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Biomedical subjects

M Uchiyama

Publications and source records attributed to M Uchiyama.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Soluble IL-2 receptor levels in rheumatic diseases].

We measured soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) in plasma and/or joint fluid (JF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA: 16 patients), Sjögren's syndrome (SS: 24 patients) and Behçet's disease (BD: 23 patients). Plasma sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in RA patients (956 +/- 994 U/ml, p < 0.01) and SS patients (1025 +/- 1112 U/ml, p < 0.01) than 20 healthy subjects (338 +/- 159 U/ml), but not significantly increased in BD patients (408 +/- 329 U/ml). sIL-2R levels higher than the mean of healthy subjects +2 standard deviations were observed in 3 BD patients (13.0%), 7 RA patients (43.8%) and 10 SS patients (41.7%). sIL-2R levels positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels in RA patients, or IgM levels in SS. There was no significant correlation between plasma sIL-2R levels and disease activity, clinical symptoms, or other laboratory parameters in BD patients. However, sIL-2R concentrations in the JF from 4 BD patients (1644 +/- 198 U/ml: p < 0.05) or 16 RA patients (3946 +/- 5424 U/ml: p < 0.01) were significantly higher than corresponding plasma sIL-2R concentrations. Above results indicate that lymphocytes are being activated in patients with RA or SS and in the inflammatory lesions of BD patients, while the whole immunologic activation are relatively lower in BD than RA and SS.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Erythrocyte Na/K flux ratio in relation to sodium intake and a family history of essential hypertension in normotensive children.

Erythrocyte Na/K flux ratio was examined in relation to a family history of essential hypertension (FH-HT) and plasma and urine electrolytes in 84 normotensive children (13-15 yrs old), and in relation to sodium intake in six children with acute glomerulonephritis or IgA nephropathy who had normal renal function (6-13 yrs old). Erythrocyte Na/K flux ratio was significantly lower in children with a family history of essential hypertension than in those without. Plasma and urine electrolytes (Na and K) showed no significant differences between children with and without a family history of essential hypertension, although erythrocyte Na/K flux ratio was negatively correlated with serum K level in the whole group. Furthermore, erythrocyte Na/K flux ratio was unchanged before and after the restriction of sodium intake in children with nephropathy. These findings suggest that the erythrocyte Na/K flux ratio may be suppressed in normotensive children with a family history of essential hypertension as previously reported in hypertensive adults, and that plasma K level should be considered first when evaluating the erythrocyte Na/K flux ratio.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of cleft lip and palate by computed tomography with 2 mm thin slice scanning--Part 2].

Computed tomography was performed on 104 patients of cleft lip and palate with continuous 2 mm slice scanning. The type of hard palate was classified into 3 groups, as normal, hypoplasia and aplasia, depending on its developmental degree. The shape of alveolus was also grouped into 3 groups as circular, triangular and asymmetric forms for the evaluation of the maxillary development. The hard palate development correlated with the shape of the alveolus, the diameter of maxillary and mandibular bone, and frequency of sinusitis and otitis media. Evaluation of the hard palate by thin slice scanning is useful in presumption of future facial development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Gastric emptying of tablets and granules in humans, dogs, pigs, and stomach-emptying-controlled rabbits.

Rates of gastric emptying of nondigestible tablets and granules in humans were compared with those in three animal models: dogs, minipigs, and stomach-emptying-controlled rabbits. The rates of gastric emptying of both dosage forms in dogs tended to be faster than or similar to those in humans, whereas the rates in pigs were slower. In stomach-emptying-controlled rabbits, no tablets were emptied from the stomach because of their large size. The rate of gastric emptying of granules in rabbits was slow and variable. Food delayed gastric emptying in dogs, especially for tablets. In rabbits, the rate of gastric emptying of granules was faster when the granules were given before feeding, in comparison with that after feeding or under fasting conditions. We concluded that the dog is a better animal model for bioavailability studies under fasting conditions than the pig and the rabbit.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Disposition of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p'-DDT, and trans-chlordane administered subcutaneously to monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

To evaluate skin lipid analysis for the accumulation level of environmental pollutants, the correlations between organochlorine pesticide residues in adipose tissue, blood, and skin lipids of monkeys were studied. The mixture of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), p,p'-DDT, and trans-chlordane was subcutaneously given to monkeys once weekly for 5 weeks at dose levels of 1 and 10 mg/kg. The chemicals distributed in adipose tissue, blood, and skin lipids were determined six times after the last dosing at intervals of 4 to 9 weeks. Oxychlordane and p,p'-DDE were detected in all tissues together with the administered chemicals. In blood and adipose tissue, trans-chlordane decreased rapidly and oxychlordane and p,p'-DDE increased gradually and then remained at constant levels. beta-HCH and p,p'-DDT in adipose tissue increased until the 12th week and then decreased in all animals. The correlation coefficients between blood and adipose tissue regardless of dose level and collection time for each chemical ranged from 0.83 to 0.94. Correlation coefficients between skin lipids and adipose tissue varied with the chemical, namely, 0.31, 0.72, 0.81, 0.81, and 0.83 for p,p'-DDE, trans-chlordane, p,p'-DDT, beta-HCH, and oxychlordane, respectively. The results indicated that skin lipid analysis may be useful for the evaluation of specific pollutants in the body burden.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

An experience of cell sorting using samples isolated from paraffin-embedded tissue of neuroblastoma.

