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Biomedical subjects

M Swartz

Publications and source records attributed to M Swartz.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Acute leukemic infiltration of the vitreous diagnosed by pars plana aspiration.

A 30-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, null cell, L2 type developed a unilateral dense cellular vitreous infiltrate while in apparent remission. Cytopathologic examination of material aspirated from the vitreous established the diagnosis of lymphoblastic infiltration. Prompt radiotherapy and chemotherapy rapidly reduced the vitreous infiltration and cleared cells from the cerebrospiral fluid. Intraocular involvement by the leukemic process was the initial sign of central nervous system involvement. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia should be added to the list of lymphoproliferative disorders capable of vitreous infiltration, and which can be identified by vitreous aspiration and cytopathologic examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Mechanisms of photodynamic inactivation of herpes simplex viruses: comparison between methylene blue, light plus electricity, and hematoporhyrin plus light.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 have been inactivated in vitro using low concentrations of methylene blue (MB), light (lambda) plus electricity (E), or hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) plus lambda. Both techniques introduce single strand interruptions into viral DNA, but do not make double strand ruptions into viral DNA, but do not make double strand breaks. MB, lambda plus E-treated virions adsorb normally to and penetrate susceptible cells, whereas HSV inactivated with HPC and light does not. This difference is emphasized by the induction of new viral and cell DNA synthesis after infection with MB, lambda plus E-treated virions, whereas only cell, DNA but no HSV DNA, is made subsequent to HPD and lambda exposure. These observations reflect disparate mechanisms of viral inactivation. A block(s) in viral maturation, subsequent to viral DNA synthesis, occurs as a result of treatment with MB, lambda and E, whereas HPD plus lambda-treated particles fail to enter a susceptible cell, and therefore do not initiate an infection.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1976

Familial risk and cancer control.

An intensive study of the family history of cancer in 4,515 patients screened consecutively by a multiphasic mobile cancer detection unit showed, after age correction, that cancer had developed in 8.9% of the probands when there was one cancer in a single first-degree relative, 16.2% had cancer with two family members affected, and 27.4% had cancer when three or more family members had been affected. This constituted a significant correlation between family and personal histories of cancer in these patients. Extrapolation to the United States population with cancer-control implications are given.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Surgical repair of a traumatized shrunken eye.

A 50-year-old Japanese man underwent removal of a traumatic cataract with an intralenticular foreign body. Surgery was complicated by an unplanned extracapsular delivery of the lens and vitreous loss. Two years later, with a visual acuity of hand motions and signs of phthisis bulbi, he had a vitrectomy that cleared the media to reveal a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The detachment was treated by cryopexy, scleral buckling, and intraocular gas injection. One year after this combined procedure, his best corrected visual acuity was 20/400 with clear media and attached retina.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1975

Management of dense secondary membranes with vitrophage.

Seven patients underwent a pars plana approach membranectomy and vitrectomy with the vitrophage for the removal of dense secondary membranes after planned or unplanned extracapsular lens extractions. In all cases the membranes and synechias were removed with restoration of clarity to the ocular media. In three cases the final vision was limited by unrelated ocular anomalies. There were no postoperative corneal or retinal complications. The advantages to the pars plana approach are the small incision, the prevention of vitreocorneal adhesion, and the ease with which the surgery is performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Comma-shaped venular segments of conjunctiva in chronic granulocytic leukemia.

Isolated comma or corkscrew-shaped venular segments in the conjunctiva have been felt to be diagnostic of sickle cell disease. External eye examination of a 34-year-old black man with a two-year history of chronic granulocytic leukemia revealed multiple small and medium-sized isolated conjunctival venular segments. Laboratory findings at the time of examination included a white blood cell count of 132,000/mm3 with 87% eosinophils, a hematocrit reading of 30%, and hemoglobin AA. Since whole blood hyperviscosity can be present in chronic granulocytic leukemia as well as sickle cell disease, this may account for the similarly of the conjunctival changes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce.

BACKGROUND: An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in Connecticut and Illinois during May 28 to June 27, 1996, was investigated to determine the source of infections. METHODS: Independent case-control studies were performed in both states. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on E. coli O157:H7 isolates. A case-patient was defined as a Connecticut or northern Illinois resident with diarrhea whose stool culture yielded E. coli O157:H7 of the outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. Controls were town-, age-, and sex-matched to case-patients. We traced implicated lettuce to the farm level and performed environmental investigations to identify unsafe lettuce production practices. RESULTS: In Connecticut and Illinois, infection was associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce (Connecticut matched odds ratio [MOR], undefined; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to infinity; and Illinois MOR, undefined; 95% CI, 1.4 to infinity). We traced implicated lettuce to a single grower-processor. Cattle, a known E. coli O157:H7 reservoir, were found near the lettuce fields. Escherichia coli (an indicator of fecal contamination) was cultured from wash water and finished lettuce. A trace-forward investigation identified 3 additional states that received implicated lettuce; E. coli O157:H7 isolates from patients in 1 of these states matched the outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. CONCLUSIONS: This multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections was associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce from a single producer. Molecular subtyping facilitated the epidemiological investigation. This investigation increased the knowledge about current production practices that may contribute to the contamination of lettuce by microbial pathogens. Lettuce production practices should be monitored for microbiological safety.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence.

Basic epidemiologic prevalence data are presented on sex differences in DSM-III-R major depressive episodes (MDE). The data come from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), the first survey in the U.S. to administer a structured psychiatric interview to a nationally representative sample of the general population. Consistent with previous research, women are approximately 1.7 times as likely as men to report a lifetime history of MDE. Age of onset analysis shows that this sex difference begins in early adolescence and persists through the mid-50s. Women also have a much higher rate of 12-month depression than men. However, women with a history of depression do not differ from men with a history of depression in either the probability of being chronically depressed in the past year or in the probability of having an acute recurrence in the past year. This means that the higher prevalence of 12-month depression among women than men is largely due to women having a higher risk of first onset. The implications of these results for future research are discussed in a closing section of the paper.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: A cause of cataracts and tendon xanthoma.

Patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis may present with adolescent-onset cataracts and tendon xanthomas, and can have progressive neurological, myocardial, pulmonary, and endocrine dysfunction leading to death. The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive and results in increasing deposition of cholesterol and cholestanol in vital organ systems; the primary biochemical abnormality is a block in bile acid synthesis which is manifested by a diminished pool of chenodeoxycholic acid. Replacement therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid may reduce cholesterol and cholestanol production.

Achilles Tendon↗