Biomedical subjects

M Takamoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Takamoto.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Mechanisms of eosinophilia in BALB/c-nu/+ and congenitally athymic BALB/c-nu/nu mice infected with Toxocara canis.

We studied the mechanism of eosinophilia in BALB/c-nu/+ (nu/+) and BALB/c-nu/nu (nu/nu) mice infected with Toxocara canis. Eosinophilia with two peaks on days 11 and 21 of infection was observed in infected nu/+ mice, and with a peak on day 11 in nu/nu mice. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA was expressed on day 5 of infection in the lung and spleen of nu/+ mice and in the lung of nu/nu mice, but not in the spleen of nu/nu mice. Large numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes infiltrated the lung of both mice 1 week after infection. The number of larvae in the lung was the largest on day 5. Anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment completely inhibited eosinophilia of both mice, with no change of larval distribution. Administration of anti-CD4 or anti-CD3 mAb markedly reduced the second peak of eosinophilia on day 21 of infection in nu/+ mice, and slightly reduced the first peak of eosinophilia on day 11 in both mice. Anti-CD8 mAb had no effect on the eosinophilia. These results suggest that eosinophilia in both mice is caused by IL-5, and that IL-5 is produced by cells other than CD4+ T cells, in addition to CD4+ T cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Demonstration of oxidation dyes on human hair.

This paper describes a method of selected ion monitoring (SIM) analysis which can demonstrate the staining of human hair with oxidation hair dyes. Hair samples were decomposed with NaOH-Na2S2O4 solution by heating (100 degrees C, 30 min) in a stream of nitrogen. Basic and neutral ether extracts from the reaction mixture were trifluoroacetylated with trifluoroacetic anhydride in ethyl acetate and were then analyzed by SIM. The minimum lengths of a single hair for the detection of the 5 components of oxidation hair dyes acting as indicators were 1 mm for toluene-2,5-diamine, 2 mm for p-phenylenediamine, 20 mm for p-aminophenol, 50 mm for m-aminophenol and 100 mm for o-aminophenol. This method was applied to practical cases and the results were good.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Simultaneous determination of human neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046) and its metabolite in plasma and urine by direct injection column-switching HPLC.

The direct injection method for the simultaneous determination of a human neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046) and its metabolite (ONO-EI-601) in plasma and urine has been developed using a column-switching HPLC system. The system was set up with a pre-treatment column, a pre-concentration column and an analytical column which were connected in series via two automatic switching valves. The calibration lines showed a good linearity for concentrations of ONO-5046 and ONO-EI-601 in a range of 156-20000 ng ml-1 in plasma and 1.56-100 micrograms ml-1 in urine, all correlation coefficients being greater than 0.9999. The limit of quantitation of ONO-5046 was 156 ng ml-1 in plasma, that of ONO-EI-601 was 313 ng ml-1 in plasma, and those of ONO-5046 and ONO-EI-601 were 1.56 micrograms ml-1 in urine. The developed method is rapid and sensitive with automated operation, allowing untreated samples to be analysed every 45 min. The application of the present method to the real plasma and urine samples proved to be useful for pharmacokinetic, toxicological and clinical studies.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1994

[A study on drug resistance of newly admitted pulmonary tuberculosis patients with special reference to the resistance to SM, INH, EB and RFP].

Previously untreated 347 tuberculosis patients newly admitted to our hospital from 1980 to 1991 with positive bacilli and the full record of the drug sensitivity tests were analysed in this study. Among them, 49 cases showed primary resistance to either of major 4 anti-tuberculosis drugs (SM, INH, EB, RFP). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The number of patients with positive bacilli increased with age. The rate of primary drug resistance in patients of age group below 49 were significantly higher than that of age group over 50. 2. The rate of resistance was 8.6% to SM, 4.0% to INH, 1.4% to RFP and 0.6% to EB. These results are consistent with the results of studies of the Tuberculosis Research Committee, Ryoken. EB was frequently substituted to resistant drugs. 3. There was no significant difference between a group with primary resistance and a sensitive group in the various risk and intractable factors, laboratory data as a indicator of risk factors, and in the results of tuberculin skin test. There was also no significant difference in the rate of culture negative conversion of tubercle bacilli and the improvement in radiological findings. 4. We could rarely find the source of infection in 49 cases with primary resistance. In only 5 cases, family contacts were suspected and in another 1 case, the contact in a work place was suspected.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[An investigation on risk factors relating to the treatment difficulty in originally treated pulmonary tuberculosis cases].