Flow cytometric DNA content analyses were performed on samples from 72 patients with neuroblastoma. Nuclear suspensions obtained from paraffin-embedded samples were prepared using the method described by Schutte et al. Determination of DNA ploidy was possible in 62 out of 72 patients. DNA diploidy was detected in 23 (37.1%) and DNA aneuploidy was found in 39 (62.9%) of these 62 patients. Cell sorting was performed on two peak areas of the DNA histogram of samples with aneuploidy. The sorted cells of the first peak area were composed of small round cells and were considered to be normal lymphocytes. The sorted cells of the second peak area were composed of relatively large cells with obvious nucleoli and were considered to be neuroblastoma cells. Thus, two cell components could be distinguished by cell sorting. It is concluded that cell sorting may be of benefit in giving detailed information about DNA histograms, even in samples obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1992

Salinity tolerance and structure of external and internal gills in tadpoles of the crab-eating frog, Rana cancrivora.

Salinity tolerance and histology of gills were studied in Rana cancrivora larvae. The tadpoles at the external gill stages (W stages 21-22) were able to survive in media containing up to 40% seawater, but died in water of higher salinity. Their external gills appear to have no critical role in adaptation to seawater. However, advanced tadpoles with internal gills (T-K stages I-XVIII) were able to tolerate 50% or higher seawater. In the internal gills, there are numerous mitochondria-rich cells (MR cells) scattered on the ventral and lateral epithelia of the gill arches and the gill tufts in both freshwater- and seawater-acclimated tadpoles. In freshwater-acclimated tadpoles there are three types of MR cell: (1) microplicated, (2) microvillous, and (3) apically vacuolated. In tadpoles acclimated to dilute seawater, the ratio of type-1 to type-2 cells is lower, although all three types of MR cell are present. In 60%-seawater-acclimated tadpoles, a few MR cells with a lumen and concave cytoplasm at the apical membrane (type 4) are present. The changes in MR cell morphology under ambient conditions of low or high salinity may reflect alterations in the physiological roles of the gills with regard to transport of ions.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal myoelectric activity and contractile motility in dogs with a reversed jejunal segment after extensive small bowel resection.

To evaluate the functioning and effectiveness of a reversed jejunal segment after extensive small bowel resection, we continuously measured the postoperative bowel motility (using bipolar electrodes and/or contractile strain gage force transducers) in interdigestive and postprandial conscious dogs at 2 to 5 weeks after surgery. The fasting duodenal migrating myoelectric (or motor) complex (MMC) occurred at markedly longer intervals in dogs with a 20-cm reversed jejunal segment created after 75% to 80% extensive small bowel resection (group 3) than in dogs that received extensive resection alone (group 2) or dogs that underwent construction of a reversed jejunal segment without bowel resection (group 1). The MMC arising from the duodenum was often interrupted at the jejunum above the proximal anastomosis and did not migrate smoothly to the reversed segment or terminal ileum in group 3. In addition, brief small discordant contractions were frequent in the reversed segment and the jejunum above the proximal anastomosis in group 3. The duration of the postprandial period without duodenal MMC activity was significantly prolonged in groups 2 and 3. These results suggest that the transit time and passage of intestinal contents were delayed and that the periodical MMC was disturbed in group 3. The delay of transit time was due to prolongation of the interval between duodenal MMCs, the interruption of MMC propagation at the jejunum above the proximal anastomosis, the dominance of MMCs that followed the inherent anatomical continuity of the bowel, and discordant movements across the proximal anastomosis. Functional obstruction could be a potential problem in a 20-cm reversed jejunal segment inserted after extensive small bowel resection.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

Erythrocyte sodium transport at twenty-year follow-up of childhood hypertension.

Twelve-hour urinary sodium excretion, the number of sodium pump sites (Bmax) and the Na/K flux ratio in erythrocytes were measured in 13 previously diagnosed hypertensive subjects. At the time of the study, six subjects were still hypertensive and showed a significantly lower Na/K flux ratio in erythrocytes than the remaining seven subjects who were normotensive. Bmax was also lower in the hypertensive group compared to the normotensive group, although this was not statistically significant. Urinary Na excretion did not show any significant difference between the two groups. These findings suggest that a cell membrane sodium transport defect may have a role in the development of essential hypertension in adult life.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in children with essential hypertension.

Platelet alpha 2- and lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors were examined in eight children aged 10-16 years with essential hypertension, and in 11 age-matched normotensive children. Both alpha 2- and beta-adrenergic receptor concentrations showed no significant differences between children with essential hypertension and normotensive children. According to other studies, physiological fluctuations in catecholamines determine lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptor concentrations, although down-regulation in platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors has not been observed. The present findings suggest that there may be no abnormalities in alpha 2- and beta-adrenergic receptors in essential hypertension in childhood, although a hyperadrenergic state has been reported to be of some relevance to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in young adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Serum apolipoprotein H levels in systemic lupus erythematosus are not influenced by antiphospholipid antibodies.

Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were recently discovered to recognize a complex consisting of phospholipids and apolipoprotein H (apo H). In this study, we determined the serum apo H levels in 36 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with or without antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), including aCL and lupus anticoagulants, to clarify the possible effects of aPL on apo H levels in vivo. The apo H levels were low in SLE patients as compared with 22 healthy controls. However, no associations were found between apo H levels and circulating aPL or clinical features of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. A secondary hyperlipidemic state, which probably related to lupus nephritis (proteinuria) and/or prednisolone treatment, increased apo H levels in SLE patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

3-anilino-L-alanine, structural determination of UV-5, a contaminant in EMS-associated L-tryptophan samples.

An aniline derivative which corresponds to UV-5 in the preceding paper was isolated from the case L-tryptophan sample associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). By spectroscopic analyses, the structure was identified as 3-anilinoalanine. The compound was optically active, and the stereochemistry of alanine moiety was determined as L, by comparing the specific rotation with a synthesized 3-anilino-L-alanine.

Alanine↗