Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Ueki.
The nucleotide sequence of the downstream flanking region of the mreD gene of Escherichia coli was determined. Two open reading frames (ORFs) were found, a 591-bp orfE and a 1467-bp orfF. Based on the sequence, it is suggested that the three mre genes (encoding the murein pathway), mreB, mreC and mreD, and these two ORFs possibly form an operon.
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Histologic study of endometriosis and investigation of lymphatic drainage in and out of the uterus were conducted to obtain more information on the histogenesis of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a disease originating from the normal endometrium, specifically from its basal layer. Internal endometriosis (adenomyosis) is caused mainly by direct invasion of the endometrium into the spaces located in the connective tissue of the muscle layer. Serous and ovarian types of endometriosis are frequently found together with adenomyosis. Endometrial fragments in vessels are detected in 4.5% of cases of endometriosis. Observation of serial sections proved that serous endometriosis is caused mainly by continuous or semicontinuous invasion of the tunica muscularis spaces primarily from adenomyosis lesions and partly from the endometrium. Confirmation of lymph flow into the ovary from the uterine body strongly suggests that ovarian endometriosis arises as a consequence of vascular (lymphatic) transport of endometrial fragments from adenomyosis lesions, serous endometriosis lesions, or the endometrium.
A new human ovarian carcinoma cell line, designated OMC-3, was established from the mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of a 59-year-old woman. This cell line has grown well for 65 months and has been subcultured more than 50 times. Monolayer-cultured cells are polygonal in shape, showing a pavement-like arrangement and a tendency to pile up without contact inhibition. The chromosomal number shows aneuploidy and the modal chromosomal number is in the hypodiploid range. The cells were transplanted into the subcutis of nude mice and produced tumors resembling the original tumor. Ten thousand OMC-3 cells produced CA-125 (228-580 U) and CA-19-9 (2900-5640 U) during 17 days in culture media. CA-125 and CA-19-9 were demonstrated immunohistochemically in the original tumor, heterotransplanted tumor, and OMC-3 cells. The cells contain no estrogen or progesterone receptors. OMC-3 cells were sensitive to actinomycin D, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, and mitomycin C in vitro. Three other reports of ovarian mucinous carcinoma cell lines are reviewed.
In this study, immunocytochemical and biochemical detection of c-myc protein in gynecological cultured cancer cells were performed together with gene expression of the cells. OMC-1 (cervical squamous carcinoma cell line), OMC-2 (endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line), OMC-3 (ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma cell line) and OMC-4 (cervical adenocarcinoma cell line) were used. Immunocytochemically, c-myc protein was detected in both nuclei and cytoplasms of cultured cells when they were fixed in 95% ethanol, 10% formalin and 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) including 10mM NaCl. However, it was detected in the nuclei of almost all of the cells in nuclei of the cells when they were fixed in 4% PFA including 1,000mM NaCl. Western blotting against a nuclear fraction of the cells demonstrated 66Kd protein in OMC-1 and 62Kd protein in OMC-2,3,4, respectively. They were completely absorbed by c-myc synthetic peptide. However, there was no reaction against the cytoplasmic fraction of the cells. Slot blot hybridization against the DNA of the cells demonstrated 15 times and 5 times c-myc gene amplification in OMC-2 and OMC-4, respectively. These results suggest that OMC-1,2,3,4 can be used as positive controls for the immunocyto- and histochemical detection of c-myc protein in clinical materials. However, it must be noted that the redistribution of c-myc nuclear protein into the cytoplasm may occur in the fixation process.
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A 56 year old man was scheduled for partial resection of the right lung because of many spontaneous pneumothorax episodes. He had received left pneumonectomy for pulmonary tuberculosis and his respiratory function was severely depressed. During anesthesia, pulse oximetry, pulmonary arterial pressure monitoring, pulmonary arterial oximetry in addition to ordinary systemic arterial pressure and electrocardiogram monitoring were performed. Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl and enflurane, and nitrous oxide was added after thoracotomy. During thoracotomy SpO2 and SVO2 dropped transiently, but intraoperative course was uneventful except an episode of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. A successful satisfactory anesthetic management of this case depended on the cooperation between anesthesiologist and surgeon, and the appropriate monitoring especially of SVO2 was helpful.
To prove the usefulness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in determining the invasion of uterine cervical cancer with imaging planes, we evaluated 44 patients with histologically proved cervical cancer. MRI was performed with a Signa 1.5 T (General Electric), and a T2-weighted image was used. In coronal planes, the accuracy was 75.0% for parametrial invasion. It was impossible to diagnose in 77.8%, 92.1% and 63.2% the invasion of the uterine body, bladder and rectum, respectively. In axial planes, the accuracy was 76.3%, 92.1% and 78.9% for the invasion of parametrium, bladder and rectum, respectively. It was impossible to diagnose in 72.2% the invasion of the uterine body. In sagittal planes, the accuracy was 80.6%, 97.4% and 89.7% for invasion of the uterine body, bladder and rectum, respectively. In all 39 cases it was impossible to diagnose parametrial invasion. In five cases, MRI failed to detect the tumor in any of the three planes, but in three cases it was able to detect the tumor in at least one of the three. We conclude as follows: 1) MRI is a useful method in determining the invasion of cervical cancer. 2) Coronal planes are recommended for the determination of parametrial invasion, axial planes for the parametrium, bladder and rectum, and sagittal planes for the uterine body, bladder and rectum. 3) All three planes are needed to determine cervical cancer.
