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Biomedical subjects

M Takamoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Takamoto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Tuberculosis sequelae: clinical aspects].

We studied the pulmonary diseases which had developed as consequent deformities after healing of tuberculosis, which we called tuberculosis sequelae. Results are described as follows. 1. The frequency of tuberculosis sequelae was about 6% in the patients with pulmonary diseases admitted to our hospital. 2. 93 cases of them consisted of 4 groups, which were 39 of repeated bacterial infection of lower respiratory tract, 23 of pulmonary aspergilloma, 13 of atypical mycobacteriosis and 28 of chronic respiratory failure. 3. Patients with tuberculosis sequelae were distributed more in the younger age group than others with resembled pulmonary diseases. The men to women ratio was about 2:1. Patients with pulmonary aspergilloma were younger than those with atypical mycobacteriosis. 4. Death rate in tuberculosis sequelae was about 5% per year. 46% of patients with atypical mycobacteriosis and 44% with chronic respiratory failure died within 4 years. 5. In chest X-ray findings, fibrosis and shrinkage of the lung, compensatory pulmonary emphysema, deformity or dilatation of bronchi, bulla formation and residual tuberculous cavities were recognized in 40 to 65% of the cases. Severe pleural thickness or past thoracoplasty were frequently recognized in the patients with chronic respiratory failure. All the patients with pulmonary aspergilloma had one or more residual cavities. 6. The frequency of systemic complications was not more than in the control population matched by age. Comparatively, serum IgG and IgA were elevated and PHA-induced lymphocyte activation was not lowered in the patients with pulmonary aspergilloma and atypical mycobacteriosis. From these results, the main factor in the development of tuberculosis sequelae seemed to be local defects of the chest.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections].

Clinical evaluation, safety and kinetics in serum of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been studied in a multicenter trial participated by 28 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 13 months from March 1987 to March 1988. 1. Mean peak serum levels of SBT and CPZ in 35 patients up to 4 hours after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were 38.2 +/- 17.3 micrograms/ml for SBT and 104.3 +/- 31.4 micrograms/ml for CPZ. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ were 0.76 hour and 1.53 hours, respectively. These results were in similar ranges to those reported elsewhere for SBT/CPZ. 2. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were not significantly prolonged in patients with moderate liver or kidney dysfunctions. 3. Clinical efficacy rates of SBT/CPZ in 217 patients were 93.1% (81/87) for pneumonia, 93.3% (14/15) for lung abscess, 78.9% (15/19) for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 57.1% (4/7) for diffuse panbronchiolitis, 72.4% (21/29), 74.4% (32/43) and 100% (9/9) for infections concurrent to bronchiectasis, chronic respiratory disease and pulmonary emphysema, respectively. Those were 50% (1/2) for bronchitis associated with lung cancer and 66.7% (4/6) for empyema. The overall efficacy rate was 83.4% (181/217). 4. Clinical efficacy rate of SBT/CPZ for pneumonia in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumoconiosis, etc, was 85.3% (29/34) and was not significantly different from the efficacy rate of 98.1% (52/53) in patients without these underlying diseases. 5. Of 30 patients who failed to respond of previous antibiotic treatments, 21 were effectively treated by SBT/CPZ. 6. Bacteriological eradication rates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 42.9% (9/21), 87.5% (14/16) and 100% (5/5), respectively. The overall eradication rate in all cases including polymicrobial infections was 72.8% (67/92). 7. The high levels of peak serum concentration of CPZ, and the difference between serum levels of SBT and of CPZ seemed to contribute to the high clinical efficacy. 8. Adverse reactions occurred in 2.8% (6/217) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash and diarrhea. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in 8 patients during the study. These were elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, and eosinophilia. 9. SBT/CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections as it has become available just in time when increase in resistant organisms to beta-lactams is notable.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Serological diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis--measurement of IgG-, IgM- and IgA- antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus by means of ELISA].

Serological diagnosis plays an important role in the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis, however, precipitation-in-gel test is neither sensitive nor quantitative. Recently, several investigators have used the ELISA technique for the detection of antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus and reported the usefulness of this method. In this report, we measured IgG-, IgM-, and IgA- antibody titers against Aspergillus fumigatus by means of ELISA in sera from patients with several different lung diseases including pulmonary aspergillosis. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Measurement of IgG-antibody titers was most useful for the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis. 2) Measurement of IgG-antibody titers was more sensitive than precipitation-in-gel test. 3) IgG-antibody titer was quantitative and reflected the clinical course of pulmonary aspergillosis.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

[Immunological studies of pulmonary infection with atypical mycobacteria. II. Depression of in vitro PPD-induced lymphocyte proliferation in patients with pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis].

