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Biomedical subjects

M Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to M Taylor.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Observation of a polar bear with rabies.

On 1 November 1989 the first confirmed case of rabies in a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) was encountered by Inuit hunters in the vicinity of Cape Kendall, Southampton Island, Northwest Territories (Canada). The adult male polar bear had posterior paralysis. Rabies was detected by mouse inoculation and a positive immunoperoxidase reaction on spinal cord and Gasserian ganglion from the bear. Histologic lesions in the lumbar region of the spinal cord were consistent with the posterior paralysis. The impact of rabies on the population dynamics of polar bears probably is minimal. Rabies in polar bears constitutes a potential health hazard for polar bear hunters.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Florida pediatric emergency nursing education project.

Pediatric emergency care education is fast becoming a priority. Last year, a pediatric emergency nursing course was offered to 164 emergency nurses representing 82 Florida hospitals. This course supplemented the Pediatric Advanced Life Support course of the American Heart Association with topics specific to pediatric emergency nursing. Fifty-five percent of the participants have since offered pediatric educational programs and 73% have modified or added pediatric equipment in their emergency departments after the course.

Certification↗
PubMed1991

An in situ hybridization, molecular biological and immunohistochemical study of hepatitis delta virus in woodchucks.

The presence of hepatitis delta virus genomic RNA and hepatitis delta antigen was investigated in woodchuck liver and extrahepatic tissues by in situ hybridization using synthetic radiolabeled probes, Northern-blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining for hepatitis delta antigen. Hepatitis D virus RNA and hepatitis delta antigen were detected in the nuclei of infected hepatocytes but in none of the other tissues examined. Northern-blot analysis of total cell RNA confirmed these findings and revealed a series of hepatitis D virus transcripts, including full-length genomic RNA and dimers and trimers of hepatitis D virus RNA that may represent replicative intermediates. Use of single-stranded probes showed genome-size monomers and dimers to be both of genomic and antigenomic polarity, although dimers were found to be predominantly antigenomic. These findings document the strict hepatotropism of hepatitis D virus and support the rolling-circle model of genome replication for this unique, defective RNA virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Perspective taking and theory of mind: do children predict interpretive diversity as a function of differences in observers' knowledge?

In 3 experiments, children's ability to vary their responses on perspective-taking tasks as a function of the other person's age was examined. In Experiment 1,4- and 5-year-olds were shown to be accurate in their judgments about the knowledge of a 6-month-old baby, a 4-year-old child, and an adult. In Experiment 2, 4-year-olds were asked to determine if a baby, child, and adult would be able to identify an object from a restricted view showing either an identifiable part, a small nondescript part, or no part of the object. Children tended to report that the observer would be able to identify the object from an identifiable or nondescript part. Their judgments were not affected by the age of the observer. Experiment 3 replicated the asymmetry in performance on the general knowledge task and the restricted view task and extended these results by testing 4-year-olds, 6-year-olds, and adults using a within-subjects design.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Dry reagent technology for rapid, convenient measurements of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.

Rapid coagulation and fibrinolysis assays suitable for use with an imprecisely measured sample volume (either whole blood or plasma) have been developed, utilizing a technology based on paramagnetic iron oxide particles (PIOP) that move in response to an oscillating magnetic field. PIOP are combined with appropriate test reagents for clotting and thrombolysis assays and formulated as dry reagents within a capillary test chamber. The minima and maxima of the PIOP oscillations define a two-sided waveform that provides kinetic information on fibrin polymerization and lysis. Subject to the chemistry of the dry reagent formulation, the resulting waveform can be used to define clotting time, lysis onset time, or fibrinogen variables. Applications to one-stage prothrombin time and one-stage activated partial thromboplastin time tests have yielded assays with consistently good correlations with other test methods. Applications to fibrinolysis studies have yielded global assays of thrombolytic activity, in that the assay results reflect the interactions of multiple factors associated with the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy. Depending on the components utilized in a particular reagent formulation, one can derive information about the activity of such factors as fibrinogen, plasminogen, and related inhibitors, as well as the lytic agent being administered. Use of these assays in a clinical setting should provide a rapid, convenient alternative to conventional testing of coagulation variables and a reliable method for monitoring thrombolytic therapy.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1991

Unit power.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1990

Arachidonic acid metabolites do not mediate modulation of neurotransmitter release by adenosine in rat hippocampus or striatum.

