile temocillin concentrations were in the range of 21 to 460 mg/L (mean 130 mg/L). The clinical efficacy of temocillin in the 7 patients with acute cholecystitis was judged to be satisfactory. Our results suggest that temocillin may be considered as a potentially useful antibiotic in the treatment of patients with biliary tract sepsis caused by susceptible organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of typhoid fever with cefamandole.

Cefamandole therapy was evaluated in nine patients with typhoid fever. Six patients, including all five who received the antibiotic by continuous intravenous drip (8.0 g daily), were cured. Dosage schedules resulting in maintenance of antibiotic concentrations in serum high above the MIC seemed to correlate well with treatment success.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Moxalactam therapy of bacterial meningitis in adults.

The therapeutic efficacy and attainable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of moxalactam, administered by intravenous drip in a dose of 2 g every 4 to 8 h, were evaluated in seven adult patients with bacterial meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus, each caused infection in four patients, whereas Escherichia coli was the cause of infection in the other three patients. The mean moxalactam concentration in CSF was 14.7 mug/ml (range, 4.7 to 38 mug/ml) in the lumbar samples and 12.1 mug/ml (range, 4.4 to 27 mug/ml) in the ventricular samples. Depending on the time after antibiotic administration, the ratio of CSF to serum concentrations varied from 6.6 to 160%. Satisfactory improvement and negative CSF cultures were initially noted in all seven patients. Six patients were ultimately cured, and the death of the patient with Pseudomonas meningitis could not be clearly attributed to uncontrolled infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cefamandole bile levels in patients with hepatobiliary disease.

Intraoperative biliary cefamandole concentrations were determined in 16 patients with hepatobiliary pathology. These included seven patients with cholelithiasis, five with acute cholecystitis, two with recurrent ascending cholangitis, and two with liver abscesses. Bile collected 0.5 to 2.5 h after the last antibiotic dose of 1 g administered by intravenous drip showed therapeutically effective concentrations of cefamandole in 84% (11 of 13) of gall bladder samples with a median of 220 micrograms/ml (range, 1.6 to 1,400), and in 100% (13 of 13) of common bile duct samples with a median of 1,100 micrograms/ml (range, 9.0 to greater than 2,000). Only with complete aseptic cystic duct obstruction was cefamandole undetectable in gall bladder bile.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Intraocular penetration of sisomicin in rabbits.

The intraocular penetration of sisomicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was studied in 47 normal rabbits following subconjunctival and/or intramuscular (IM) injections. Sisomicin levels were determined in the cornea and the aqueous humor of the injected eye as well as in the aqueous of the fellow eye by means of the cylinder-plate bioassay technique. When the IM route alone was used, the eye tissue concentrations remained negligible. One hour after subconjunctival injection, highly therapeutic sisomicin concentrations were achieved in the aqueous humor of both injected and fellow eyes, but the level dropped to very low concentrations 12 hours after the injection. The concomitant administration of sisomicin intramuscularly and subconjunctivally resulted in a significant delay of the clearance of sisomicin from the eye tissues. The use of the combined subconjunctival-IM regimen for administering aminoglycoside antibiotics needs further evaluation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Escherichia coli in bacteremia: K and O antigens and serum sensitivity of strains from adults and neonates.

Comparisons of O- and K-antigenic types and serum sensitivity were carried out with 149 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from adults with bacteremia and 46 strains from neonates with bacteremia. O-antigenic types O6, O4, O2, O16, O18, and O7 were observed most frequently, but their relative prevalence did not differ materially between adult and neonatal bacteremias. A greater proportion of strains from neonatal bacteremia contained K1 antigen and were autoagglutinable compared with strains from adult bacteremia, although K1 was the most frequent K antigen found in strains from adults. K-antigen-containing strains did not appear to be associated with enhanced severity of bacteremia, but nontypable strains, auto-agglutinable strains, and strains of O-antigenic types O4, O6, and O8 were associated with a greater frequency of shock and fatal outcome in adults. No differences could be detected between the serum sensitivities of E. coli isolated from adult bacteremia and those from neonatal bacteremia. K antigen did not affect serum sensitivity, but E. coli strains of O types O18, O2, O4, and O7 were more serum-resistant than other E. coli. Bacteremia caused by serum-sensitive E. coli was less often associated with shock and death than bacteremia caused by serum-resistant E. coli.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cephradine penetration into cerebrospinal fluid and effects of its administration into the cerebral ventricles of cats.

In cats that had high, sustained serum concentrations of cephradine, penetration of the drug into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was poor. Serum cephradine levels were, on the average, 100-fold higher than the CSF levels. On the other hand, the direct injection of cephradine into the lateral cerebral ventricles of cats yielded high CSF cephradine concentrations without evidence of central nervous system toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Susceptibility of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli to tobramycin.

There has been increasing interest in the pathogenic role of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli in human infections. Except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the susceptibility pattern of these organisms to tobramycin has not been evaluated thoroughly. The activity of tobramycin, as compared with that of gentamicin, was tested by the serial broth dilution technique against 178 isolates of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli obtained from various sources. P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum (Herellea vaginicola), A. calcoaceticus var. Iwoffi (Mima olymorpha), Pseudomonas alcaligenes, and Pseudomonas acidovorans accounted for 82% of all cultures tested. The vast majority of these organisms were susceptible to both tobramycin and gentamicin. Resistance was most common with Alcaligenes odorans; six of 12 isolates were resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin. There was only one isolate of Pseudomonas diminuta; it was highly resistant to both antibiotics.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1976

Cefazolin in the treatment of acute enteric fever.

Cefazolin was used in the treatment of nine patients with acute enteric fever proven by positive blood cultures. In seven patients the causative organism was Salmonella typhi and in two it was Salmonella paratyphi B. Minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of cefazolin against the nine isolates ranged between 1.95 and 3.90 mug/ml. Cefazolin was administered either intramuscularly or intravenously in a daily dose of 3 to 6 g for 11 to 16 days. The mean peak serum antibiotic concentration after a 0.5-g intravenous injection was 64.4 mug/ml, and the mean trough concentration, 3 h later, was 12.7 mug/ml. The highest serum inhibitory dilution at peak level was frequently 1/64, and at trough level it was 1/16 to 1/32. The acute infection was satisfactorily controlled in all patients. Phlebitis, complicating intravenous therapy, in five out of eight patients, was the only side effect observed. Relapse of typhoid fever, as documented by positive blood culture, occurred in one patient 11 days after treatment course was completed. More extensive clinical studies are required before drawing any conclusions regarding the efficacy of cefazolin in acute enteric fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Co-trimoxazole compared to chloramphenicol in the treatment of enteric fever.

Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination) was effective in the control of the acute infection in 60 patients with proven enteric fever. The mean interval between initiating treatment and defervescence was similar to that observed with a comparable group of 38 patients treated with chloramphenicol. Both co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol were well tolerated and no serious adverse reactions, attributed to either drug, were noted. Two patients treated with chloramphenicol relapsed. No relapses were noted in the co-trimoxazole treated group. Although the evidence available at present in inadequate for drawing final conclusions regarding the relative efficacy of these two therapeutic agents in enteric fever, co-trimoxazole should be considered as an alternative drug, particularly when encountering salmonella strains resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin.

Adolescent↗