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Biomedical subjects

M Tos

Publications and source records attributed to M Tos.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Attic cholesteatoma. Recurrence rate related to observation time.

Two hundred twenty-four ears with attic cholesteatomas, subjected to one-stage surgery between 1965 and 1978, were reevaluated several times, most recently in 1980/81 at a median observation time of 8 years (range, 3 to 16 years) and in 1985/86 at a median observation time of 11 years (range, 3 to 21 years). The recurrence rate was related to length of observation time. Up to and including the follow-up examination in 1980, the rate of residual cholesteatoma in the tympanic cavity was 1.3% and 0.9% in the attic. The incidence of recurrent cholesteatoma in the attic or the cavity was 1.8%. The total recurrence rate was 4.0%. At follow-up in 1985/86, the total recurrence rate had increased to 6.3%, comprising residual cholesteatoma in the tympanic cavity in 1.8% and in the attic in 0.9% and recurrent cholesteatoma in 3.6%. A total of 133 patients had a modified canal wall up mastoidectomy, whereas 91 patients had canal wall down mastoidectomy with obliteration. With regard to the total results of surgery, no significant differences could be demonstrated between the two methods, and we conclude that canal wall up mastoidectomy can be performed in one stage.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1987

Dynamics of eardrum changes following secretory otitis. A prospective study.

Children with secretory otitis who, during the period from 1970 through 1975, had been treated with adenoidectomy and insertion of ventilating tubes were reexamined three to eight years after treatment and, again, ten to 16 years after treatment. The changes of the tympanic membranes were analyzed with regard to the occurrence of attic retractions and changes of the pars tensa of the membranae tympani. At the first follow-up examination, varying degrees of attic retractions were found in 37% of ears and, at the second follow-up examination, in 27% of ears. This general improvement was mainly due to normalization of the slight retractions, whereas the frequency of severe retractions increased. Pathology of the pars tensa of the membranae tympani was found in 57% of ears at the first examination and comprised the following: tympanosclerosis (19%), tympanosclerosis and atrophy (10%), atrophy (22%), atrophy and pexi (3%), and adhesive otitis (3%). At the second follow-up examination, pathology of the pars tensa of the membranae tympani occurred in 58.05% of ears and was distributed as follows: tympanosclerosis (26%), atrophy and tympanosclerosis (11%), atrophy (14%), atrophy and pexi (5%), adhesive otitis (2%), and sinus cholesteatoma (0.5%).

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1987

Partial and total reconstruction of old radical cavities. Long-term results.

Partial reconstruction of old radical cavities was performed in 118 ears with well-epithelialized mastoid cavities but with problematic tympanic cavities. Total reconstruction was performed in 145 ears with chronically discharging cavities. Partial reconstruction included reconstruction of only the tympanic cavity, whereas in total reconstructions both the tympanic cavity and the external auditory canal were rebuilt, in most cases with obliteration of the mastoid cavity. The patients were reexamined several times during observation periods of up to 17 1/2 years (mean, 8 1/2 years) and the long-term results were analyzed. The primary functional results were good but deteriorated with increasing observation time. In 79% of the patients, the ears remained dry following total radical reconstruction.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1987

Upper respiratory tract secretions: pathophysiology.

Nasal fluid is a heterogeneous substance. It consists largely of a secretory product derived from the 100,000 small seromucous glands. The anterior part of the nose has a relatively high secretory capacity, but this does not seem to be caused by secretion from the 200 anterior serous glands. Compared to sputum, nasal secretion has a lower viscosity, but comparable spinability; it has a lower dry weight, and content of sulphate, sugars and most proteins, but a comparable level of albumin. Watery rhinorrhoea is mainly reflex-mediated. Watery, but not purulent nasal discharge can be reduced by the cholinoceptor antagonist, ipratropium, administered in a dose which matches the degree of the symptoms. It seems likely that the nose, in some respects, can serve as a model for the analysis of airway secretions, but a comparative study of nasal and of bronchial secretions sampled in an identical way is warranted.

Allergens↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative features of goblet cells in the rat tracheobronchial tree.

The whole-mount quantitative method was used to study the density and distribution of goblet cells in the male rat lung. The airway of the left lung in 10 lung specimens were dissected downwards in the axial pathway and the airway generation levels were determined by an exact numbering system. The entire bronchial mucous membrane was separated and stained according to the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method. There was a significant decrease in goblet cell density from the proximal to the distal airways (6 to 0 cells/field). The overall median density was 1 cell/field, corresponding to 56 cells per mm2. The goblet cells were irregularly distributed throughout the airways. When using the rat airway epithelium as an animal model system the whole-mount method is recommended and this study provides an exact quantitative mapping of the rat airway epithelial system to be used for baseline comparison.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Autologous tissue seal in myringoplasty.