The possible involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites as mediators of the modulation of neurotransmitter release by adenosine, acetylcholine, and GABA was examined in brain slices of rat hippocampus and striatum. The synaptic modulatory effects of these 3 agents on excitatory transmission in the CA1 region of hippocampus were completely unaffected by a phospholipase inhibitor (p-bromophenacyl bromide, BPB; 10-50 microM), a lipoxygenase inhibitor (nordihydroguaiaretic acid; 5-50 microM), the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10-20 microM), and a cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor (U53059; 5-10 microM). BPB was also found to be ineffective in altering the modulation of transmission by adenosine in the perforant path, and the adenosine inhibition of electrically stimulated release of endogenous dopamine from striatal slices. Arachidonic acid itself also had no effect on synaptic transmission. While these experiments do not rule out such a role for arachidonic acid or its metabolites in mammalian brain, they suggest that in a number of systems the inhibition of transmitter release must occur through an entirely independent mechanism.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed1990

Induction of differentiation of rat retinal, germinal, neuroepithelial cells by dbcAMP.

Little is known about the factors that regulate the production of neurons during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS); however, evidence from several neuronal cell lines suggests that an increase in intracellular cAMP might trigger the process of differentiation. To determine if a similar process is involved in differentiation during normal CNS neurogenesis, we raised the intracellular level of cAMP in primary cultures of mitotically active, germinal neuroepithelial cells from fetal and postnatal rat retina. This treatment induced differentiation of the CNS precursors, causing the cells to cease DNA synthesis and increase their expression of proteins normally found in differentiated retinal cells. These results indicate that germinal neuroepithelial cell differentiation can be controlled through the cAMP second messenger system, and that the regulation of this system may in part determine the numbers and ratios of the various classes of neurons during the normal development of the CNS.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Microinjected GTP-gamma-S inhibits progesterone-induced maturation of Xenopus oocytes.

GTP-gamma-S inhibits progesterone-induced maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes and induces a rise in their cAMP levels. GTP-gamma-S does not inhibit MPF-induced maturation. Although GTP-gamma-S prevents the progesterone-induced increases in protein synthesis and phosphorylation, it has no effect on the basal rates of either. GTP-gamma-S also prevents the initial DAG drop induced by progesterone. GDP-beta-S effects are ambiguous, but it seems not to affect progesterone-induced maturation. These results suggest that although G-proteins are associated with the pathways affected by progesterone, the effects of progesterone are not mediated by a typical receptor/G-protein/effector interaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The evaluation of a cognitive behavioural treatment programme in outpatients with chronic pain.

This study is an attempt to investigate the efficacy of an outpatient cognitive behavioural group programme for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic pain. The programme, which took place over one afternoon per week for seven weeks and was conducted by a multidisciplinary team, aimed to increase patients' skills for coping with chronic pain and its social, emotional and physical consequences. Measures of pain intensity, mood, coping skills, physical disability and medication consumption were obtained on four separate occasions: twice pre-treatment, immediately post-treatment and at one month follow-up. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant improvements in mood, coping skills, physical disability and analgesic consumption despite less clear-cut improvement in ratings of pain intensity. These results parallel the findings of similar studies in the U.S.A. and their implications for the provision of services to chronic pain patients in the U.K. is discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Molecular analysis of selection for benzimidazole resistance in the sheep parasite Haemonchus contortus.

