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Biomedical subjects

M Sone

Publications and source records attributed to M Sone.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Neuropeptide Y as a plasma marker for phaeochromocytoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma.

1. We investigated the usefulness of neuropeptide Y as a plasma marker for phaeochromocytoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma using a simple and highly sensitive r.i.a. for human neuropeptide Y. 2. Plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations were measured without extraction in plasma samples (100 microliters) from patients with various diseases. 3. The plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentration in patients with phaeochromocytoma (172.3 +/- 132.4 pmol/l, mean +/- SD, n = 23) was significantly higher than that in healthy adult subjects (40.1 +/- 10.1 pmol/l, n = 40, P < 0.0001). The plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations in patients with ganglioneuroblastoma (590.7 +/- 563.6 pmol/l, n = 6) and patients with neuroblastoma (566.9 +/- 524.4 pmol/l, n = 15) were significantly higher than those in control children (1-9 years old, 82.2 +/- 39.9 pmol/l, n = 72, P < 0.0001). 4. The plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentration in patients with essential hypertension (34.0 +/- 3.7 pmol/l, n = 18) was within the normal range, but in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (192.1 +/- 68.0 pmol/l, n = 25) and in non-dialysed patients with chronic renal failure (85.1 +/- 23.1 pmol/l, n = 7) it was significantly higher than that in healthy adult subjects (P < 0.0001). 5. Eighty-seven per cent of the patients with phaeochromocytoma, 67% of the patients with ganglioneuroblastoma and 80% of the patients with neuroblastoma showed plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations higher than the upper limits in the control subjects [62 pmol/l (adult) and 160 pmol/l (children)].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Identification of a different-type homeobox gene, BarH1, possibly causing Bar (B) and Om(1D) mutations in Drosophila.

The Bar mutation B of Drosophila melanogaster and optic morphology mutation Om(1D) of Drosophila ananassae result in suppression of ommatidium differentiation at the anterior portion of the eye. Examinations was made to determine the genes responsible for these mutations. Both loci were found to share in common a different type of homeobox gene, which we call "BarH1." Polyptides encoded by D. melanogaster and D. ananassae BarH1 genes consist of 543 and 604 amino acids, respectively, with homeodomains identical in sequence except for one amino acid substitution. A unique feature of these homeodomains is that the phenylalanine residue in helix 3, conserved in all metazoan homeodomains so far examined, is replaced by a tyrosine residue. By Northern blotting, considerably more BarH1 RNA was detected in the Bar mutant than in wild type. P element-mediated transformation showed Bar-like eye malformation to be induced by transient overexpression of the BarH1 gene in the late third-instar larvae. Somatic recombination analysis indicated normal gene functions of the Bar region, including the BarH1 gene, to be required for normal eye morphogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Transdermal scopolamine use in the control of narcotic-induced nausea.

Nausea affects from 40% to 70% of cancer patients who received narcotics to manage their pain. This occurs more frequently when they are ambulatory than when they are recumbent and may be the result of narcotic-enhanced labyrinthine sensitivity to motion. Scopolamine has previously been found to be an effective antiemetic for motion sickness. In a prospective pilot study, 9 (69%) of 13 cancer patients experienced rapid relief of their narcotic-induced nausea when they used Scopolamine Transderm-V patches alone. Only two patients experienced side effects with the scopolamine, and in one patient, the side effects may have been dose related. Although tolerance to the increased vestibular sensitivity may occur, this was not universal. Further prospective trials are necessary to establish whether transdermal scopolamine is useful in controlling the narcotic-induced nausea experienced by cancer patients.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

A cost-minimization study of cancer patients requiring a narcotic infusion in hospital and at home.

We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized, cost-minimization study, from the perspective of the Ministry of Health, to compare the cost of managing cancer patients who required narcotic infusions, in hospital and at home. Our medical costs averaged $369.72 per inpatient day and $150.24 per outpatient day (saving $219.48 per diem, 1988 Canadian dollars), while narcotic costs were the same for any given patient in both settings. Sensitivity analysis showed that no reasonable changes in the quantity and cost of services reduced our savings by more than 50%. During incremental analysis, savings increased as more outpatient days were managed by our centre, from $0.00 for 318 days, to more than $500,000 for over 2000 days per annum. As this program has been extremely cost effective and preferred by our patients, other hospitals and central funding agencies might consider establishing a regional outpatient narcotic infusion program to reduce their costs.

Canada↗
PubMed1991

Immunoreactive endothelin in urine of patients with and without diabetes mellitus.

