Biomedical subjects
M Toyoda
Publications and source records attributed to M Toyoda.
Improved cerebral blood flow after control of hypertension in stroke.
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Infrared spectra of bilirubin and calcium bilirubinate.
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On infrared absorption spectra of bilirubin and calcium bilirubinate.
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Quantitative determination of calcium bilirubinate in gallstone by infrared spectroscopy.
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Decreased gamma-IFN and IL-2 gene expression in regional lymph nodes of skin allografts is associated with increased allograft survival in the WKY F344 rat model.
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Prolongation of cardiac allograft survival with intracoronary viral interleukin-10 gene transfer.
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Quantitation of fumonisins in corn by HPLC with o-phthalaldehyde postcolumn derivatization and their identification by LC/MS.
Fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) were isocratically separated on a fluorocarbon column without using an ion pair reagent and nonvolatile buffer during the HPLC and were detected by an o-phthalaldehyde postcolumn derivatization system using a fluorescence detector. The minimum detectable concentrations of FB1 and FB2 in corn by this system were 0.01 micrograms/g and 0.01 micrograms/g, respectively. The separated fumonisins were further identified by a directly interfaced ion trap MS using electrospray ionization. FB1 and FB2 in naturally contaminated corn were identified in the selective ion monitoring mode at concentrations of 3.75 micrograms/g and 1.44 micrograms/g, respectively.
An ultrastructural study of lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis, with special reference to fibrous long-spacing collagen.
Lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis (LCAI) in a 2.5-year-old Japanese girl is reported. Clinically she had a curved cutaneous depression with a slightly elevated erythematous border on the left abdomen beyond the left groin. The regional lymph node was palpable. Histologic examination showed a decrease of the fat, an inflammatory infiltrate mainly composed of lymphocytes, and septal fibrosis in the subcutaneous tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis found that infiltrating lymphocytes were mainly positive against CD4. Ultrastructurally nuclei in the adipocytes were crescent shaped and located toward the periphery of the cell. Some banded structures with a periodicity of 150 nm, and with intraperiodic bands, referred to as fibrous long-spacing collagen (FLSC), were observed in the septal area of the fatty tissue. These results indicated that FLSC was correlated with the breakdown of fibrillar collagens in LCAI.
Role of autonomic nervous system in autoregulation of human cerebral circulation.
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Modification of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity by inhibition of dopamine beta-hydroxylase.
The influence of sympathetic nervous activity on cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity was investigated through inhibition of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). A PO2 electrode, a PCO2 electrode and a plate-type thermocouple-flowmeter were placed on the pial surface of the cat brain. Cerebrocortical PO2, PCO2, cerebrocortical blood flow and arterial blood pressure were continuously recorded before, during and after intracarotid infusion of 10 mg/kg of fusaric acid, a potent DBH inhibitor. The effects of 5% CO2 inhalation and hyperventilation were measured before and after the inhibition of DBH. Following the intracarotid infusion of fusaric acid, cerebrocortical PO2 and cerebrocortical blood flow increased significantly. After the inhibition of DBH, the degree of the increase in cerebrocortical PO2 during 5% CO2 inhalation was enhanced while the degree of the decrease in cerebrocortical PO2 during hyperventilation did not show any significant change. The cerebral vasodilatation caused by fusaric acid suggests that the sympathetic nervous system takes part in the resting tone of cerebral blood vessels. The increase in the cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity produced by the inhibition of DBH suggests that the sympathetic nervous system modifies cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity.
Serum human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) is elevated in patients with metastatic gastric carcinoma.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a stromally derived protein growth factor that modulates epithelial cell proliferation and motility. HGF may therefore be involved in tumor progression. METHODOLOGY: We measured the immunoreactive (ir)-HGF concentration in the sera of 56 patients with human gastric carcinoma, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and evaluated its association with clinical and histopathologic factors. Clinical stages were classified in accordance with The General Rules for TNM Classification (International Union Against Cancer). RESULTS: The serum hHGF concentrations from patients with gastric carcinoma significantly increased with increasing pathologic tumor grades. Also, there were significantly higher concentrations in patients with nodal metastasis compared to patients without metastasis. The serum hHGF concentrations in patients with liver metastasis were significantly higher than in patients without liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the serum hHGF concentration is elevated in gastric carcinoma patients with liver and nodal metastasis. In multivariate analysis, the serum hHGF concentration was found to be the most important independent factor in predicting overall survival. Thus, the current results suggest that HGF may be important in the progression and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (Bednar tumor).
