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Biomedical subjects

M Sulkowska

Publications and source records attributed to M Sulkowska.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Comparison of morphological and biochemical changes of BAL-isolated cells in experimental lung emphysema.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the protease and antiprotease activity in the fluid obtained from the culture of cells isolated from the lungs of animals with experimental emphysema. An attempt was made to correlate the results of biochemical examinations with adherence degree and ultrastructural changes of the surface of BAL-isolated cells. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats, of 180-220 g b.w. Two i.p. injections of BCG-vaccine (4 x 10(8) microorganisms) on the 1st and 14th day were applied as macrophage mobilizing and activating agent. Papain (2 mg/l ml/100 g b.w.) was given once i.t. on the 21st day. The animals were sacrificed on the 28th day of the experiment. We found a correlation between the increase in the cell adherence and ultrastructural changes (in SEM), suggesting an increased activity of the cells isolated from BCG-treated rats. In the culture medium of cells isolated from the rats which were given BCG or papain and BCG+papain we observed an increased base protease activity and decreased Cathepsin D activity comparing with the control group. Increased antitrypsin activity in the BCG and BCG+papain-treated rats and decreased antitrypsin activity in papain-treated rats only was observed, too. There was no obvious difference in the levels of the antiplasmin and antichymotrypsin activities between the groups. The present results indicate that activated pulmonary macrophages are one of the sources of the protease-antiprotease intraalveolar imbalance. However, an increased production of proteolytic enzymes may not be the only factor responsible for the progression of lung emphysema in BCG-treated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of activated alveolar macrophages on experimental lung emphysema development. I. Protease and antiprotease activities in the culture medium of alveolar macrophages.

Aim of the present study was to evaluate cathepsin D, base protease, antiplasmin, antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin activities and protein content in the 24h culture medium of the alveolar macrophages (AM) deriving from the rats treated BCG-vaccine and from rats with papain-induced emphysema. In the culture medium of cells isolated from the rats which were given BCG or papain and BCG+papain we observed an increase of base protease activity and a decrease of cathepsin D activity comparing with control group. Increased antitrypsin activity in BCG and BCG+papain-treated rats and decreased antitrypsin activity in papain-treated rats were observed. There were not significant differences in antiplasmin and antichymotrypsin activities between examined groups. The obtained results indicate that activated pulmonary macrophages are one of the sources of the protease-antiprotease intraalveolar imbalance. However, increased production of proteolytic enzymes may not be the only factor responsible for the progression of lung emphysema in BCG-treated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of activated alveolar macrophages on experimental lung emphysema development. II. The study of fibroblast and alveolar macrophage co-culture.

The cell-cell interaction between fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages was examined using a co-culture system. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were harvested from the bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) of rats with papain induced lung emphysema. The BCG-vaccine was applied as a macrophage mobilizing and activating agent. The morphological examinations carried out in scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as the evaluation of the uptake of 3H-thymidine did not show any significant differences between respective co-cultures of fibroblasts and AM isolated both from the lungs of control and experimental animals (treated with BCG or papain, and BCG+papain). However, significant growth were noted in 3H-thymidine uptake between fibroblast cultures done with or without cells isolated from the lungs. The results obtained suggest that AM can promote fibroblast proliferation during the progression of experimental lung emphysema.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of activated alveolar macrophages on experimental lung emphysema development. III. Morphological analysis of the lung tissue and alveolar macrophages in situ.

Morphological (in light and transmission electron microscope) as well as morphometrical analysis of the lungs was performed on experimental, papain-induced lung emphysema. Development of emphysematous changes was studied seven days after a single intratracheal instillation of papain solution. The effect of alveolar macrophages (AM) activation by BCG-vaccine on changes in pulmonary tissue was analyzed. In the rats given BCG the number of AM increased and demonstrated enhanced activity. Increase in reticulin fibre density in places of AM cumulation, particularly in BCG+papain-treated rats was observed. The lungs of animals treated with BCG+papain showed enhancing of emphysema comparing with the papain-treated rats. Development of emphysematous changes, especially in BCG+papain-treated rats coexisted with cumulation of activated alveolar macrophages and collagen fibres as well as type II alveolar epithelial cells proliferation. Our data support the inflammatory-repair hypothesis of emphysema pathogenesis and indicate that AM regulate collagen production in the lung. Type II alveolar epithelial cells seem be important in lung injury and repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cor pulmonale in experimental lung emphysema. I. The morphometric evaluation of pulmonary and myocardium changes.

Selected morphometric parameters of the lungs and heart of rats with experimental emphysema caused by a proteolytic enzyme--papain have been presented. The morphometric evaluation was carried out after the 1st, 3rd and 6th months following an intratracheal infusion of papain solution. It was found that administration of the papain caused emphysematous changes in the lungs, which intensity measured morphometricly increased until the third month, and then became stable. The first evidence of the right ventricle hypertrophy appeared already in the third month of the experiment. The evident hypertrophy of the muscle of both ventricles and of the interventricular septum was observed after six months of the experiment. Morphologic changes developing in both ventricles suggest an existence of a common pathogenetic factor affecting simultaneously the myocardium of right and left heart ventricles.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cor pulmonale in experimental lung emphysema. II. An ultrastructure of myocardium.

