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Biomedical subjects

M Tos

Publications and source records attributed to M Tos.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Tympanoplasty in children. An analysis of late results.

The late results of tympanoplasty were analyzed three to fifteen years postoperatively in 124 ears of children aged 2 to 14 years with noncholesteatomatous chronic otitis. The primary graft take rate was 92% and only 4% of the ears had perforations at follow-up. The hearing results were very good. The overall results are similar in children operated on at the ages of two to seven years and in children operated on at the ages of 8 to 14 years. We recommend tympanoplasty in children of all ages, including preschool age.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1985

Nasal fractures in children--long-term results.

An open reduction of nasal fractures in children is more burdensome for the patient, and for the department, than a closed reduction. We therefore made a follow-up examination of 79 patients, undergoing closed reduction of nasal fractures during the period from 1966 through 1975. Mean observation time was 11 years. A control group of 82 subjects was similarly examined. Among the patients, 52% had deformities of the external nose, compared with 22% in the control group - only 7 (9%) of the patients had severe deformities. Septal deviation occurred in 38% of the patients and 40% of the controls. A total of 6 patients in the fracture group were admitted for reoperation; none were readmitted from the control group. We conclude that the results of closed reduction are satisfactory, and that the results of larger, controlled studies must be awaited before the present treatment method is changed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Grommets versus paracentesis in secretory otitis media. A prospective, controlled study.

One hundred and ninety-three consecutive children with bilateral secretory otitis media were treated by adenoidectomy, bilateral paracentesis, and evacuation of middle ear effusion, but with insertion of a grommet in the right ear only. At follow-up one to three years later, the audiometric and tympanometric results were similar in right and left ears. The primary advantage of grommet insertion was normalization of the hearing ability for as long as the grommet was functioning. Thus, only 1% of the ears with grommets had hearing losses exceeding 30 dB HL, whereas this occurred in about 20% of ears without grommets. The adverse effects of grommet insertion included periodic aural discharge during the functioning period of the grommet in 14% and tympanosclerosis of the drum in 48%. In the group of ears treated with paracentesis only, tympanosclerosis occurred in 10%. However, reinsertion of grommets was indicated in 10% of right ears, and 23% of left ears required grommets as well. Of the various pre- and perioperative factors analyzed, only a granulating mucous membrane and copious middle ear effusion could be correlated to frequent and protracted episodes of secretory otitis that required repeated treatment. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1984

Spontaneous course of secretory otitis and changes of the eardrum.

In 222 nonselected, otherwise healthy children, seven repetitive tympanometric screenings were performed from ages 4 to 7 years. At the last three screenings, otomicroscopy was performed and the changes of the eardrum were analyzed. At age five years 24%, at age six years 37%, and at age seven years 39% of all 444 ears had changes of the eardrum, either attic retractions of varying degrees, atrophy, and/or tympanosclerosis of the pars tensa. There was a notable correlation between eardrum abnormality, the tympanometric profile, and the frequency of acute otitis media. Some unstability of the eardrum abnormality occurred over the years, especially of attic retractions and tympanosclerosis. Treatment, especially by grommets, probably cannot prevent eardrum abnormality.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1984

Mastoid pneumatization. Evidence of the environmental theory.

Forty-one randomized, otherwise healthy children with tympanometry were observed from birth until the age of 6 years. At a total of 13 trials, tympanometry and otoscopy were performed. The tympanometric profile was correlated to the size of the mastoid air cell system, as determined by planimetric measurement of roentgenograms taken at age 6 years. There was a notable correlation between the size of the cell system and the tympanometric profile. Thus, the least affected ears with mostly normal or slightly abnormal tympanometry had considerably larger cell systems than the most affected ears with secretory otitis and tubal dysfunction. The findings support the environmental theory of pneumatization.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1984

Epidemiology of acoustic neuromas.

