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Biomedical subjects

M Uchiyama

Publications and source records attributed to M Uchiyama.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Gallium-67-citrate imaging in extragonadal and gonadal seminomas: relationship to radiologic findings.

METHODS: The results and analysis of baseline and follow-up 67Ga imaging in three patients with extragonadal seminoma were compared to those of nine patients with primary and metastatic gonadal seminomas. Gallium-67 tumor avidity was scored (0-6) relative to accumulation in the sternum and the liver. Response time to systemic therapy for 67Ga imaging compared to other radiological examinations was also measured. RESULTS: Prior to therapy, 67Ga scan sensitivity was 100%, (3/3) in patients with extragonadal seminomas and 90%, (9/10) for primary and radiologically evident metastatic sites in patients with gonadal seminomas. The combined sensitivity was 92%, (12/13) with the smallest 67Ga scan detecting a mass 1.5 cm in diameter. There was no significant difference in 67Ga avidity or sensitivity between extragonadal and gonadal sites. Following chemotherapy, CT scanning demonstrated residual radiologic abnormalities in all three extragonadal seminoma tumor sites and 5/8 metastatic gonadal seminoma tumor sites. However, the 67Ga scan was normal in 10/11 sites at the first radionuclide examination after systemic therapy, indicating no active tumor, an observation supported by clinical follow-up from 6 to 72 mo. CONCLUSION: Gallium-67 scanning appears useful in the management of patients with both extragonadal and gonadal seminoma and may be useful in differentiating active disease from fibrosis in the treated patient with a post-therapy residual radiologic mass.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Risk factors for the development of essential hypertension: long-term follow-up study in junior high school students in Niigata, Japan.

We measured the BP in junior high school students (12-15 years of age) during 1960-65. In 1991 we sent questionnaires by post and received 110 replies for previously normotensive subjects (NT group) and 91 for previously hypertensive subjects (HT group). The frequency of current hypertension was 5.5% (6 of 110) in the NT group and 20.9% (19 of 91) in the HT group (P < 0.001). Development of hypertension was related to obesity in the NT group and to a family history of hypertension and to drinking and smoking habits in both groups. These findings suggest that it may be better to measure BP in junior high school students to identify hypertensives and that we need social education of the young to stress the importance of BP measurement and the influences of obesity, smoking and overdrinking on the development of essential hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Pulmonary functions in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis].

We studied the correlations of pulmonary function with clinical symptoms or autoantibody profiles in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Percent vital capacity (% VC) was low in 40% of PSS patients and percent diffusing capacity of carbon oxide (% DLCO) was decreased in 76% of the patients. Eighty-five percent of the patients had abnormal pulmonary functions. The % DLCO was significantly low in male patients compared with female patients. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in patients with esophageal hypomotility was significantly lower than those without esophageal hypomotility. PSS with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) showed a significant decrease of the % VC (p < 0.05) and PO2 (p < 0.05), and of lung fibrosis was frequent in the patients compared with those without SS. Pulmonary fibrosis was recognized in 63% of PSS patients and was more frequent in the patients with anti-Scl-70 antibody than those without the antibody. The annual decrease of VC was 62 ml in PSS patients, and that of DLco was 0.12 ml/min/mmHg. The annual decrease of VC was more prominent in the PSS patients with severe pulmonary fibrosis or anti-Scl-70 antibody. The decrease of VC, however, was mild in the patients with anti-RNP antibody compared with those without the antibody.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Characterization of anti human uterine endometrial cancer antibody (MSN-1) and its usefulness in clinical application].

We have produced a monoclonal antibody (MSN-1), by using our endometrial cancer-cultured cell line (SNG-II) as an immunogen. MSN-1 belongs to the IgM immunoglobulin class and mainly recognized the Lewis carbohydrate moiety. It seldom, reacted immunohistochemically with normal endometrium but with about 90% of endometrial cancer cases. So, we evaluated the effectiveness of its use in clinical application. We studied the relationship between the stage of cancer and reactivity to MSN-1, and that between the reactivity of moderately differentiated endometrial cancer to MSN-1 and a 5-year survival rate. Endometrial cancer with a poor prognosis tended to react poorly to MSN-1, suggesting the possibility that the reactivity to MSN-1 is useful as a new prognostic factor. A study of endometrial hyperplasia revealed that the reactivity to MSN-1 was high in the high risk group (individuals diagnosed as endometrial cancer later). This suggested that the analysis of the expression of the antigen recognized by MSN-1 is useful in selecting the high risk group out of patients with endometrial hyperplasia. Furthermore, we indicated that abnormal expression of the antigen recognized by MSN-1 associated with neoplasia of endometrial cells is useful in developing a new diagnostic method for example our endometrial cell enzyme immunoassay (EmC-EIA) and will be helpful in developing diagnostic approaches, such as missile therapy with a complex of MSN-1 and adriamycin for endometrial cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

[The current trend of the Pharmacopoeia of Japan].

