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Biomedical subjects

M Tardieu

Publications and source records attributed to M Tardieu.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Acute hydrocephalus due to Candida meningitis in a 2-month-old infant].

A case of triventricular acute hydrocephalus is reported in a 2 month-old male. The etiology was a Candida sepsis with neonatal onset and subacute course of meningitis and arthritis. No immune deficiency was detected and antibiotic treatment appeared to be the only predisposing factor to systemic candidiasis in this neonate. The condition was treated successfully with amphotericin B, fluocytosin and ketoconazole. At follow up, 17 months later, the development of the child appeared normal.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Effect of cyclosporin A on an experimental chronic viral infection of the central nervous system.

The effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on neuropathological lesions induced by a chronic viral infection have been tested in the experimental model of the mouse hepatitis virus 3 (MHV3) infection. Daily injections of CsA (50 mg/kg) inhibited the expression of the MHV3-induced ependymitis, meningitis, hydrocephalus and vasculitis. The effect was preserved even if CsA treatment was initiated 15 days after virus infection but was lost if CsA treatment was given later on or for a shorter period of time. Viral titers in brains of chronically infected mice were not affected by CsA treatment. During the first week following MHV3 infection, CsA treatment increased both the percentage of acute death (31 vs. 10%) and the viral titers in brain and liver of infected mice. In this model, the timing of CsA treatment appeared critical for the balance between its beneficial effect on CNS lesions and the risk of increased acute mortality.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Sanfilippo disease, type C: three cases in the same family.

Six siblings were followed, three of them suffering from a Sanfilippo disease, type C, as demonstrated by a deficient glucosamine acetyltransferase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts. Clinical and radiological findings were similar in the three affected children and the phenotypical expression of the disease allowed no distinction between the different types of Sanfilippo disease. Ultrastructural studies of the liver demonstrated characteristic intra-vacuolar inclusions.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1989

Seizures presenting as apnoea.

Between the ages of 3 and 6 months a baby boy presented with repeated, non-specific episodes of cyanosis, apnoea, bradycardia, and abnormal movements of the limbs. The episodes were severe and required resuscitation and several admissions to hospital. Initial investigations showed only signs of oesophagitis. Despite treatment of the oesophagitis the symptoms recurred, and electroencephalography and polygraphy eventually showed evidence of minor seizures. Severe epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures developed when he was 6 months old.

Apnea↗
PubMed1989

Biological and binding studies of acidic fibroblast growth factor in the presence of substituted dextran.

Heparin has been shown to interact with acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and to potentiate the biological activity of aFGF on fibroblastic cells. Water-soluble dextran substituted with methyl carboxylic benzylamine and sulfonate groups has been shown to mimic the effect of heparin in its anticoagulant and anticomplement activity. We have studied the effect of a dextran derivative named E (DDE), which had an anticoagulant activity equivalent to 0.5 IU heparin/mg, on the mitogenic activity of aFGF on Chinese hamster fibroblasts (CCL39). DDE interacts with aFGF in a comparable manner to heparin. We have shown that 20 micrograms of heparin or 400 micrograms of DDE added to 1 ml of culture medium has no effect on cell proliferation alone but potentiates the mitogenic activity of aFGF ten fold if aFGF is added at doses corresponding to half maximum stimulation (ED50). We have also studied the effect of various concentrations of heparin and DDE on the binding of 125I-aFGF on bovine brain membranes. Interestingly, the binding of 125I-aFGF increased three-fold as the concentration of heparin was increased up to 0.2 microgram/ml. At 1 microgram/ml of heparin, the amount of bound 125I-aFGF is comparable to that obtained in the absence of heparin. At higher concentrations, heparin displaces bound 125I-aFGF, and a 50% displacement is seen with 20 micrograms/ml of heparin. In the presence of DDE, no increase in 125I-aFGF binding is seen and a displacement is obtained with increasing doses. A possible explanation of these results may be the existence of specific receptors to heparin on the cellular membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Neurologic manifestations in immune deficiencies].

Immune deficiencies may be associated with central nervous system manifestations due to infections, to the cause of the immune deficiency, or to the treatments used. We provide several examples and emphasize the diagnostic strategy, that should be very systematic, and the intricate nature of the etiologies.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Zidovudine therapy in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Eight children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), aged four months to 12 years, were treated with zidovudine (azidothymidine) 100 mg/m2 intravenously every six hours for 14 days, followed by oral zidovudine at the same dose for a total of six months. Of the eight, six were infected at birth and two were contaminated by blood transfusion at ages eight and nine years, respectively; seven of the eight showed specific neurologic impairment consisting of encephalopathy (six children) and myelopathy (one child). In two children, a dramatic improvement of clinical status occurred, including neurologic progress in one; in three, the improvement was dissociate or transient and in the other three, no modification was observed. A marked increase of total lymphocyte and CD4(+) cell counts occurred in four children but was transient without modification of in vitro antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation; p24 human immunodeficiency virus serum antigens were detected in seven of eight children, then transiently disappeared in all children during intravenous therapy but reappeared progressively during the oral regimen in all but one. Progressive modification of human immunodeficiency virus serology was noted in five children, mainly characterized by the finding of anti-core antibodies. The hematologic toxicity of zidovudine was comparable with that observed in adults. These preliminary results support the need for further studies in order to delineate the optimal regimen of zidovudine in children with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Tuberculous meningitis due to BCG in two previously healthy children.