The molecular basis for the resistance of the sheep parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus to the benzimidazole (BZ) group of anthelmintics was investigated. Three BZ-susceptible and three resistant populations from different geographical locations were characterized with respect to the egg-hatch assay with thiabendazole (TBZ), mebendazole (MBZ) binding tests and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) after Southern blotting. Cloned H. contortus alpha- and beta-tubulin genes were used as probes to analyze the RFLPs of genomic DNA prepared from mixtures of infectious larvae (L3) or adults. The susceptible populations showed, with both alpha- and beta-tubulin probes, 2 to 6 different fragments, depending on the restriction enzyme used. The three resistant populations showed as many fragments with the alpha-tubulin probe as the susceptible populations, but when probed with beta-tubulin only 1 or 2 fragments were visible, but always less than in the susceptible populations. An in vitro selection experiment was carried out using a susceptible population that was isolated in the laboratory before BZ came on the market. The results showed that after two selections with increasing amounts of TBZ, the population had become resistant, according to the egg-hatch assay values and MBZ binding assay. Using RFPL, the number of beta-tubulin probe reactive DNA fragments was reduced from 5 to 1. Analysis of the DNA of individual male adults of susceptible populations indicated a heterogeneity among the individual worms regarding the number of beta-tubulin probe reactive fragments (1 to 4) and frequency of the specific fragments. Usually, only one specific fragment (9 kb) was found in the resistant individuals. This 9-kb fragment was already present in some individuals in the susceptible population although it was in combination with other fragments. This would imply that genes conferring BZ resistance were present in H. contortus populations before BZ came on the market, and could explain the fast selection for BZ resistance in the field.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A pilot study of the efficacy of topical ivermectin against lungworm in young red deer (Cervus elaphus).

Three groups of ten 4-month-old red deer (Cervus elaphus) calves naturally infected with lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus) were treated with either oral ivermectin (200 microg/kg), topical (pour-on) ivermectin (500 microg/kg) or oral oxfendazole (5 mg/kg). Faecal larval counts for lungworm were undetectable or very low for 14 days after treatment with oxfendazole, 28 days after treatment with oral ivermectin and for 49 days after treatment with topical ivermectin. This pilot study suggests that the topical formulation of ivermectin was very effective against lungworm and had a more persistent action than the oral ivermectin formulation in young red deer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

The lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and recurrent miscarriage.

The presence of antibodies to cardiolipin and the lupus anticoagulant were investigated in 189 couples with recurrent abortion. Abnormal coagulation results as measured by an elevation of the APTT or KCT were found in 6% and 7% of patients, respectively; however, the lupus anticoagulant was detected in only 3% of patients. Anticardiolipin antibody levels higher than normal were found in 15% of patients. There was no significant difference between parameters in primary as compared to secondary recurrent aborters or subfertile compared to fertile recurrent aborters. The success of the next pregnancy could not be predicted by any of the laboratory tests.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1990

Influence of endogenous prostaglandins on mTAL injury.

We altered renal prostaglandin production by isolated rat kidneys in several ways to see if this would influence the susceptibility of cells lining the medullary thick ascending limb to injury. Rats were fed a diet containing either safflower oil (high in linoleic acid) or fish oil (low in arachidonate precursors) as a source of fat. After 90 min of perfusion, the kidneys of rats fed safflower oil showed only 32.7 +/- 6.7% of medullary thick ascending limb cells near the inner medulla with severe damage, whereas the same zone in perfused kidneys of rats fed fish oil showed 96.6 +/- 1.3% severely damaged cells (P less than 0.01). The protection afforded by safflower oil was accompanied by a doubling of urinary excretion of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and was eliminated by indomethacin, which suppressed prostaglandin synthesis. Perfusion with bradykinin also greatly increased prostaglandin excretion and reduced severe medullary thick ascending limb damage in the deepest zone of the outer medulla from 51.3 +/- 6.6% in controls to 28.5 +/- 5.9% (P less than 0.02). The protection provided by bradykinin was also completely reversed by indomethacin. The results suggest that endogenous prostaglandins serve a protective function against hypoxic injury for cells of the medullary thick ascending limb.

Animals↗