Immunoreactive (ir)-endothelin (ET) in urine was studied with a radioimmunoassay in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-DM diseases including endocrine disorders, primary glomerular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and hematological malignancies. Twenty-four-hour excretions (mean +/- SEM) of ir-ET were 8.0 +/- 0.9 pmol/day in the DM group (n = 13) and 9.5 +/- 1.2 pmol/day in the non-DM group (n = 51). No significant differences among DM and other disease groups were noted with respect to 24-h ir-ET excretion. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of a normal urine extract revealed a major peak eluting later than ET-1. Gel chromatography revealed a single major peak in a smaller molecular weight (MW) region in normal urine and an additional peak in larger MW region in a urine extract from a DM patient. Urinary ir-ET consists of at least two components which may be metabolites of ET or ET precursors in plasma or peptides derived from the kidney.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immunoreactive endothelin in pheochromocytomas.

The presence of endothelin (ET) in tumor tissue and plasma of patients with pheochromocytoma was studied by radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive (ir-) ET concentrations in 12 pheochromocytomas ranged from 66 to 253 fmol per gram wet tissue (gwt) (146 +/- 20 fmol/gwt, mean +/- SEM). These values were not significantly higher than tissue ir-ET concentrations of two primary aldosteronism (66 and 132 fmol/gwt) and three normal adrenal glands (71-120 fmol/gwt) (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). However, tumor tissue ir-ET concentrations in six of the 12 pheochromocytomas were higher than 132 fmol/gwt (the upper value of the control tissues). Sephadex G-50 column chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of pheochromocytoma tumor extracts showed a major peak eluting at an identical position to synthetic ET-1. Plasma ir-ET concentrations of pheochromocytomas (1.4 +/- 0.9 fmol/ml, n = 17) were not significantly different from those of patients with essential hypertension (1.0 +/- 0.7 fmol/ml, n = 20) and normal subjects (1.0 +/- 0.4 fmol/ml, n = 18) (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). This study has shown that high concentrations of ET-1 are present in tumor tissues of 50% of pheochromocytomas.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Response of the lactating and postweaning sow to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).

Clinical and endocrinological responses to administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (LH-RH-A) during the lactation period and postweaning in the sow were investigated. Plasma LH concentrations in lactating sows rose immediately after administration of LH-RH-A. However, in postweaning sows the increase of LH level was more slowly. Three of 5 postweaning sows came into estrus and ovulated after LH-RH-A treatment. One sow exhibited a distinct LH response, but her ovaries remained quiescent. The remaining one with feeble estrus for a short period became cystic ovaries. Thus, LH response to GnRH in the sow seems to be higher during early lactation than at 2 days postweaning.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Release of neuropeptide Y from pheochromocytomas.

To investigate the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) from the pheochromocytomas, we studied the relationship between the plasma and tumor tissue immunoreactive (IR) NPY concentrations in 13 patients with pheochromocytoma and measured the IR-NPY concentration in plasma samples obtained by catheter from several veins (jugular veins, superior vena cava, renal veins, adrenal veins and inferior vena cava) in 2 patients with pheochromocytoma. The plasma IR-NPY concentration in 13 patients with pheochromocytoma ranged from 118 to 1460 pg/ml and the concentration in 10 of 13 patients with pheochromocytoma was above 290 pg/ml (the upper limit of normal range). The tumor tissue IR-NPY ranged from 0.025 to 95.3 micrograms/g wet tissue. Plasma IR-NPY was parallel with tumor tissue IR-NPY in 13 cases of pheochromocytoma (r = 0.76, P less than 0.01). The highest concentration of IR-NPY was found in plasma obtained from the drainage vein from a tumor among the plasma samples obtained from several veins in 2 cases of pheochromocytoma. These findings indicate that in patients with pheochromocytoma, NPY is in most cases excessively released from the tumors into the systemic circulation and plasma IR-NPY in the periphery is increased.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Inpatient narcotic infusions for patients with cancer pain.

Morphine and hydromorphone infusions of 6 or more (average 25.75) days in duration were used with increasing frequency (up to 7%) by our oncology inpatients. Eighty-six percent of the 135 inpatients we reviewed realized good pain control with dose rates up to 700 morphine-equivalent (ME) mg/h. Local toxicity occurred on only 10 occasions. Systemic side effects secondary to the infusion were reported 75 times and were generally readily reversed. Myoclonus was seen in 11% of our patients at dose rates as low as 60-90 ME mg/h. Adjuvant therapies were not used as frequently as might be warranted. We believe that narcotic infusions, particularly subcutaneous ones, are safe and effective. Further prospective trials are needed to clarify how they should be combined with other therapies to control cancer pain that is poorly responsive to narcotics, and to better understand the etiology and management of serious side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Peptide-dependent regulation of epithelial nephron functions.

