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Biomedical subjects

M Sugar

Publications and source records attributed to M Sugar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Relation between literacy and HIV treatment knowledge among patients on HAART regimens.

Successful management of HIV requires patient understanding and ability to act on treatment information. We examined the relationship between patient literacy and understanding of HIV treatment. Literacy, knowledge of CD4 count and viral load, and correct identification of HIV medications in regimen were evaluated in 204 patients receiving care in Shreveport, Louisiana and Chicago, Illinois. One-third of patients had limited literacy skills. These patients were less able to describe CD4 count (p < 0.001), viral load (p < 0.001) and to correctly identify medications in their regimen (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, limited literacy was an independent predictor of poor understanding of CD4 count (OR 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3-6.3) and viral load (OR 4.1, 95% CI: 1.9-8.8). For correct medication identification, a significant interaction was found between number of HIV medications and literacy level. Among patients taking only 1-2 HIV medications, 100% of higher literate patients were able to identify their medications, compared to none of the lower literate patients prescribed three or more HIV medications. Patients with limited literacy skills may lack essential knowledge related to their HIV treatment. Clinicians may require additional training for improving communication with these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

They shall wear fringes.

The multiple functions of clothes include utility, protection, rivalry, disguise, camouflage, display for seduction purposes, aggression, totemism, and status. Here the focus is on a decorative and distinctive hierarchical aspect of ancient dress, the tsitsit or fringes, whose original function is long absent, but that has endured for 3,500 years in Judaism. The beginning of their use beyond the totemic appears related to issues of changing identity from slavery to liberty, endowing noble status, exhibitionism, a symbol of identity, identification with the aggressor, a talisman, and potency. It is conceptualized that they became a symbol, or a specifier, that helped promote group cohesion in ex-slaves who were frightened, dependent, anxious, and not hopeful about their future. The tsitsit aided the development of a new identity and made all Israelites equal and noble to the observer. The durability of this symbol to the present is evident in its daily wear, as an accompaniment to daily prayers, as well as in its use as a burial shroud for males. It appears that the tsitsit have additional multiple functions. These are the promise of oral and genital satisfaction, and the pleasure of the after-life, superego warnings and control of sexual impulses, protection, survival value, and affirmation. Since they offer sublimation with acceptable gratification of instincts, the tsitsit have become ritualized and endure.

Clothing↗
PubMed1995

A clinical approach to childhood gender identity disorder.

A review of gender identity disorder is presented along with a case of a four-year-old boy. An overview of some of the theories of gender identity disorder directs our attention via the clinical material to conflict/defense as the most useful. The youngster's cross-gender behavior, possible contributions to it, treatment issues, parental input, boundaries, and transitional objects are considered. The necessity of close communication, cooperation, and guidance to parents, as well as involving them in individual and family therapy, is stressed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Wrist-holding for the out of control child.

A method of preventing and limiting loss of control in therapy sessions is detailed. This begins with attunement to increasing excitement. Restraining the child by the wrists when dyscontrol occurs provides a safe and harmless means to limit the episode and continue therapy.

Child↗
PubMed1990

The inpatient borderline adolescent in group therapy.

Group therapy provides a situation to focus inpatient adolescent borderlines' problems with separation anxiety, symbiotic pairing, and efforts to help them, based on the availability of multiple transferences and shifts in symbiotic pairs that occur between group members, as well as the observations and contributions of the peers and therapist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Abuse and neglect in schools.

Maltreatment in the classroom by students of teachers, and teachers of students, is widespread with emotional, physical, sexual, and neglect aspects. Its frequency and long-term developmental effects are undocumented. We know of the consequences in some who become our patients; but for the others we can only speculate based on reports about parental abuse and neglect. This paper presents these issues about the four types of abuse with representative cases. Idealization and transference feelings seem to contribute to the lack of reporting of abuse by teachers. Perhaps teachers do not report being abused by students for fear of retaliation. Some approaches to management are considered. The seriousness of this problem is underlined even more by the paucity of research and reports despite the obvious need. Hopefully, documentation of incidence and developmental effects will be forthcoming.

Aggression↗
PubMed1989

Children in a disaster: an overview.

Most children have psychopathological reactions to disasters, which are individually-based and vary according to age, developmental level, proximity to family members, specifics of their situation, losses during and after the disaster, and the responses of the family and community. Treatment should be individualized since children's improvement is not determined by parental response.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1988

A preschooler in a disaster.

A search of the literature of children in disasters showed no case of individual therapy with such a child. The absence may be related to a specific countertransference. In the case of the preschooler presented here, the child's particular situation and developmental stage were significant aspects of his reaction and therapy.

Abreaction↗