A prospective, controlled study on the efficacy of autologous tissue seal in myringoplasty was performed. In 29 patients with dry perforations, temporalis fascia was glued with tissue seal. In 30 patients the fascia was fixed with Gelfoam balls. No significant differences in take-rate was found between these two methods.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative study of goblet cells in the upper lobe of the normal human lung.

Goblet-cell density and distribution were studied in ten specimens of the human adult lung. The bronchial tree of the left upper lobe was dissected, and the bronchial mucosa separated and stained by the whole-mount periodic acid-Schiffalcian blue method. There was a significant fall in the goblet-cell density from the proximal to the distal airways. In the upper division, the number decreased from 144 cells per field (second generation) to 80 cells per field (14th generation), and in the lingular division it decreased from 137 (fourth generation) to 77 cell (18th generation). The overall goblet-cell density for the upper lobe was 113 cells per field, corresponding to 6,400 cells per square millimeter. No particular pattern in cell distribution was noticed; the cells were irregularly distributed all along the bronchial tree without any well-defined distribution pattern. In the ten lung specimens studied, goblet-cell density did not correlate with smoking habit, sex, or age.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sensorineural hearing loss in chronic adhesive otitis.

The incidence and degree of sensorineural hearing loss were analyzed in 67 patients operated on for adhesive otitis. Median observation time was 11 years. The difference in bone conduction between the treated ear and the untreated ear was assessed for each frequency, before operation and late after operation. A sensorineural hearing impairment of 5 dB was found in the frequency region of 500 to 2,000 Hz and of 10 dB at 4,000 Hz. The hearing did not deteriorate during the postoperative period. In 76% of the patients, the bone conduction in the treated ear compared with the healthy ear was at least 10 dB poorer at one or more frequencies. There are great problems in analyzing sensorineural hearing loss in chronic otitis, which often is or has been bilateral.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1986

Revision tympanoplasty.

The terms 'planned two-stage operations', 'planned second-look operations', 'previous surgery', and 'revision surgery' are discussed on the basis of our series of 2,303 ears operated upon from January 1965 to December 1980. We have not performed any planned two-stage operations. All operations prior to the first operation in our department are denoted 'previous surgery'. 'Revision surgery' denotes all reoperations performed either in this department or elsewhere during the observation period until the end of 1984, and the revision rate is analysed in patients with different pathological conditions. 'Revision surgery' was performed in 15.6 percent of 740 ears with cholesteatoma (in 13.9 per cent once, in 1.6 per cent twice, and in 0.1 per cent three times), and 'previous surgery' in 3 per cent. Among 229 ears with chronic granulating otitis, revision surgery had been performed in 12.2 per cent up to December 1982. By December 1984, this figure had risen to 16.1 per cent. 'Previous surgery' had been performed in 18.3 per cent. A total of 38.4 per cent had at least two operations. The revision rate in other conditions varied from 10 per cent (sequelae to chronic otitis) to 34 per cent (post-inflammatory acquired atresia). These rates are discussed and the functional results presented.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of secretory otitis and pneumatization.

In 33 children, median age 4 years, with bilateral secretory otitis, adenoidectomy was performed, a grommet was inserted in the right ear, and paracentesis was done on the left side. Seven years postoperatively x-rays were taken of the children's mastoid cell systems and these were measured by planimetry. A significantly larger cell system was found on the side with grommets, which is considered to support the environmental theory of pneumatization.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1986

Postinflammatory acquired atresia of the external auditory canal: late results of surgery.

Postinflammatory atresia of the external meatus following recurrent external otitis or chronic otitis media has been treated in twenty-two ears with endaural excision of the fibrous tissue and coverage of the denuded drum and bone of the medial part of the external ear canal with a split-skin transplant. Primary and late results are presented. During the first six months postoperatively, the patients developed recurrent atresia. At follow-up, with a median observation time of five years, no further progression of atresia had occurred. Hearing improvement has been considerable after removal of the atresia, and in many ears the air-bone gap was closed, so the patient also benefited from the operation in the long run.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Goblet-cell density in the human lung--whole-mount study of the normal left lower lobe.

The whole-mount quantitative method was used to study goblet-cell density and distribution in the adult human lung. The airways of the lower lobe in 10 lung specimens were dissected downwards in the axial pathway and airway generation levels were determined by an exact numbering system. The entire bronchial mucous membrane was separated from the underlying structures and stained with the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method. 11 generations (3-13) were studied in all 10 specimens. Goblet cells were irregularly distributed throughout the airways. There was a highly significant decrease in goblet-cell density from proximal to distal airways (145 to 92 cells/field). The overall median density was 123 cells per field, which corresponds to 6,950 cells per square mm. There was no obvious difference between the cases as related to smoking habits, sex and age.

Adult↗