It has become evident that the nephron is an important target organ of many of the regulatory peptides; this brief overview will not attempt to consider the vast amount of work on peptide-dependent kidney functions; instead, it will emphasize recent work directed towards understanding intracellular signal pathways between peptide ligand-receptor interaction and expression of physiological transport responses in renal epithelial cells. The awareness that peptide hormones of differing origin, e.g., intestinal and cardiac, share at least some of the signal steps in nephron cells, has stimulated work on nephron segmental analysis of receptor binding, of second messengers, of membrane G proteins, of protein phosphorylation, and of final membrane transport responses, such as peptide-dependent ion channel regulation. Peptides involved in cell growth and differentiation, e.g., growth factors, appear to act through part of the signal pathway shared by other peptides. The peptides selected for the purpose of this review, then, are those that have been linked, by experimental evidence, to intracellular messenger systems in nephron epithelia.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Detection of immunoreactive endothelin in plasma of hemodialysis patients.

Two types of radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods for measuring endothelin (ET) in human plasma were developed. One was an extraction procedure using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, the other being a direct method. By the extraction method, plasma ET levels were lower than the detectable limit (7 pg/ml) in normal subjects and elevated in hemodialysis patients. The absolute values obtained via the direct method were 20-times higher than those from extraction. Gel-filtration experiments revealed that this discrepancy was mainly due to immunoreactive (IR-) endothelin-like substances of high molecular mass near 11.6 kDa (large IR-ET). Extraction of the peptide by the C18 cartridge could eliminate interference by large IR-ET and is important in the accurate measurement of ET concentrations in plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the human hypothalamus.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the human hypothalamus was investigated by radioimmunoassay and by immunocytochemistry. CGRP-LI was detected from two hypothalami obtained at autopsy (2.1 and 7.0 ng/g wet tissue) by radioimmunoassay. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed that most of the CGRP-LI in the human hypothalamus was eluted in an identical position with synthetic human CGRP. For immunocytochemistry, human hypothalami obtained at autopsy were fixed and cryostat-sectioned at 40 microns. Free floating sections were immunostained with antibody to CGRP. CGRP-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus and infundibular nucleus. These findings indicate that CGRP exists in the cell bodies of the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus and infundibular nucleus in the human hypothalamus and CGRP may play some roles in the endocrine and other functions of the human hypothalamus.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Neuropeptide Y and blood pressure in haemodialysis patients.

To investigate the relationship between plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentrations and blood pressure in haemodialysis (HD), we measured plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (IR-NPY) concentrations and blood pressure before and after HD in 71 patients undergoing maintenance HD. Plasma IR-NPY concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay after extraction with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. We corrected the plasma IR-NPY values after HD by reference to the ratio of the plasma total protein levels before HD to the levels after HD, in order to exclude the influence of the haemoconcentration caused by HD. Plasma IR-NPY concentrations before and after HD in 71 patients undergoing maintenance HD were 413 +/- 94 pg/ml and 340 +/- 90 pg/ml (mean +/- SD), respectively. Plasma IR-NPY concentrations before HD in 28 hypertensive patients with HD (398 +/- 91 pg/ml) were not significantly different from those in 40 normotensive (427 +/- 98 pg/ml) and 3 hypotensive (372 +/- 21 pg/ml) patients with HD (P greater than 0.1). Plasma IR-NPY concentrations after HD in 9 patients whose systolic blood pressure fell more than 30 mmHg during HD (409 +/- 52 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those in the other patients (P less than 0.025). These findings suggest that the release of NPY is increased when the blood pressure falls during HD in patients undergoing maintenance HD.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1989

Neuropeptide Y- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and somatostatin (SS)-like immunoreactivities (LI) were investigated in tumor tissues of one ganglioneuroma (GN), 3 ganglioneuroblastomas (GNB) and one neuroblastoma (NB) by radioimmunoassay. NPY-LI was detected from all 5 tumor tissues (16.4-1247 pmol/g wet tissue). Sephadex G-50 column chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that most of the NPY-LI in tumor extracts was eluted in an identical position to synthetic human NPY except one GNB (case 2). In this case, most of the NPY-LI was eluted in a higher molecular weight region than synthetic human NPY in Sephadex G-50 column chromatography and in a more hydrophobic position in HPLC. SS-LI was detected from 4 tumor extracts except one GNB (case 2) (21.3-787 pmol/g wet tissue). Sephadex G-25 column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC revealed that SS-LI in tumor extracts was eluted just after the void volume and then in the same positions as SS-28 and SS-14. These results suggest that NPY, SS-14 and SS-28 exist in tumor tissues of GN, GNB and NB, and most of the NPY-LI in one GNB was a higher molecular and more hydrophobic form of NPY-LI.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1989

Portable narcotic infusion devices in Canada.

Several types of portable infusion devices are now available, allowing patients to receive continuous parenteral narcotics at home. Six of the most commonly used pumps in Canada are presented. Various features of the pumps are compared including cost, flow rate, bolus capability, ease of operation, medication preparation and safety. Consideration of all these factors should aid an institution in selecting a narcotic infusion device.

Canada↗