The Pharmacopoeia of Japan (JP) has played an important leading role in establishing standards of quality and official test methods for drugs and drug preparations in Japan. The JP XII's second supplement and the JP XIII are scheduled to come out by the end of 1994 and on April of 1996, respectively. To provide a more open revision process for JP and to announce the revision and future conception of the JP committees, the outlines of the current progress of each JP sub-committee were introduced.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1993

Phosphorylation of synthetic vimentin peptides by cdc2 kinase.

Synthetic peptide representing the site Ser-41 in vimentin, Leu-Gly-Ser41-Ala42-Leu-Arg44-Arg-Arg-NH2, and its analogs in which Ala-42 was replaced by various amino acids were tested as substrates for cdc2 kinase. Among them, the analog containing sarcosine as well as proline was an excellent substrate. The result suggests that the N-substituted structure of proline immediately following the site is important for cdc2 kinase phosphorylation. Replacement of Ala-42 by polar amino acids, especially lysine, had negative effects on peptide phosphorylation. The peptides in this study were also assayed with another type of proline-directed protein kinase, tau protein kinase II. The substrate specificity differed essentially from that of cdc2 kinase.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Biotransformation of pravastatin sodium (I). Mechanisms of enzymic transformation and epimerization of an allylic hydroxy group of pravastatin sodium.

One of the major metabolites, R-416(3'alpha-OH), of pravastatin sodium(PV, 6'beta-OH), and a minor metabolite, R-418 (6'alpha-OH), were produced in rat liver cytosol in the presence of adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate as a cofactor. The reactions were inhibited by the inhibitors for sulfotransferases, and 18OH was introduced to the 3'alpha- and 6'alpha-positions of R-416 and R-418, respectively, by incubation with H2 18O. These results strongly suggested that PV was metabolically activated by sulfation at the 6'beta-hydroxy group by sulfotransferases, followed by nucleophilic attack of hydroxy anions at the 3'alpha- or 6'alpha-position, to give R-416 or R-418, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Influence of constant sustained positive airway pressure on right ventricular performance.

OBJECTIVE: The detrimental effect of positive airway pressure on right ventricular (RV) performance is controversial and the aim of this study was to determine the effects of constant positive airway pressure without ventilatory fluctuation on RV performance with the aid of a pulmonary arterial catheter equipped with a rapid response thermistor for measuring RV ejection fraction (RVEF) and RV end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI). DESIGN: A prospective, clinical study. SETTING: The central operating theatre of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Nine patients who had major surgery and required right heart catheterization for normal clinical management. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Cold indicator was injected into the RV 4 or 5 times for each airway pressure (0, 10 or 20 cmH2O) which was maintained manually stable for 15 s, and 9 paired data were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. They are separated into two groups; RVEF at zero airway pressure greater (A group) or less (B group) than 0.4. In A group (7 patients), increasing airway pressures (0 vs 10 vs 20 cmH2O) did not affect RVEF (0.55 +/- 0.05 vs 0.54 +/- 0.06 vs 0.56 +/- 0.04), RVEDVI (69 +/- 36 vs 73 +/- 29 vs 58 +/- 20 ml.m-2), or stroke volume index (SVI: 38 +/- 18 vs 40 +/- 17 vs 33 +/- 13 ml.beat-1.m-2); however, in B (2 patients), RVEF (0.35 and 0.38 vs 0.31 and 0.28 vs 0.19 and 0.17) and SVI (35 and 28 vs 32 and 27 vs 27 and 23) decreased, while RVEDVI increased (99 and 73 vs 103 and 97 vs 146 and 132). CONCLUSIONS: In most patients, the changes in RVEF, SVI, and RVEDVI did not occur under constant positive airway pressure, therefore the changes reported in mechanically ventilated patients may not attributable to the extent of positive airway pressure but rather to abrupt increases in airway pressure. These appears, however, to be patients whose RV function is so disturbed that they cannot cope with increased afterloads.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Induction of surface antigen recognized by new monoclonal antibody, YU311, on 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-resistant human leukemic cell line.

A new monoclonal antibody, YU311, against an antigen expressed on 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine(ara-C)-resistant human leukemic cell line with decreased deoxycytidine kinase activity was generated. YU311 reacted with ara-C-resistant human leukemic cell line (KY-Ra), but not with its parental cell line (KY-821) which was sensitive to ara-C. YU311 recognized the 92-kDa membrane protein. Furthermore, YU311 inhibited the growth of KY-Ra in suspension medium with and without ara-C. In immunocytochemistry, there was no difference in expression of usual differentiation antigens between KY-Ra and KY-821. These findings indicate that antigenic change could occur in ara-C-resistant human leukemic cells with stable expression of differentiation antigens and that the 92-kDa membrane protein may be one of the membrane proteins which regulate cell growth of KY-Ra.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Dephosphorylation of microtubule-binding sites at the neurofilament-H tail domain by alkaline, acid, and protein phosphatases.