Tuberculous meningitis with favourable outcome has been observed in two immunocompetent previously healthy children. The mycobacteria isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of both patients proved to be Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The patients had been inoculated with BCG, one 5 and the other 6 months before onset of the disease.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Paralytic poliomyelitis in vaccinated children.

Paralytic poliomyelitis were observed in two healthy children who both had previously received four doses of standard inactivated poliovaccine (IPV). These children, whose immune defenses were normal, failed to respond to IPV. This absence of antibody response might be related to an insufficient antigenicity of inactivated vaccines, justifying the extensive use of the more potent IPV, now produced on continuous cell lines.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

[Acute viral meningitis and encephalitis in children].

Both viral meningitis and encephalitis in infants and children give clinical features of various severity. The mechanism of viral encephalitis varies from CNS cellular destruction, immune or oedematous process. The clinical and EEG features of herpes encephalitis in the child are usually well recognizable. CSF characteristics are important for differential diagnosis. Management therapy includes anti-oedema treatment, prevention or cure of seizures. Passive immunisation against rubella, rubeola and measles is the best prevention therapy for post-infectious encephalitis. Herpes encephalitis prognosis has improved with acyclovir therapy. In France, mortality due to post-infectious encephalitis is estimated below 5% and sequellae below 20%.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Prognostic factors in cerebral hypoxic-ischemias in infants less than a year old].

In order to establish criteria for early cerebral prognosis after acute cerebral hypoxic ischemic insult, we studied 31 cases of patients presenting, during their first year of life, cardio-respiratory arrests due to SIDS (21 cases), anesthesia (4 cases), other causes (6 cases). A favourable evolution was observed in 5 cases where coma lasted less than 8 hours. Conversely unfavorable evolution was seen in the 26 patients (21 deaths, 5 sequellae) where coma lasted more than 8 hours. Among 12 patients of this group surviving after the 4th day, 9 expressed seizures or status epilepticus. The poor evolution was correlated with hyperproteinorachia during the first 24 hours and with cortico-subcortical hypodensity on CT scan. Early EEG and transfontanellar echography seemed less useful to establish a prognosis, specifically to discriminate children surviving with and without sequelae.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1986

Selective tropism of a neurotropic coronavirus for ependymal cells, neurons, and meningeal cells.

The ability of a neurotropic virus, mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV3), to invade the central nervous system (CNS) and to recognize cells selectively within the brain was investigated in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, MHV3 induced in C3H mice a genetically controlled infection of meningeal cells, ependymal cells, and neurons. In vitro, purified MHV3 bound to the surface of isolated ependymal cells and cultured cortical neurons but not to oligodendrocytes or cultured astrocytes. MHV3 replicated within cultured cortical neurons and neuroblastoma cells (NIE 115); infected cultured neurons nonetheless survived and matured normally for a 7-day period postinfection. On the other hand, MHV3 had a low affinity for cortical glial cells or glioma cells (C6 line), both of which appear to be morphologically unaltered by viral infection. Finally, MHV3 infected and disrupted cultured meningeal cells. This suggests that differences in the affinity of cells for MHV3 are determinants of the selective vulnerability of cellular subpopulations within the CNS. In vivo, a higher titer of virus was needed for CNS penetration in the genetically resistant (A/Jx) mice than in the susceptible (C57/BL6) mouse strain. However, in spite of viral invasion, no neuropathological lesions developed. In vitro viral binding to adult ependymal cells of susceptible and resistant strains of mice was identical. Genetic resistance to MHV3-CNS infection appeared to be mediated both by a peripheral mechanism limiting viral penetration into the CNS and by intra-CNS mechanisms, presumably at a stage after viral attachment to target cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Prospective study of 59 cases of viral meningitis in children. Clinical and virologic diagnosis. Epidemiology and physiopathology].

In a prospective 2 year study of 59 cases of childhood meningitis, mumps was the most common etiological virus (39%), followed by enterovirus (27%). The analysis of the cases suggested that a diagnosis of the infectious agent may be arrived at using clinical data such as the degree of nuchal rigidity, the age of the patients, and the presence of associated parotiditis or macular rash. Pleiocytosis in the CSF was higher and included a larger percentage of lymphocytes during mumps meningitis than during enterovirus meningitis. Mumps or enterovirus were isolated in the CSF of 23% (mumps) and 27% (enterovirus) of the patients. Alpha interferon which was acid labile was detected in the CSF of 89% and 63% respectively of patients with mumps and enterovirus meningitis.

Antibodies, Viral↗