In Denmark one surgical team, during the last 7 years, has performed about 80 per cent of all acoustic neuroma surgery. Because of this centralization, in such a limited population as that of Denmark, we have attempted to make a epidemiological survey of all diagnosed tumours in the period from 1976 to 1983. Systematic and prospective records were made by the authors of all patients with translabyrinthine operations, and data on patients with suboccipital operations were collected retrospectively from the six neurosurgical departments in Denmark. The average annual incidence was 8 tumours per million inhabitants, with the highest incidence of approximately 13 tumours per million occurring in Copenhagen County. The incidence reported in previously published autopsy series is 800-900 times higher and the following may serve as an explanation for this enormous difference: Autopsy series are in all probability based on highly selected cases; they are predominantly based on elderly people and the incidence is not directly applicable to the population at large. Several of the silent tumours from the autopsy series were located in the cochlea or in the labyrinth and not in the internal ear canal. The conclusion from our study is that both the knowledge and data available at present are insufficient to serve as a basis for an actual calculation of incidence and prevalence of acoustic neuromas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Denmark↗
PubMed1984

Calcified acoustic neurinoma.

An unusual case history of a patient with an acoustic neurinoma is reported. The patient had a two-year history of unilateral sensori-neural hearing impairment, normal radiological appearance of the internal acoustic meatus at tomography and on CT a grossly calcified tumour in the cerebello-pontine angle, indicating pathology other than an neurinoma. Vertebral angiography was normal, and at surgery a grossly calcified tumour was found, while microscopy revealed a typical neurinoma pattern. The tumour had to be removed in two stages, both via the translabyrinthine approach, with a satisfactory post-operative condition, including near-normal facial function. It is concluded that dense calcifications in tumours in the cerebello-pontine angle do not necessarily exclude a neurinoma, and vertebral angiography is therefore not indicated routinely. However, such findings do predict difficulties at surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Acute epiglottitis in adults. A management protocol based on a 17-year material.

During a 17-year period 75 adult patients were treated for acute epiglottis. Twenty of the patients had respiratory symptoms and in 13 patients an artificial airway was established by means of nasotracheal intubation or tracheotomy. One patient died of suffocation and one other patient had severe incapacitating brain damage because of cardiac arrest in combination with respiratory obstruction. All the other patients were discharged from the hospital without any sequelae. On the basis of our 17-year material and the literature, a protocol for the handling of patients with suspected acute epiglottitis is presented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Implications of DNA characterization of human acoustic neuromas.

Based on in vitro detection of cell-mediated immunity against human acoustic neuroma extract, a malignant potential of acoustic neuromas could be surmised, as malignant DNA patterns have been demonstrated in benign pituitary tumours. Flow-cytofluorometric characterization of the DNA content in 10 human acoustic neuromas, however, only revealed diploid cell lines and normal distributions of cells in different cell cycle phases. All acoustic neuromas were histopathology benign. The percentage of cells in S-phase (range: 1.8-8.3%, median: 3.6%) reflected a slow growth rate correlated neither to age, size of tumour, nor length of case history at time of surgery. These findings may in part be due to the analytical variation in the determinations of the S-phases. The investigation has not offered any explanation for the observed cell-mediated immunity against acoustic neuromas, and confirms that acoustic neuromas are benign tuours.

DNA↗
PubMed1984

Placebo effect in surgery for Meniere's disease: a three-year follow-up study of patients in a double blind placebo controlled study on endolymphatic sac shunt surgery.

In a previously published double blind, placebo controlled study, the efficacy of an endolymphatic sac-mastoid shunt was compared with a purely placebo operation (mastoidectomy) in controlling the symptoms in 30 patients with typical Meniere's disease. Minor differences could be demonstrated after one year between patients with the shunt versus the sham operation, but the greatest difference was between the pre- and postoperative scores, and both groups improved significantly. It was concluded that the impact of the various endolymphatic sac shunts upon the symptoms in patients with Meniere's disease is highly unspecific, and that the 70% improvement in both our groups was most likely caused by a placebo effect. The patients have now been regularly followed for a minimum of 3 years and the symptoms registered whenever present. The results of hearing tests, the patients' own evaluation, and the investigator's evaluation (while still unaware of the type of operation in each patient) show that the 3-year results are the same as our results from the first year: no significant difference could be found between the two groups.

Adult↗