We treated 14 patients with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cisplatin (CAP), and 16 patients with cyclophosphamide, Pirarubicin and cisplatin (CTP). Hematological changes in the peripheral blood were compared in the two groups to determine whether there was any difference in bone marrow suppression. 1) The lowest leukocyte counts were similar in the two groups. The leukocyte count reached its nadir at 11.6 +/- 2.1 days in the CTP group and at 15.1 +/- 2.8 days in the CAP group, a significant difference (p less than 0.01). 2) The leukocyte count recovered rapidly in the CTP group and was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) at 3 to 4 weeks than in the CAP group, and it returned to the pretreatment level in the CTP group in the fourth week. 3) The platelet count reached its lowest level in the second week in both groups. In the CTP group, it was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in the CAP group. 4) Reticulocyte count reached its lowest level in the first week in both groups, and then started increasing. 5) In the CTP group, a course of treatment was 28.0 +/- 2.3 days and it was 29.5 +/- 2.3 days in the CAP group. In 28% of the CPA group, it took 30 days or more for the leukocyte count to return to normal after one course, while none of the CTP group did the leukocyte count remain low for 30 days. These results show that CTP causes more rapid bone marrow suppression (particularly leukocytopenia) than CAP, does but that a recovery is more rapid with CTP. These CTP may be a better form of treatment than CAP.
A 53-year-old woman was treated with 5 courses of CAP treatment following operation for FIGO Stage Ia cancer of the ovary in September 1986. And in April 1987, she started an oral adjuvant chemotherapy with 400 mg/day of carmofur. In early June, she developed vertigo and dysarthia and was hospitalized. A CT scan showed low-density areas adjacent to both lateral ventricles, and an EEG revealed abnormally slow waves. She improved gradually after carmofur was discontinued and left the hospital in October 1987. There have been 24 reported cases of leukoencephalopathy because of carmofur in Japan, but the pathophysiological mechanism involved is not known. Since it is more common in women than in men, its incidence will probably increase in gynecological patients. Therefore, we must be on the lookout for central nervous system signs and symptoms in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with carmofur.
A new human endometrial carcinoma cell line, designated OMC-2, was established from the endometrial adenocarcinoma of a 59-year-old woman. This cell line has grown well for 51 months and has been subcultured more than 50 times. Monolayer cultured cells are polygonal in shape, showing a pavement-like arrangement and a piling up tendency without contact inhibition. The chromosomal number shows aneuploidy and the modal chromosomal number is in the diploid range. The cells were transplanted into the subcutis of nude mice and produced tumors resembling the original tumor. 1 X 10(5) OMC-2 cells produced CA 125 (184-682 U) during 19 days in culture media. CA 125 was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the original tumor, heterotransplanted tumor, and OMC-2 cells. The cells contain no estrogen or progesterone receptors. Twenty-nine other reports of endometrial carcinoma cell lines are reviewed.
Effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on growth and tumor antigen-4 (TA-4) production of newly established uterine cervical cancer cell line (OMC-1) are reported. OMC -1 was established from a metastatic lesion of Virchow's lymph node of a large cell non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and successively subcultured for about 4 years. Scatchard analysis of EGF binding to OMC-1 cells indicated a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 360 pM. The theoretical maximum number of binding sites was 2.4 x 10(4) sites/cell. The growth of OMC-1 cells was stimulated by EGF at 0.01-0.1 nM and inhibited at higher concentrations. The TA-4 production of OMC-1 cells was slightly stimulated by EGF at 0.01-1 nM and significantly stimulated at 10 nM. OMC-1 may serve as one of the available model systems for studies of regulation of proliferation and tumor marker production by EGF, particularly in cervical squamous cell carcinomas.