Development of ultrastructural changes in the hearts of rats with experimental lung emphysema, induced by proteolytic enzyme--papain, has been analysed. Simultaneous development of changes in the right ventricle muscle and in the subendocardial layer of the heart left ventricle myocardium was observed. After 1 month from papain administration in the muscle cells of the right ventricle a significant increase of mitochondria number and their polymorphism were observed. After 3 and 6 months similar changes were observed in both ventricles, however they were more pronounced in the cells of the right ventricle. Mitochondria showed significant damage in the form of clearning up of matrix and destruction of cristas and breaking of their membranes. An enlarged number of irregular intercalated discs was observed too. 6 months after papain administration in some of the right ventricle muscle cells a significant damage of myofibrils and increase in the number of sarcomeres as well as decrease of mitochondria number in these cells were noticed. Focally proliferation of connective tissue was observed too. The role of hypoxia as an essential factor, responsible for the observed morphologic changes has been discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Blood platelets in experimental lung emphysema. Comparative analysis of the number and aggregation abilities of platelets in left and right ventricular blood of the heart.

Quantitative and morphological analyses (in SEM) of blood platelets collected from the left and right ventricles of the rat heart in the course of experimental lung emphysema were done. Platelet aggregation index was estimated, too. Emphysema was induced by a single intratracheal instillation of papain solution in a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w/1 ml PBS. The animals were sacrificed after 2 and 24 hours and 7, 14, 28 days later. Within 24 hours of the experiment a slight decrease was observed in the number of platelets in the blood collected from the left ventricle compared to the right one as well as to control animals. Also a reduction in platelet aggregation coefficient value was noted. However, in the later period of emphysema progression (after 7th day), a statistically significant increase was found in the number of blood platelets in the left ventricle. A relation was noted between quantitative changes of blood platelets and emphysema progression evaluated morphometrically. The ultrastructural examinations in SEM suggest the occurrence of platelet satellitosis in animals intratracheally injected with papain solution. The present results indicate the possibility of a significant contribution of blood platelets to the pathogenesis of experimental lung emphysema.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Role of pentoxifylline in prevention and treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome].

Pentoxifylline (3,7-dimethyl-1-/5-oxohexyl)-xanthine (PTXF) is a drug that has been demonstrated to improve peripheral vascular circulation. The mechanism of this effect is believed to involve the prevention of platelet aggregation, reduction of blood viscosity and increase red blood cell flexibility. PTXF has been successfully used as a therapeutic agent for intermittent claudication secondary to chronic occlusive arterial disease. In the present paper, the special attention was paid to the possibility of using PTXF in the treatment of ARDS and PTXF mechanisms of action preventing the development of that syndrome were reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of pentoxifylline on the degree of lung parenchyma injury after papain].

In the last years pentoxifylline (PTXF) has been successfully used in reducing acute injury of the lung parenchyma in ARDS. The authors have studied the effect of PTXF on degree of papain induced lung injury. Papain was administered intratracheally in a dose of 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg in 1 ml of PBS. The effect of papain on bronchoalveolar lavage characteristics was also evaluated. Wistar rats of both sexes were used in the experiment. The degree of lung destruction, reflected by interstitial hemorrhage was assessed by measuring hemoglobin content in the fluid of the lavaged lungs. The hemoglobin levels were assessed spectrofluorometrically with the use of the 414 nm wave length. A reduction of hemoglobin content was seen after PTXF administration only in animals receiving the lowest dosage of papain. However in all animals a decrease in the BAL neutrophil count was demonstrated. The protective effect of PTXF on pulmonary tissue in papain induced injury models and situations leading to development of ARDS may suggest a similar pathomechanism in both entities.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Pneumonia in children and adolescents up to 18 years of age--a comparative analysis of the years 1976-1985 and 1986-1990].

An analysis was done of 1084 autopsies of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age carried out in the years 1986-1990. In the analysed period 631 cases were found of pneumonia (P) (58.2% autopsies) which was an increase of about 14% in relation to the years 1976-1985. Pneumonia was most frequently observed in the age range 1-12 months. It was the direct cause of death (primary pneumonia--PP) in 130 cases (11.9% autopsies) while in 501 cases (46.2%) it accompanied other primary diseases (secondary pneumonia--SP). In relation to the years 1976-1985 a decrease was observed of the per cent of autopsies with the diagnosis of PP (from 19.5% to 11.9%), as well as a significant increase of the per cent of SP) from 25.1% to 46.2%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Congenital malformations in autopsy from the years 1986-1990 of children up to 1 year of age in the region of North-East Poland].