In order to investigate whether so-called risk factors relating to treatment difficulty are true risk or not, treatment results of 520 in-patients originally treated for pulmonary tuberculosis during 12 years' period from 1980 to 1991 in our hospital were analyzed. The proportion of cases with so-called risk factors among total 520 cases was as follows: Aged patients (70 years of age and over) 31.5%. Cases discharging abundant bacilli in sputum (Gaffky scale VII or above or culture, +3 positive) 29.4%. Adverse reactions to drugs 18.1%. Far advanced cavitary lesions (GAKKAI Classification I or II3) 15.6%. Relative risk of various risk factors in cases of group A (died of tuberculosis), group B (showed delay in the negative conversion of bacilli; namely, cases converted to negative only 4th month of treatment or later) and group C (cases of groups A and B) were calculated comparing with cases of the control group (pretreatment negative bacilli cases or cases converted to negative within 3 months). In cases of group A died of tuberculosis, the results were as follows; pretreatment abundant bacilli discharge 3.1, far advanced cavitary lesions 4.6, emaciation and/or malnutrition 5.1. Other risk factors identified were the following; unhealthy life style 4.0, severe gastrointestinal tract disease 3.9, impaired pulmonary function 3.3, complicated infections 3.2, cerebrovascular injuries including psychosis and nervous system diseases 2.3, diabetes mellitus 2.0, and the adverse reactions to drugs 1.9. In cases of group B showing delay in the negative conversion of bacilli, significant risk factors were pretreatment abundant bacilli discharge, far advanced cavitary lesions, emaciation and/or malnutrition and diabetes mellitus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Imipenem/cilastatin sodium alone or combined with amikacin sulfate in respiratory infections].

In the present study, we used the envelope method to divide patients with respiratory infections into two groups: a monotherapy group given imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and a combination therapy group given imipenem/cilastatin sodium plus amikacin sulfate (AMK). We then compared the clinical efficacy and safety between groups. 1. Safety was evaluated in 83 patients in the IPM/CS group and 88 in the IPM/CS + AMK group while clinical efficacy was evaluated in 77 and 80 patients in the respective groups. 2. The overall efficacy rate was 84.4% in the IPM/CS group. Among the main infections, the efficacy rates were 82.7% in 52 cases of pneumonia (including lung abscess), 100% in cases of infected bronchiectasis, 66.7% in six cases of secondary infection of chronic respiratory disease, and 100% in four cases of chronic bronchitis. The overall efficacy rate was 83.8% in the IPM/CS + AMK group. Among the main infections, the efficacy rates were 88.1% in 59 cases of pneumonia (including lung abscess), 83.3% in 12 cases of infected bronchiectasis, and 60.0% in five cases of secondary infection of chronic respiratory disease. No significant differences in efficacies were seen between groups. 3. In the IPM/CS group, the efficacy rates were 92.3% for patients without prior antibiotic therapy in the IPM/CS group and 68.0% for those with prior therapy; in the IPM/CS + AMK group, the respective rates were 83.7% and 83.9%. In the IPM/CS group, there was a significant difference in the responses of patients with and without prior antibiotic therapy (P < 0.05). 4. Side effects were observed in six patients in the IPM/CS group (7.2%) and two patients in the IPM/CS + AMK group (2.3%). Abnormal laboratory test results were noted in 5 patients in the IPM/CS group (6.0%) and in 10 in the IPM/CS + f1p4group (11.4%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between groups and no severe adverse reactions in either group. These results indicate that IPM/CS alone produces of good response in moderate to severe respiratory infections while IPM/CS combined with AMK is useful in intractable respiratory infections.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[A clinical study on fluconazole against pulmonary mycosis associated with respiratory diseases].