The dephosphorylation-induced interaction of neurofilaments (NFs) with microtubules (MTs) was investigated by using several phosphatases. Escherichia coli alkaline and wheat germ acid phosphatases increased the electrophoretic mobility of NF-H and NF-M by dephosphorylation, and induced the binding of NF-H to MTs. The binding of NFs to MTs was observed only after the electrophoretic mobility of NF-H approached the exhaustively dephosphorylated level when alkaline phosphatase was used. The number of phosphate remaining when NF-H began to bind to MTs was estimated by measuring phosphate bound to NF-H. NF-H did not bind to MTs even when about 40 phosphates from the total of 51 had been removed by alkaline phosphatase. The removal of 6 further phosphates finally resulted in the association of NF-H with MTs. A similar finding, that the restricted phosphorylation sites in the NF-H tail domain, but not the total amount of phosphates, were important for binding to MTs, was also obtained with acid phosphatases. In contrast to alkaline and acid phosphatases, four classes of protein phosphatases (protein phosphatases 1, 2A, 2B, and 2C) were ineffective for shifting the electrophoretic mobility of NF proteins and for inducing the association of NFs to MTs.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Effect of pravastatin on human sleep.

To evaluate the effect of pravastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on sleep, the drug or a placebo was administered to 5 healthy adults for 16 days by the double-blind method. Pravastatin caused no changes in sleep parameters. This indicates that it had no effect on human sleep for the following possible reasons: Being hydrophilic, the drug does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. It does not inhibit prostaglandin D2 synthase, a possible sleep-inducing substance. It was thought that a decrease in the total cholesterol level in the blood has no effect on sleep in healthy adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Thrombomodulin levels in the plasma and joint fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The hemostatic mechanism is thought to contribute to the inflammatory process of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thrombomodulin (TM), an inhibitor of blood coagulation, is synthesized by various cells which are recognized in the inflammatory lesions of RA. To elucidate a possible relation of TM with the process of RA, therefore, we measured soluble forms of TM in the plasma and joint fluid (JF) from RA patients by a recently developed sandwich enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies. TM levels in the plasma and JF were not significantly elevated in RA patients, although TM levels in plasma were positively correlated with those in JF. The plasma TM levels were related to renal functions (serum creatinine levels), but the levels showed no connection with systemic inflammatory indices of RA such as erythrocyte sedimentation rates, serum C-reactive protein levels and Lansbury's activity index. In the JF, TM levels were not correlated with the numbers of neutrophils or monocytes/macrophages associated with articular inflammations. Our results indicate that TM levels in the plasma and JF do not reflect systemic and articular inflammations of RA, and suggest that TM molecules in JF are mainly recruited from circulating TM.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of antinuclear antibody and other immunohematological profiles among primary Sjögren's syndrome, secondary Sjögren's syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, and corresponding systemic disease.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is currently classified into two groups (primary and secondary), because of differences in the disease in the two groups. We determined antinuclear antibody and other immunohematological parameters by using newer, more sensitive serologic methods on patients with primary SS, or secondary SS associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and patients with just the systemic disease free of SS. This study defined both distinctive and common features between primary SS and each systemic disease: High titers of fluorescent antinuclear antibodies (FANAs), anti-SS-A/SS-B antibodies, and rheumatoid factors (RFs), as well as leukocytopenia were considered the main features of primary SS. Elevated levels of RFs and C-reactive protein were prominent in RA patients. In contrast, high titers of FANAs and anti-single stranded or anti-double stranded DNA antibodies, positive anti-ribonucleoprotein or Sm antibodies, leukocytopenia, and hypocomplementemia were characteristic for SLE. Furthermore, patients with secondary SS plus RA or SLE were found to have mixed features of SS and the associated systemic disease. The results strongly suggest that patients with secondary SS have two separate diseases, SS and the associated systemic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Regulatory science forum--its background and goal].

Regulatory science is, broadly speaking, the effort to insure that the products of our advanced technological civilization are developed in harmony with human needs. More specifically, regulatory science can be described as the science of evaluating the safety, efficacy and quality of these products. An unbiased assessment of these aspects is necessary for proper regulation of food, drugs, the environment, agricultural chemicals as well as the countless new materials available to the public every year. Evaluation does not interfere with product development; indeed, it often hastens the appearance of beneficial products in the public sector. Evaluation criteria should be established through consensus between industry, academia, and government and only after a thorough scientific discussion grounded in the basic principle of protecting the welfare of society's citizens. Even more important than broad-ranging knowledge is the need to develop new evaluation strategies and methodologies. Numerous problems confronting the world today can surely benefit from the evaluative techniques of regulatory science. Since research in the academic sphere often fails to address many of these issues, I want to reiterate the need for our National Institute to play a more prominent role in coordinating regulatory policy and pursuing these issues based on my firm belief that such activity is indispensable for human survival.

Consumer Product Safety↗