We concomitantly administered a large dose of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to gynecological malignant tumor patients undergoing CAP therapy (CAP). Hematological changes in the peripheral blood were compared between concomitant MPA patients and those not receiving MPA to examine the effect of MPA in reducing the marrow depression which is the major side effect of CAP. 1) Leukocyte count reached minimum at the second week of CAP in both groups. There was no significant difference in the count between the two groups. At the third week of CAP, the count improved to 84% of the pre-CAP level in patients receiving MPA and to 68% in those not receiving MPA, a significant difference (p less than 0.01). At the fourth week, leukocyte counts were 105% and 96% of pre-CAP levels, respectively. There was no difference between the two groups, but the leukocyte count returned to the pre-CAP level in the patients receiving MPA. 2) Platelet count showed changes similar to those in the leukocyte count. In patients receiving MPA, the count improved more rapidly within three weeks (118%, p less than 0.01), and was significantly higher at the fourth week (107%, p less than 0.05) than in patients not receiving MPA. 3) Reticulocyte count reached minimum in the first week, thereafter improving rapidly in both groups. No differences were noted between the two groups. 4) The periods needed for one course of CAP were 27.7 +/- 3.3 days in the patients receiving MPA and 29.5 +/- 3.7 days in the patients not receiving MPA, making for a significant difference between the two groups (p less than 0.05). These results show that MPA accelerates recovery from marrow depression caused by CAP. It is anticipated, therefore, that MPA will be helpful in the application of various chemotherapies which are expected to be frequently conducted in the future.
In order to improve the postoperative survival rate of patients with cervical cancer, we have treated them with adjuvant chemotherapy (oral Tegafur) and proved this treatment to be useful. However, the prognosis of cervical adenocarcinoma cases has not been improved yet. In this study, 5-FU sensitivity, morphological changes and DNA metabolism of cultured cervical cancer cells were examined using OMC-1 and OMC-4 cell line originating from cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, respectively. The EC 50 (Effective Concentration for 50% Cell Kill) of 5-FU on OMC-1 and OMC-4 cells after 96 hours of incubation with 5-FU was 0.13 micrograms/ml and 9.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. The morphological changes were more prominent in OMC-1 cells than in OMC-4 cells after 192 hours of incubation with 0.1 micrograms/ml of 5-FU. The incorporation of 3H-deoxyuridine into the DNA was inhibited more significantly in OMC-1 cells than in OMC-4 cells even at a low concentration of 5-FU. The intracellular FdUMP and thymidylate synthetase (TS) inhibition rate of OMC-1 and OMC-4 after 96 hours of incubation with 0.1 microgram/ml of 5-FU was 4.7 pmol/g and less than 2.6 pmol/g, 58.7% and 60.0%, respectively. These results suggest that 5-FU sensitivity of cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (OMC-4) is lower than that of cervical squamous carcinoma cell line (OMC-1) and it may owe much not to the TS inhibition rate but to the intracellular FdUMP.
It is widely accepted that the nociceptive state and opiate-induced nociception are regulated at least in part by calcium ions. Animal experiments suggest that systemically or intracerebroventricularly applied calcium antagonizes analgesic effects, whereas calcium chelating agents or calcium channel blockers enhance them. Recently, von Bormann et al. [3] reported a fentanyl-saving effect in cardiovascular patients who had received an intraoperative infusion of nimodipine; this finding was discussed as a possible synergistic analgesic interaction. Since doubts remained as to whether this interpretation was justified, the present study aimed to verify, in awake postoperative patients, whether nimodipine increased the analgesic efficacy of fentanyl. Forty ASA I-II patients (mean age 43-44 years) undergoing elective hysterectomy under standardized balanced anesthesia were investigated. In the recovery room, they were allowed to self-administer fentanyl by means of the On-Demand Analgesia Computer (ODAC). Demand dose was 34.5 micrograms, infusion rate 4 micrograms/h, lockout time 1 min, hourly maximum dose 250 micrograms. The patients were randomly and double-blindly assigned to have an additional infusion of either placebo (P) or nimodipine (N: 15 micrograms/kg/h during the first 2 h, 30 micrograms/kg/h from the 3rd to the 12th h). Fentanyl consumption, pain scores (actual and retrospective), blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and side-effects were monitored. The mean duration of patient-controlled analgesia was 16 (P) to 19 (N) h, during which time 0.64 +/- 0.46 (N) to 0.79 +/- 0.43 (P) micrograms fentanyl/kg/h was demanded. Pain relief was very satisfactory in 92.5% of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A 58 year old woman suffering from dermatomyositis underwent elective surgery for spinal caries. Concerning the anesthetic management of patient suffering from dermatomyositis, there is little information on the appropriate use of muscle relaxants. It is generally suspected that the patient is sensitive to nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. Anesthesia was with oxygen-nitrous oxide and fentanyl. Pancuronium 6 mg was given intravenously after awake intubation and an additional dose of 2 mg was given after 7.3 hours. During anesthesia neuromuscular function was monitored by neuromuscular transmission monitor (Datex Relaxograph). Duration of neuromuscular block was defined as the time for the twitch height to recover from total paralysis to 25% of the control value. Duration in this patient was 3.1 hours and this was longer as compared with the values of 1.1-1.8 hours obtained in 7 control patients. It is suggested that a usual dose of muscle relaxants results in a relatively higher effect in the patients with dermatomyositis because of their diminished muscle mass. The anesthetist should be careful in using muscle relaxants. The muscle relaxants should be given to such a patient with monitoring closely the neuromuscular function using a neuromuscular transmission monitor.