In 34 hospitals in Kyushu area, the clinical effects and safety of fluconazole (FLCZ) against pulmonary mycosis were studied. To a total of 108 patients with respiratory diseases was FLCZ administered. The results were as follows. 1. Sixty-six cases were evaluable for the clinical efficacy of FLCZ. In 8 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis, the clinical efficacy rate was 100% (8/8). In 58 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis, it was 43.1% (25/38). Overall, the clinical efficacy rate was 50% (33/66). 2. Fungi were eliminated in 3 of 6 cases in which Cryptococcus was detected, and were eliminated in 8 and reduced in 4 of 30 cases in which Aspergillus spp. including A. fumigatus were detected. 3. Side effects were observed in 5 of 87 cases (5.7%), none of them was serious, however. Abnormal results of laboratory tests that might be related to the FLCZ administration were observed in 5 cases (5.7%). 4. From these results, fluconazole appears to be a potent antifungal agent for treatment of pulmonary mycosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[A case of hypogamma-globulinemia with thymoma (Good's syndrome) follow-up for 8 years].

A 58-year-old woman, who had a past history of left upper lobectomy with thoracoplasty for pulmonary tuberculosis and resection of thyroid cancer, was diagnosed as having a mediastinal tumor by chest X-ray examination. It was found to be a malignant thymoma (spindle cell type) after resection. The level of serum gammaglobulin, which had been low before resection, progressively decreased. Afterward, she frequently suffered from airway infections which resulted in severe bronchiecatsis. She died due to respiratory failure 8 years later. In the early stage, though the percentage of pan T cells in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets was normal, CD4 T cells decreased and CD8 T cells increased. A decrease in helper T cells and an increase in cytotoxic T cells were especially marked. In the late stage, all T cells subsets decreased. In particular, naive T (CD45RA* CD3+ T) cells decreased markedly. However, the percentage of B cells remained normal and that of NK cells was elevated. From the findings of lymphocyte subsets and lymphocyte reactivity to PHA stimulation, it is suggested that T cell dysfunction caused hypogrammaglobulinemia in this case.

Agammaglobulinemia↗

PubMed1993

Mechanisms of eosinophilia in Toxocara canis infected mice: in vitro production of interleukin 5 by lung cells of both normal and congenitally athymic nude mice.

Mechanisms of eosinophilia were compared between in vitro bone marrow cell cultures of congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice and their heterozygous littermates (nu/+). Cultures of 5 x 10(4) bone marrow cells using interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor showed that nu/nu and nu/+ mice mimicked each other in eosinophil production both before and after infection with Toxocara canis. Eosinophil differentiating activity (EDA) was detected in media conditioned by spleen cells and lungs of T. canis infected nu/+ mice, although nu/nu mice showed EDA only in lung-conditioned medium. EDA, detected both in infected nu/nu and nu/+ mice, was inhibited by an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody. These results indicate that IL-5 may be produced by lung cells of both nu/nu and nu/+ mice as well as by spleen cells of nu/+ mice infected with T. canis, which is the reason why nu/nu mice infected with T. canis exhibit blood eosinophilia.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Estimations of organ dose and health risk of the mass chest X-ray examinations in children].

In Japan, mass chest X-ray examinations are mandated by law for schoolchildren and students. Recently, questions of the justification of such X-ray examination have arisen. In this study the absorbed doses of each organ, and the health detriments from the mass chest X-ray examinations to schoolchildren and students were estimated. The doses of organs were measured by the TLDs (Mg2SiO4), slab phantom, and anthropomorphic phantom. The probability of fatal cancer, and the resultant reduction in life expectancy induced by mass chest X-ray examinations were calculated by the multiplicative risk projection model of the ICRP-1990. The absorbed doses of lung, thyroid glands, esophagus, stomach, breast, and red bone marrow in first-year elementary schoolchildren were 90, 30, 90, 60, 90, and 30 muGy, respectively, and the doses in ovaries and testes were almost nil. Each organ dose of first-year students of junior high school was about 1.5 times that for elementary schoolchildren. The total radiation-induced lifetime cancer risk of schoolchildren and students was from 0.3 x 10(-5) to 0.9 x 10(-5) per person by the multiplicative risk projection model of the ICRP-1990 and a factor of 2 for the DDREF (dose and dose rate effectiveness factor). The reduction in life expectancy by radiation induced fatal cancer was from 15 x 10(-5) years to 50 x 10(-5) years per person. The results of this study suggest that subjects of mass chest X-ray examinations should be carefully selected from the viewpoint of radiation protection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Prophylaxis of thrombosis in a pregnant woman with congenital antithrombin III deficiency: changes in hemostatic molecular markers before the onset of thrombosis].