The authors retrospectively analysed 901 autopsy protocols of children up to 1 year in years 1986-1990. Congenital malformations were presented in 364 cases (40.4%). The most frequent anomalies were: multiple anomalies-32.7%, the cardiovascular malformations -32.1% and malformations of nervous system-22.2%. 235 (64.8%) cases of congenital malformations were presented in neonates. There was no significant difference in incidence of congenital malformations between girls and boys. The frequency of congenital anomalies in autopsy material increased from 27.5% (1976-1985) to 40.4% (1986-1990).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

[Free alveolar cells in experimental pulmonary emphysema. I. Statistical analysis of cellular composition and lung morphometry].

The study was carried out on an experimental papain induced model of pulmonary emphysema. The authors assessed the cell populations sampled with lavage. Special emphasis was directed on alveolar macrophages and neutrophils. Extent of emphysema was analysed morphometrically. The authors demonstrated an influx of neutrophils 24 hours after papain was introduced intratracheally. This was followed by a swift decrease of the number of sampled neutrophils. Seven days latter the neutrophil count returned to normal. A significant increase of alveolar macrophages was seen on the seventh day. The increased macrophage count correlated with the extent of the pulmonary emphysema destruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Free alveolar cells in experimental pulmonary emphysema. II. Morphological studies of cells and analysis of their adhesive properties].

Morphological analysis of cells sampled by lavage from alveoli was carried out. Analysis of their adherent properties on a nylon filter was also studied. Morphological analysis was carried out by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The authors have demonstrated a correlation between adherence of the cells to the filter and morphological characteristics of the cells. SEM disclosed a very rich configuration of the cytoplasmatic membrane and/or formation of philopodia and pseudopodia. These results correlated with the extent of emphysemic pulmonary changes. Light microscopy showed a thin veil formed by the cell membrane in cells showing highest adherent properties.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in primary breast cancer and lymph node metastases: correlations with estrogen receptors alpha and beta.

Numerous laboratory studies and some epidemiological data have suggested the involvement of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) in breast cancer development and progression. However, data on IGF-IR expression in human tissues, including breast cancer sections, are limited and often inconsistent. We therefore examined by immunohistochemistry the expression of IGF-IR in primary tumors and breast cancer metastases to lymph nodes, and correlated IGF-IR positivity with estrogen receptor (ER) status and selected clinicopathological features. We found that 1) IGF-IR was expressed in primary tumors as well as in lymph node metastases, but the expression in primary tumors was more frequent (56 % vs. 44.4 %); 2) IGF-IR expression in primary tumors was associated with negative node status (p < 0.033); 3) in node-negative primary tumors, IGF-IR positively correlated with ERbeta (p < 0.008; r = 0.538), but not with ERalpha, tumor size or grade; 4) both IGF-IR-positive and IGF-IR-negative primary tumors were found to produce IGF-IR-positive as well as IGF-IR-negative metastases; 5) in metastases, IGF-IR expression did not associate with ERalpha, ERbeta or any of the studied pathobiological markers. The results suggest that IGF-IR could become a viable pharmaceutical target in breast cancer therapy, but such therapy should be based on IGF-IR assessment in primary tumor and metastasis in each potential patient.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bcl-2 expression in primary uveal melanoma.

AIMS: Uveal malignant melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor. The aim of this study was the analysis of bcl-2 oncoprotein expression in this tumor type. The melanomas were evaluated according to tumor location and patient age and sex. The relationship between bcl-2 expression and histological type, clinicopathologic stage and the presence of a set of predetermined morphological parameters was analyzed. METHODS: The study involved 39 patients with ocular melanomas treated with surgery alone between 1983 and 1997. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were treated with anti-bcl-2 antibody (Dako No M0887). Immunolocalization of the bcl-2 oncoprotein was performed using the labeled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method. bcl-2 expression in neoplastic cells was evaluated in a semiquantitative manner: lack of reactivity was defined as bcl-2 negative, reactivity present in less than 30% of cells as low bcl-2, and reactivity in more than 30% of cells as high bcl-2. The percentage of cells with a positive reaction was assessed independently by two pathologists, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis using Fischer's exact test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein and the clinicopathologic features analyzed. However, the high percentage of tumors with positive expression of this oncoprotein suggests that it plays a significant role in the biology of uveal melanoma.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endogenous lipid pneumonia- and alveolar proteinosis-type changes in the vicinity of non-small cell lung cancer: histiopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural evaluation.

Endogenous lipid pneumonia (ELP) and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (AP) are the most common pathological conditions of lung tissue in which there is an increased accumulation of surfactant elements in pulmonary alveoli. This paper evaluates the morphology, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis of ELP- and AP-type changes in the immediate vicinity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The analyses used lung tissue obtained from the vicinity of 56 NSCLC. ELP- or/and AP-type changes in histopathological studies were found in lung tissue surrounding 35 NSCLC. Ultrastructural analyses by transmission electronmicroscopy identified 15 cases with advanced ELP and confirmed the possibility of coexistence of ELP- and AP-type changes in the vicinity of NSCLC and the evolution of ELP into AP. Most cases analyzed showed morphological features characteristic of both AP and ELP, the intensity and degree of these changes being considerably differentiated. Type II pneumocytes, macrophages, and neutrophilic granulocytes play a significant part in the morphogenesis of ELP and AP.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