To evaluate cell-mediated immune responses in patients infected with atypical mycobacteria (AM), mononuclear cells from patients were examined in vitro for purified protein derivatives (PPD) induced lymphocyte proliferation using combination of monoclonal antibodies and flowcytometry. Those from normal tuberculin-positive controls and chronic excreters with tuberculosis (chronics) were also examined. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In normal controls, PPD-S induced a significant proliferation of activated T cell subsets (Leu 4+ DR+, IL 2-R+ Leu 3+ and IL 2-R+ Leu 2+). A significant increase in pan T cells (Leu 4+), helper T cells (Leu 3+ 8-), suppressor T cells (Leu 2+ 15+) and B cells (Leu 4- DR+) was also observed. 2) In chronics, the pattern and degree of lymphocyte proliferation by PPD-S were similar to that observed in normal controls. 3) In AM, we found a significant proliferation of activated T cells (Leu 4+ DR+, IL 2-R+ Leu 3+, IL 2-R+ Leu 2+) and B cells (Leu 4- DR+) by PPD-S. However, the degree of lymphocyte proliferation in AM was clearly depressed as compared to normal controls and chronics. 4) In chronics, lymphocyte proliferation by PPD-S was significantly higher than that by PPD-B. In contrast, lymphocyte response by PPD-S was almost same as that by PPD-B in AM.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Screening of drugs and chemicals by wide-bore capillary gas chromatography. II. Detection of drugs and chemicals in the blood].

This paper describes the detection limit for 23 drugs and chemicals in the blood by means of a screening method that uses a gas chromatographic system equipped with a wide-bore capillary column and a nitrogen phosphorus detector. The detection limit by this method was determined as being 1 mm of peak height at the detector's range of 100 and 8 of attenuation. Using this scale, the absolute detection limit was in the range of 1 pg for malathion and sumithion to 1 ng for meprobamate. The detection limit of drugs and chemicals in the blood was 5 ng/ml for sumithion to 8 micrograms/ml for meprobamate. Therefore, this screening method is able to detect the presence of drugs even a therapeutic-level dosages, with the exception of compounds such as haloperidol, which have extremely low therapeutic dosage levels.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Structures of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of human placental fibronectin.

The asparagine-linked sugar chains of fibronectin purified from human placenta were quantitatively released as oligosaccharides by hydrazinolysis. After N-acetylation, they were converted to radioactive oligosaccharides by NaB3H4 reduction. The radioactive oligosaccharides were fractionated by their charge on an anion-exchange column chromatography. All of the acidic oligosaccharides could be converted to neutral oligosaccharides by sialidase digestion. These oligosaccharides were then fractionated by serial affinity chromatography using immobilized lectin columns. Study of each oligosaccharide by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and methylation analysis revealed the following information as to the structures of the sugar chains of human placental fibronectin: 1) nine sugar chains are included in one molecule; 2) all sialic acid residues are exclusively linked at the C-3 position of the galactose residues; 3) bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary complex-type oligosaccharides with the Man alpha 1----6(Man alpha 1----3)Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4 (+/- Fuc alpha 1----6)-GlcNac as their cores were found; 4) the bisecting N-acetylglucosamine residue and the Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----repeating groups are included in some of the sugar chains.

Asparagine↗
PubMed1989

Detection of bisected biantennary form in the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of fibronectin isolated from human term amniotic fluid.

Fibronectin purified from human term amniotic fluid contains 10 asparagine-linked sugar chains in one molecule. The sugar chains were quantitatively liberated as radioactive oligosaccharides from the polypeptide moiety by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction and fractionated by anion-exchange column chromatography and serial lectin affinity chromatography. The structures of these sugar chains were determined by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis. The results indicated that they are a mixture of bisected and non-bisected bi- and triantennary complex-type sugar chains with and without a fucose on the proximal N-acetylglucosamine residue and with Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----, GlcNAc beta 1----, Neu5Ac alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----, and Neu5Ac alpha 2----6Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1---- groups in their outer chain moieties.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1989

[Flowcytometric analysis of lymphocytes proliferated in vitro by PPD].

The present study was undertaken to do phenotype determination of in vitro proliferating lymphocytes by PPD stimulation using combination of monoclonal antibodies and flow-cytometry. The results obtained were as follows: 1) PPD induced a significant proliferation of activated T cell subsets (Leu4+DR+ cells, IL2-R+Leu3+ cells). 2) PPD also induced a significant increase in Pan T cells (Leu4+) and helper T cells (Leu3+8-). Taken together, these results indicated that PPD induced proliferating lymphocytes belong predominantly to helper T cell subset. 3) The numbers of inducer T cells (Leu3+8+), suppressor T cells (Leu2+15+) and cytotoxic T cells (Leu2+15-) were not influenced by PPD-stimulation. 4) However, PPD induced a smaller, but significant proliferation of IL2-R+Leu2+ cells. 5) The number of B cells (Leu4-DR+) tended to increase slightly after PPD-stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Differential diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema using the CT index: LL%w].