A pregnant woman with congenital antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency was given AT III concentrate and warfarin at the first and after 36th week of gestation periods and at the other gestation period, respectively. The patient developed thrombosis in the left leg, but fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and thrombin-AT III complex (TAT) had already shown high values one week before, suggesting the possibility of their being forecast markers of thrombosis. The administration of AT III concentrate caused an improvement in thrombosis. Therefore, in case of high FPA and TAT values as determined one or two times a week, the administration of AT III concentrate was thought necessary. In case of warfarin, however, non-administration during the 6th-9th weeks of gestation for the purpose of avoiding teratogenicity and frequent blood coagulation tests taking heed of overdosage for the purpose of avoiding fetal central nervous system abnormalities were suggested necessary. Delivery was uneventful, both mother and child being doing very well; umbilical blood AT III activity was 18%. It is generally difficult for us to form the diagnosis as AT III deficiency only from AT III activity at neonatal stage, but in the present study, we analyzed the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the AT III gene using umbilical blood, and succeeded in diagnosing the neonatal child as AT III deficiency.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Clinico-immunological study of the patients infected with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)].

Lymphocyte functions of the peripheral blood in the patients infected with MAC (MAC-pts) were evaluated comparatively with age-matched normal controls by using flow cytometry. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In normal controls, the number of total lymphocytes and the proportion and number of T lymphocyte subsets significantly decreased with age. The proportion of natural killer lymphocytes significantly increased in elder controls. 2) In MAC-pts, the number of total lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets were significantly lower and the proportion of natural killer lymphocytes were higher respectively than normal controls. 3) The lymphocyte proliferation induced by PPD-S stimulation in vitro in MAC-pts was significantly lower than the normal controls in both age groups of 50-69 and 70-89 years old. 4) The lymphocyte proliferation induced by PPD-S stimulation in MAC-pts was increased slightly by adding recombinant IL-2 and significantly higher by depletion of monocytes. By combination of both treatments, it recovered to the level of normal controls. From these results, we suggested that the decline of lymphocyte proliferation induced by PPD-S stimulation in MAC-pts was due to the decrease of IL-2 production by antigen committed lymphocytes and suppression by monocytes. 5) Lymphocyte proliferation induced by PHA stimulation in vitro was also significantly depressed in MAC-pts as compared with normal controls.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Identification of human hair stained with oxidation hair dyes by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis.

This paper describes the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GCMS) analysis of oxidation hair dyes from human hair. Diamines from the dyes were directly extracted from the hair in basic solution and aminophenols were extracted after neutralization. Both extracts were derivatised with trifluoroacetic anhydride and analysed by GCMS. Five components of oxidation hair dyes namely, p-phenylenediamine, toluene-2,5-diamine, o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol and p-aminophenol were clearly identified, whilst no other compounds originating from the hair dyes were detected. The presence and relative amounts of these dye components from hair extracts may assist in the discrimination of human hair especially in cases involving forensic science.

Aminophenols↗

PubMed1991

Effective prophylaxis of thrombosis by antithrombin III concentrate in a pregnant woman with congenital antithrombin III deficiency: relations between plasma antithrombin III activity and the plasma levels of hemostatic molecular markers.

The value of antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate and a standard criterion for its use were examined in a pregnant woman with congenital AT III deficiency by continuous monitoring of plasma AT III activity and the plasma levels of hemostatic molecular markers. The rates of improvement of various markers after AT III administration (frequency of improvement/frequency of administration) were as follows: fibrinopeptide A (FPA) 82%, D-dimer 70%, fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42 73%, beta-thromboglobulin 60%, and platelet factor 4 50%. There was no significant correlation between the plasma AT III activity and all plasma FPA values, but FPA values of over 3.9 ng/ml showed a significant negative correlation with AT III activity: AT III activity (%) = -6.59 x FPA (ng/ml) + 125, r = -0.851, p less than 0.02. We therefore recommend continuous monitoring of the plasma FPA level and administration of AT III concentrate when the FPA level is elevated. According to the regression line shown above, plasma AT III activity should be raised to 100% to keep the FPA level below 6.0 ng/ml with 95% confidence limit.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical studies on ciprofloxacin in chronic respiratory tract infection].

