Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Takeda.
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The compositional changes of acidic glycosaminoglycans (AGAG) in the urine of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) patients were studied using chondroitinases and heparitinase in appropriate enzyme assays and by electrophoretic characterization. Daily urinary excretion of AGAG in patients with PSS was increased, when compared to normals. The proportion of urinary AGAG in PSS patients, which was undigested by chondroitinase-ABC (most probably representing heparan sulfates (HS)), increased significantly from the normal value. The substance was found to be mainly HS as determined by the electrophoretic pattern, thin-layer chromatographic analysis and by its susceptibility to heparitinase. After digestion of urinary chondroitin sulfate isomers with chondroitinases, the unsaturated disaccharides were mainly separated into 4-sulfated and 6-sulfated disaccharide units by paper chromatography. In all of the patients with PSS, the ratio of the unsaturated 4-sulfated disaccharide to the unsaturated disaccharide was higher than that in normal subjects. These observations indicate an abnormal turnover of AGAG in patients with PSS.
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Treatment of a pig heart phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.16) of Mr 224 000 with 40% ethanol followed by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-150, dissociated the enzyme into an active component of Mr 31 000 and an inactive component of Mr 80 000. The inactive component reassociated with the active component, resulting in the formation of an enzyme form of Mr 123 000. A large excess of either component in the reassociation produced only this enzyme form. The ability of the inactive component to associate with the active component was lost by treatment of the inactive component with trypsin and heat (60 degrees C, 2 min) but not with DNAase and RNAase. Effects of the inactive component on the activities of the active component by the association were as followings. The inactive component: (1) stimulated slightly the 32P-H2B histone phosphatase activity in the presence of either NaCl or Mg(CH3COO)2 but inhibited strongly in the absence of the salts; (2) stimulated the 32P-H1 histone phosphatase activity in the presence of the salts; (3) inhibited the phosphorylase a phosphatase activity in the presence and absence of the salts; (4) enhanced the response to the stimulatory effects of the salts on the dephosphorylation of 32P-histone; and (5) protected the phosphorylase a phosphatase activity from inhibition by the salts.
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Mouse taste buds were investigated following administration of monoamines and their precursors by fluorescence and electron microscopy. The appearance of fluorescent cells within the taste bud and the ultrastructural changes of vesicles in the gustatory cells were due to the treatment of 5-hydroxytryptophan. Small dense-cored vesicles (30-60 nm in diameter) appeared throughout the cytoplasm and accumulated especially at the presynaptic membranes of afferent synapses. Large dense-cored vesicles (80-100 nm) increased twice in number, and electron densities of their cores became more dense as compared with untreated mice. Fluorescent cells appeared in the taste bud of L-DOPA treated mice, whereas no ultrastructural changes were observed. These results suggest that the gustatory cells of the taste bud are capable of taking up and storing monoamines, which might act as neurotransmitters from the gustatory cells to the nerves.
Hexosamine concentration in human pure pancreatic juice was determined during wash-out phase and secretin stimulation phase. Specimens were collected by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla at one minute intervals for 20 minutes after intravenous injection of secretin (Eisai, 1 U/kg) and for 10 minutes after pancreozymin injection (Boots, 1 U/kg). In suspected and established chronic pancreatitis (calcifying or non-calcifying), hexosamine concentration was significantly raised during both wash-out phase and secretin phase. Hexosamine output was significantly raised in suspected chronic pancreatitis and non-calcifying chronic pancreatitis during both wash-out phase and secretin phase; in calcifying chronic pancreatitis, no significant increase in hexosamine output was noted during both phases because of decreased secretory volume. Significance of these findings was discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis.
Calcium concentration in human pure pancreatic juice was determined during wash-out period, secretin stimulation and pancreozymin stimulation. Specimens were collected by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla at one minute intervals for 20 minutes after intravenous injection of secretin (Eisai, 1 U/kg) and for 10 minutes after pancreozymin injection (Boots, 1 U/kg). The determination was also made in duodenal juice obtained during the ordinary pancreozymin-secretin test. Calcium concentration in duodenal juice was significantly raised in patients with chronic pancreatitis (suspected, definite or calcifying), confirming the results of previous investigators. Calcium concentration and calcium per mg of protein in human pure pancreatic juice were significantly raised in patients with chronic pancreatitis (suspected, definite or calcifying). Calcium per mg of protein in normal human pure pancreatic juice was quite similar to that reported in zymogen granules of the guinea-pig pancreas. Calcium output in human pure pancreatic juice was also significantly raised in patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis; it was within normal limits in patients with definite or calcifying chronic pancreatitis due to decreased volume output. Significance of these findings were discussed in relation to pathogenesis and early detection of chronic pancreatitis.
Oviposition activity in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, is under circadian control. Light cycles entrain the rhythm, and the system free-runs in constant darkness (DD) with a circadian period (tau). The lability of tau is evident in the DD free runs following entrainment to various light cycles. Oviposition activity is strongly suppressed in constant light but a circadian rhythm is initiated upon transfer to DD. The phase-response curve (PRC) for 1-h light pulses is type 1, not type 0 as predicted by Beck's dual system theory. The PRC can be used to predict entrained steady states in non-24-h light cycles (T's). Predicted phase relationships between the light component of the cycle and the rhythm in T19 and T26 are in close agreement with the observed peaks of oviposition. Symmetric skeleton photoperiods (two 1-h light pulses per cycle) also entrain the rhythm to the shorter of the two alternatives that are possible in these regimes.
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Effects of a new beta 2-adrenoceptive agonist, BD 40A on gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility were studied in comparison with those of isoproterenol, hexoprenaline and cimetidine. BD 40A (0.3 and 1 microgram/kg i.v.) inhibited dose-dependently gastric acid secretion produced by continuous i.v. infusion of tetragastrin (8 microgram/kg-hr), whereas acid secretion in response to histamine infusion (160 microgram/kg-hr) was resistant to the inhibitory action of BD 40A in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs with gastric pouches. Cimetidine (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) blocked acid secretion induced by either tetragastrin or histamine. When intraduodenally administered to pylorus-ligated rats in a dose of 1 mg/kg, BD 40A and hexoprenaline produced a reduction in acid output. Both drugs (1 microgram/kg i.v.) decreased the amplitude of gastric, duodenal and ileal motility measured by the balloon method in anesthetized dogs. The inhibitory effects of BD 40A on acid secretion induced by tetragastrin and on spontaneous motility of the gastrointestinal tract were antagonized by 1 mg/kg of propranolol. These pharmacological properties of BD 40A were qualitatively similar to those of isoproterenol and may be ascribable to the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors in the gastrointestinal tissue.
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