We measured the computed tomography (CT) index, LL%w, in 81 patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. In this study we defined LL%w as the mean value of the proportion of the low density area under -950 Hounsfield units in the six lung fields: upper, middle and lower lung fields bilaterally, at deep expiration. In order to examine the usefulness of LL%w in differentiating pulmonary emphysema (PE) from bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic bronchitis (CB), we excluded the overlapped cases of each diseases. Mean value (+/- standard deviation) of LL%w in PE was 24.6 +/- 20.2% (n = 40), whereas it was 0.5 +/- 0.8% (n = 27) in BA and 0.2 +/- 0.3% (n = 14) in CB respectively. There were clear statistically differences in the values of LL%w between clinically diagnosed emphysema and others. In this quantitative study we considered that the value of LL%w within 1% would be observed nonspecifically, because the frequent existence of low density areas originated in bronchial tangents and/or motion artifacts mainly in the left lower lung field. Thus we judged that cases with over 1% of LL%w had abnormal CT findings. The relationship between clinically diagnosed emphysema and CT abnormality (LL%w greater than 1%) was significant in the analysis of the four-fold table; The CT sensitivity for diagnosing PE was 100%, the CT specificity was 87.8%, and CT accuracy was 93.8%. When cases of LL%w greater than 1% were shown in BA or CB, it would be better to consider the existence of complicated emphysema or the presence of air trapping or air spaces of any origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Screening of drugs and chemicals by wide-bore capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization and nitrogen phosphorus detectors].

A method is presented for forensic toxicological screening of drugs and chemicals in blood and urine by wide-bore capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detectors (FID) and nitrogen phosphorus detectors (NPD). The presence of drugs and chemicals in blood and urine specimens was confirmed by comparing these gas chromatograms with those of typical drug-free specimens. Peak components of drug-free specimens were piperidone, p-cresol, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, n-butylphthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, squalene, cholesterol and two alcohols (unidentified) on FID chromatograms and were piperidone, indole, nicotine, cotinine, hydroxycotinine, caffeine and several unknown urine constituents on NPD chromatograms. In practical cases, the presence of drugs and chemicals in postmortem specimens was easily ascertained by the present method.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinico-immunological studies of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly].

We studied tuberculin reactivity and clinical course after starting chemotherapy in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis divided by four age-groups less than 29, 30-49, 50-69 and 70 years and more. The skin test to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) was examined in 178 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, 120 cases of lung cancer, 25 cases of atypical mycobacteriosis and 466 cases of the other respiratory diseases. The average size of tuberculin reaction in pulmonary tuberculosis decreased with age, but significantly higher than that in patients with other nontuberculous pulmonary diseases of the same age-group. The size of PPD skin test in the group of 70 years and more was significantly lower than other age-groups in pulmonary tuberculosis. We compared the time required for negative conversion of sputum by culture after primary chemotherapy among the different age-groups in pulmonary tuberculosis. It revealed that the time for negative conversion tended to be longer with age, and the time in the group 70 years and more was significantly longer than that of the group less than 29 years of age, although no significant differences in the radiographic severity and conditions of chemotherapy were observed. Finally, the PPD-induced lymphocyte proliferation test in vitro was done in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patients were divided into two groups by the size of PPD skin test (high responder more than 16 mm and low responder less than 15 mm of erythema induced by PPD).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical evaluation of sultamicillin fine granules in lower respiratory tract infection].

Sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules were given to 15 patients with respiratory tract infections at a dose of 375 mg 3 times a day. The results were excellent in 4 patients, good in 8, fair in 1 and poor in 2 with an efficacy rate of 80% which is comparable to that of SBTPC tablet (Unasyn tablet). One patient complained of difficulty in swallowing the drug probably due to its fine granular nature. No side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values due to this drug were observed in any of the patients enrolled in this study. From the above results, SBTPC fine granules seem to be useful in the treatment of pediatric and elderly patients who sometimes have difficulties in taking tablets.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Relation between prognosis and the Su-PS skin reaction in patients with non-resected primary lung cancer receiving OK-432].

Chemotherapy and administration of OK-432 were performed concomitantly in 49 cases of inoperable primary lung cancer, and the Su-PS skin reaction was measured. In the group of patients under 60 years of age, the maximum diameter of the reaction after chemotherapy tended to be large, and evaluation of the results showed that the maximum diameter tended to be large in the group showing tumor contraction effects. In a comparison of the prognosis between the group which survived for less than 6 months and that which survived for 6 months or longer, there was no significant difference between them before administration of OK-432, but when the maximum reaction diameter after chemotherapy was compared, that in the group which survived for 6 months or longer was significantly stronger (p less than 0.05). The Su-PS skin reaction at the time of administration of OK-432 is therefore considered to be a useful immunological parameter for predicting the results of treatment and also for prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