Ciprofloxacin (CPFX), a new pyridone carboxylic acid, was administered orally to the patients with chronic respiratory tract infection and its clinical efficacy and safety were studied in a multicenter open trial. The results and summarized as follows. 1. The efficacy rate for the patients with acute exacerbation as 52.5% (21/40) in 2 week-treatment, and 75.0% (24/32) in 4 week-treatment. 2. The efficacy rate for the patients with chronic phase was 23.1% (6/26) in 2 week-treatment, and 26.9% (7/26) in 4 week-treatment, but acute exacerbation was not observed in any of the patients. 3. CPFX was administered to 6 patients over 60 days for the prophylaxis of acute exacerbation. Only 2 patients had acute exacerbation in 2 and 3 months after the start of the therapy, respectively. 4. Bacteriological eradication rate was high except P. aeruginosa, for which the eradication rate was about 20%. 5. Side effects were observed in 3 patients, and abnormal findings of laboratory tests were observed in 5 patients, though they were not severe. These results show that CPFX is a useful antimicrobial agent for the treatment of chronic respiratory tract infections.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical evaluation of sultamicillin in lower respiratory tract infections].

Clinical efficacy and safety of sultamicillin (SBTPC) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections, mainly pneumonia and bronchitis, have been evaluated in a multicenter trial by 19 institutions in the Kyushu area during a period of 12 months from December 1988 to November 1989. 1. Clinical evaluation was made in 132 patients and efficacy rates of SBTPC were 80.0% (28/35) for pneumonia, 78.5% (73/93) for bronchitis and 100% for the remaining 1 patient with other respiratory tract infections. The overall efficacy rate was 79.1% (102/129). 2. Clinical efficacy rate of SBTPC for respiratory tract infections in patients with underlying diseases such as chronic bronchitis, old pulmonary tuberculosis etc., was 75.0% (60/80) which was not significantly different from the efficacy rate of 85.7% (42/49) in patients without underlying diseases. 3. Of 13 patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic treatments, 8 (61.5%) were effectively treated with SBTPC. 4. Clinical efficacy rates against infections caused by single species of organisms were 90.9% (10/11) for Haemophilus influenzae, 100% (8/8) for Streptococcus viridans and 100% (3/3) for Staphylococcus aureus. The overall clinical efficacy rate in all cases of monomicrobial infections was 88.6% (31/35), in polymicrobial infection 45.5% (5/11) and the overall efficacy rate in cases in which causative bacteria were identified was 78.3% (35/46). 5. Adverse reactions occurred in 6.8% (9/132) of the patients. The symptoms included allergic reaction in 1 patient, gastrointestinal system disorders in 7 patients and general fatigability in 1 patient. As abnormalities in laboratory test values, elevations of A1-P, GOT, and GPT were observed in 3 patients during the study, but returned to normal after discontinuation of SBTPC administration. 6. SBTPC is a useful antibiotic in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections under the current medical environment where resistant organisms which produce beta-lactamases have been increasing.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

A simple, rapid and simultaneous analysis of complex volatile hydrocarbon mixtures in blood using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with a wide-bore capillary column.

A screening method for detecting volatile hydrocarbons in blood has been developed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with a wide-bore capillary column and a headspace method. Toluene-d8 and indan were used as the internal standards for quantitative analysis. Hydrocarbons with retention indices from 600 to 1200 were simultaneously and quantitatively detected in relatively low concentrations (0.01 microgram/ml) in reconstructed ion chromatography. This method could prove useful in forensic cases in which urgent examination of complex hydrocarbon mixtures, e.g. petroleum components, is required.

Cause of Death↗

PubMed1990

An experimental model of death from anaphylactic shock with compound 48/80 and postmortem changes in levels of histamine in blood.

The present study was made on an experimental animal model of a death from anaphylaxis, in which postmortem changes in levels of histamine and 1-methylhistamine, in whole blood were measured. Instead of the usual immunological method administering compound 48/80, a degranulating agent of mast cell and the effect closely resembling the immuno-reaction, resulted in reliable death in a short time. The animals that died rapidly after the injection of compound 48/80, were found to have large increases in levels of histamine and 1-methylhistamine soon after the administration. These results were similar to the results of injecting histamine exogenously. On the other hand, the animals that died after a longer time showed no increases in levels of those amines within about 24 h, but 24 hours after death histamine levels were only increased tremendously without rise in 1-MHA levels. These phenomena closely resembled those in the control animals that were treated with overdoses of Nembutal.

Adult↗