A case of Bednar tumor on the right shoulder of a 47-year-old Japanese woman is reported. Histological examination showed plump, spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern in central areas of the tumor and a diffuse infiltration of the dermal stroma, which was frequently extended into the subcutis at the periphery of the tumor. The tumor contained a fairly identified population of dendritic pigmented cells. Ultrastructurally, most cells had folded nuclei, were spindle-shaped and had long, slender cytoplasmic projections. Dendritic pigmented cells, which were dispersed among neoplastic cells, contained premelanosomes and mature melanosomes. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells exhibited positive reactions for vimentin and CD 34 and failed to show a positive reaction for neuron specific enolase, HMB-45 or S-100 protein. Factor X IIIa was only expressed on tumor cells around melanin-containing cells, which reacted positively with antibodies to S-100 protein and vimentin. These results indicate that the phenotype of tumor cells around melanin-containing cells differs from other tumor cells and that this difference may be caused by the relationship of tumor cells and melanin-containing cells.
Serum interleukin-2 levels in lung transplant recipients: correlation with findings on transbronchial biopsy.
Serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels were examined in the serum of 17 lung transplant recipients who underwent transbronchial biopsies to diagnose reasons for allograft dysfunction. Over 60 transbronchial biopsies were performed in these 17 patients in a 22-month observation period. Mean serum IL-2 levels were significantly elevated in patients experiencing allograft rejection (p less than 0.01), cytomegalovirus pneumonia (p less than 0.0006), and bacterial/fungal pneumonia (p less than 0.01), when compared with those with normal or nondiagnostic findings on transbronchial biopsies. Serum IL-2 levels were not extraordinarily elevated as seen in other types of allograft rejection and did not differentiate between infection and rejection. In addition, overlapping values were seen in the patient groups tested. Despite these limitations, elevated serum IL-2 levels in lung allograft recipients may provide supplemental information helpful in deciding when to perform transbronchial biopsies.
Simple analytical method for organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk.
A simple method for determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues at the parts per million level in milk was developed. Pesticide residues were extracted with acetonitrile added to aqueous milk, fat was removed by zinc acetate addition and dichloromethane partition, and analytes were concentrated and analyzed by wide-bore capillary column gas chromatography. Recoveries of 6 pesticides spiked in milk samples at levels of 0.1 and 1.0 micrograms/mL were 82.1-93.8% and 79.7-96.6%, respectively. Triplicate samples spiked with 6 pesticides at 1 microgram/mL were analyzed independently by 3 laboratories. Average recoveries were greater than 80%, and the mean coefficients of variation for the complete study were 2.9% for diazinon, 5.4% for dimethoate, 4.6% for malathion, 4.6% for parathion, 4.9% for EPN, and 6.1% for phosalone.
Effects of cerebral ischemia, seizures, and anoxia on arterial concentrations of catecholamines.
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Differential soluble interleukin-2R levels in bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage after single lung transplantation.
Preliminary reports suggest that measurement of the soluble 55 kd subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor may facilitate the diagnosis of allograft rejection in solid organ transplants. Levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in serum or plasma have previously lacked sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of acute allograft rejection. Because single lung transplantation is preferentially performed for nonseptic end-stage pulmonary and cardiopulmonary maladies, we questioned whether the pattern of soluble interleukin-2 receptor recovery in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from both the native and transplanted lungs may enhance correct diagnosis. Fifty-three consecutive fiberoptic bronchoscopic procedures were performed with bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Transbronchoscopic biopsies were histologically classified by the International Society for Heart Transplantation Working Formulation for Standardized Nomenclature. "Soluble interleukin-2 receptor index" was calculated as the quotient of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (in units per milliliter) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, divided by protein (in milligrams per milliliter) to correct for differences in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid techniques and cellularity. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor indexes were significantly increased in the allograft bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during histologic grade A (acute rejection) versus normal transbronchoscopic biopsy specimens (3395 +/- 1298 U/mg versus 76 +/- 21 U/mg) associated with an increased transplanted/native lung ratio (69.9 +/- 46 versus 2 +/- 1 [mean +/- standard error of the mean]) (one-way analysis of variance, p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Serum cytokine levels in heart allograft recipients: correlation with findings on endomyocardial biopsy.
The ability to detect rejection of human cardiac allografts depends on endomyocardial biopsy diagnosis. Because cytokines are known to mediate allograft rejection events, we chose to examine serum levels of specific cytokines and receptors (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-2 receptor [IL-2R], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) and to correlate those levels with findings on endomyocardial biopsy. Sequential sera samples from 23 cardiac allograft recipients were examined for the cytokine levels mentioned, and data correlated with findings on endomyocardial biopsy. Briefly, no statistically correlation of serum cytokine or receptor levels with the stage of allograft rejection was found. When sequential serum cytokine levels were determined in patients experiencing humoral and cellular allograft rejection events, the levels of TNF-alpha appeared to correlate well with endomyocardial biopsy findings. IL-2 and IL-2R levels in two patients who never experienced rejection were elevated on occasion, but TNF-alpha levels were always negative. In summary, measurement of serum cytokine (IL-2, IL-2R) levels in cardiac allograft recipients does not appear to correlate with findings on endomyocardial biopsy; however, elevated levels of TNF-alpha appear to predict more severe humoral allograft rejection episodes and may be helpful in this regard.