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Biomedical subjects

M Takase

Publications and source records attributed to M Takase.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Permeability of uveal vessels after experimental filtering surgery in rabbits.

In adult albino rabbits, an opening wound was made in the central area of the cornea in one eye and the anterior chamber was made flat for 48 hours. Fluorescein-labeled dextran with a molecular weight of 70,000 was injected intravenously, and the uveal tissues were examined by fluorescence microscopy. A marked leakage of fluorescein-dextran was seen to occur from the vessels of the iris, ciliary body, anterior choroid and also even in the posterior choroid. The degree of leakage was similar during the period from 30 minutes to 48 hours after the surgery. In the fellow normal eyes, the leakage was minimal. In some eyes, the aqueous humor was aspirated and subsequently the anterior chamber was reformed spontaneously; the leakage of fluorescein-dextran determined 6 hours later was much less than after the filtering surgery. Some eyes were pretreated by topical 0.3% flurbiprofen solution or 0.3% indomethacin oil drop before the filtering surgery was performed. The pretreatment significantly reduced leakage of fluorescein-dextran from the uveal vessels, but the pretreatment with topical 0.1% betamethasone had only a slight effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Population study of poor debrisoquine-type metabolizers of propranolol among Japanese.

Five healthy male volunteers ingested 40 mg of propranolol in the morning and the blood plasma was analyzed at various intervals by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In addition to propranolol, its metabolites 4-OH propranolol, 4-OH propranolol glucuronide and propranolol glucuronide, were found in the plasma. The plasma concentrations of these substances reached maximum levels 2-3 hours after propranolol ingestion. The ratio of propranolol over 4-OH propranolol, (U), and also the ratio of propranolol plus propranolol glucuronide over 4-OH propranolol plus 4-OH propranolol glucuronide (U + G), were calculated. The area under the concentration-time curves (AUC) of these compounds were calculated over 8 hours and the AUC0-8 hr ratios were computed for both (U) and (U + G). The AUC0-8 hr ratio was, in both (U) and (U + G) ratios, linearly correlated with the ratio obtained 2 hours after the propranolol ingestion. Accordingly, the 2-hour values of the (U) or (U + G) ratios were thought to represent the metabolic ratio of the propranolol hydroxylation, and the distribution of these ratios was examined in 162 healthy young male volunteers. Based on the null hypothesis theory, 4 out of the 162 volunteers (2.5%) were judged as poor metabolizers of the debrisoquine-type, ie, hydroxylation of propranolol. The pulse rate, systolic blood pressure and intraocular pressure decreased after propranolol ingestion, the maximum effects being at 2-3 hours after the ingestion. No significant effect was found on the diastolic blood pressure. In the subjects with poor propranolol metabolism, the pharmacological effects of propranolol did not differ significantly from those in other subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of albumin immobilization by plasma polymerization on platelet reactivity.

Albumin was immobilized on polyethylene (PE) film by the plasma polymerization method. Immobilized albumin on formaldehyde polyermized PE film was hard to desorb even when the film was dipped in blood plasma. Amounts of platelet adhesion on the film and serotonin release decreased clearly. Aggregated platelets were observed on PE film but not observed on the albumin immobilized surface. These results seemed to be due to not only immobilized albumin, but also the surface charge determined by plasma protein adsorption. That is, the slightly negatively charged surface indicated good anti-thrombogenicity.

Albumins↗
PubMed1984

Immunocytochemical identification of CRF in the human hypothalamus.

Immunoreactive ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was revealed in the cell bodies of parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the human hypothalamus by an immunocytochemical technique. The immunoreactivity was negative in magnocellular neurons. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the subependymal layers of the third ventricle and in the perivascular space of the primary plexus in the lower hypothalamus. No CRF immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the supraoptic nucleus.

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Topical flurbiprofen and diclofenac suppress blood-aqueous barrier breakdown in cataract surgery: a fluorophotometric study.

A total of 33 eyes which underwent intracapsular extraction of senile cataract were divided into three groups, 1) 13 eyes operated on with routine medication alone, 2) 10 eyes operated on with additional topical flurbiprofen and 3) 10 eyes operated on with additional topical diclofenac. In the latter two groups, in addition to routine medication, an ophthalmic solution of 0.1% flurbiprofen or diclofenac was instilled 3, 2, 1 and 0.5 hours prior to surgery and postoperatively 4 times a day for 6 days. On the 6th postoperative day, fluorophotometric examination with oral fluorescein administration was carried out in all eyes to determine the apparent transfer coefficient of the dye into the anterior chamber (k'in) and out of the anterior chamber (k'out). After oral administration of a 10% fluorescein solution at a dose of 5 mg per kg of body weight, the time-courses of the apparent fluorescein concentrations in the anterior chamber and in the whole plasma were determined for 7-8 hours. The apparent transfer coefficient was calculated from the time-courses by computer fitting of Davson's equation. The value of k'in represents the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier and it averaged 0.039 +/- 0.021 hour-1 (Mean +/- SD) in the routine medication group, 0.014 +/- 0.007 hour-1 in the flurbiprofen group, and 0.017 +/- 0.008 hour-1 in the diclofenac group. The values in the latter two groups were significantly smaller than that in the routine medication group (Mann-Whitney U-test, P less than 0.005). It was concluded that topical flurbiprofen or diclofenac suppressed the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier that had occurred during cataract surgery.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Beta-adrenergic blockers: ocular penetration and binding to the uveal pigment.

The ocular penetration of two beta-adrenergic blockers, befunolol and timolol, was studied using albino and pigmented rabbits. A 1% ophthalmic solution of 14C-befunolol hydrochloride or 14C-timolol maleate was instilled in one eye of nonsedated rabbits, and the concentrations of radioactive material in the ocular tissues were determined at various intervals. In the albino rabbit, the time courses of the concentration changes in the cornea and aqueous humor could be analyzed on the basis of a compartment theory, and the following coefficients were calculated using a computer; i.e., permeability of the corneal epithelium (kep), the distribution volume in the anterior chamber (Va), the cornea-aqueous transfer coefficient in reference to the corneal volume (kc.ca), the aqueous-cornea transfer coefficient in reference to Va (ka.ac), the loss rate from the anterior chamber (ko) and the steady state distribution ratio between the aqueous and cornea (rac). The following values were obtained for befunolol: kep--2.6 x 10(-3) cm hr-1, kc.ca--0.51 hr-1, ka.ac--0.18 hr-1, ko--2.7 hr-1, Va--250 microliters and rac--0.9. Those of timolol were as follows: kep--2.3 x 10(-3) cm hr-1, kc . ca--0.82 hr-1 and ko--2.5 hr-1. The estimates for Va and rac could not be calculated from the data obtained in the timolol experiment. Assuming that Va and rac for befunolol were also applicable for timolol, ka.ac for timolol was calculated to be 0.25 to 0.29 hr-1. The beta-adrenergic blockers tested here penetrated the cornea rather easily and they were lost from the anterior chamber mainly by diffusion, probably into the blood circulation through the anterior uvea. The data obtained in the pigmented rabbit indicated that these beta-adrenergic blockers are bound to the melanin-containing ocular tissues and are released from there very slowly. It is suggested that in heavily pigmented subjects, beta-adrenergic blockers might be less effective after short-term use and, furthermore, intraocular binding may occur after long-term use.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1982

[Antibacterial activities of cefotiam against various causative organisms isolated from clinical materials (author's transl)].

Antibacterial activities of cefotiam (CTM), cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) against various causative organisms isolated from clinical materials were investigated. CTM showed excellent antibacterial activities against Gram negative bacilli. Especially against E. coli and Klebsiella, CTM showed superior antibacterial activities to other antibiotics, CMZ and CEZ. The MICs of CTM against Serratia and Enterobacter dispersed very widely, but showed small values comparing with CMZ and CEZ. The antibacterial activity of CTM against P. mirabilis was slightly superior to that of CMZ, but against P. vulgaris was rather inferior to that of CMZ. However, these 3 antibiotics, CTM, CMZ and CEZ, showed slightly less active against non-glucose-fermentation bacilli.

Bacteria↗