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Biomedical subjects

M Shirai

Publications and source records attributed to M Shirai.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A clinical evaluation of AMS Hydroflex in the treatment of impotence].

The AMS Hydroflex penile prosthesis was implanted in 34 organic impotence patients between June 20, 1986 and Aug. 6, 1990. Patients ages ranged between 26 and 71 with an average of 50.5. The causes of impotences were; 17 cases of post-radical pelvic surgery, 7 cases of injury, 6 cases of diabetes and 4 of others. First evaluation was made after 12 weeks of implantation in terms of patient satisfaction with sexual intercourse and post operative complication. Sixteen patients (47.1%) were highly satisfied with intercourse, 13 (38.2%) satisfied with intercourse, 2 (5.9%) slightly dissatisfied even with successful intercourse, 1 (2.9%) with no improvement and 2 (5.9%) could not follow. Utility of the prosthesis, e.g. effectiveness and safety was; high utility in 20 (58.8%), good utility in 11 (32.4%), slight utility in 1 (2.9%), no favorable in 1 (2.9%) and no judgement in 1 (2.9%). The overall effectiveness and safety of the Hydroflex was demonstrated based on the above findings. Long term evaluation was made from the initial implantation of the device up to the termination of the trial with average of 19.2 months and was mentioned altogether.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Five cases of tuberculosis occurring in an accounting office during 5-year period].

Five cases of pulmonary tuberculosis occurred in an accounting office during 5-year period. Patients 1 and 2 were hospitalized in January and March respectively in 1984. Patients 3 and 4 were found to have abnormal shadows in 1987. Patient 5 was admitted to our hospital in July, 1988. Patients 1 and 2 showed a similar pattern of drug resistance. The desk of Patient 3 was located in front of the desk of Patient 1. Retrospective review of chest X-ray film of Patient 3 taken two years before admission revealed that active contagious tuberculosis had been misdiagnosed as inactive type, resulting in delayed treatment. Patients 4 and 5 worked near to Patient 3 for the past two years. PPD skin test was carried out on 47 workers in the same room and other rooms as well. The distribution of maximum diameters of erythema for workers in the same room did not show a bimodal distribution, but the mean diameter (30.6 +/- 16.4 mm) was larger than that (22.3 +/- 17.2 mm) for workers in other rooms. Preventive administration of Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) was made for 10 workers. These observations suggest that routine chest X-ray film should be carefully checked, and PPD skin test should be performed to those at risk of tuberculosis infection.

Accounting↗
PubMed1990

Content and distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in cavernous tissue of human penis.

Penile erection is controlled by a valvular structure in the helicine artery in humans. The opening and closing of this valve are believed to be regulated by the autonomic nervous system, especially through the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). We determined the content of VIP in cavernous tissue in 18 impotent patients and in 5 normal controls by radioimmunoassay, and we examined the distribution of VIP-ergic nerve fibers in cavernous tissue by an immunohistochemical method. As a result, it was found that the lower penile VIP content was more frequent among patients with organic impotence than among the controls. Furthermore, VIP-ergic nerve fibers were seen to be diffusely and loosely distributed in a large number of organic impotence patients. These findings suggest that organic impotence in some patients may be due to decreases in the VIP content and in VIP-ergic nerve fibers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Antitumour effect of intratumoral injection of human recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary report.

Five hepatoma patients with small resectable tumour received an intratumoral injection of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) once weekly over 2-4 weeks (1.05 x 10(6)-3.6 x 10(6) U in total per patient). Tumour regressions of 32% and 57% were observed in two patients at day 42 after the first rIL-2 injection. No response was observed in two patients and disease progressed in one. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity was enhanced and Leu-11+ cells increased in the peripheral blood in the patients with 32% and 57% tumour regression after rIL-2 therapy. However, LAK activity, Leu-7+ cells were reduced in the patient who progressed. No consistent changes in Leu-2a+ cells and Leu-3a+ cells were demonstrated. In the three patients showing no response or 32% tumour regression, hepatic segments containing tumour were resected; histologically the tumour showed severe necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration in the patient with 32% tumour regression but mild or moderate changes in the other two. IL-2 mediated tumour killing can be induced in tumours by intratumoral injection of rIL-2, leading to tumour regression.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Intratumoral injection of OK432 and lymphokine-activated killer activity in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 33 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly decreased compared with that of healthy volunteers. There was less LAK activity in PBMC from patients with larger tumours (5 cm or more in diameter) than in patients with smaller tumours (under 5 cm in diameter). In 8 out of 20 patients with larger tumours there was none or little LAK activity. Flow cytometry revealed that the percentage of Leu11b+ cells in PBMC was lower in patients than in normal volunteers, and was lowest in patients with larger tumours. 10 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with intratumoral injection of OK432. LAK activity was enhanced after treatment in 7 cases, and the percentage of Leu11b+ cells was increased. Enhancement of LAK activity in response to OK432 was more significant in patients with smaller rather than larger tumours. Of the 7 high LAK responders, 4 showed 50-100% tumour regression at 6-9 weeks after injection.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1990

Peripheral blood CD4-mediated enhancement and CD8-mediated suppression in the presence of recombinant hepatitis B virus core antigen.

The proliferative response of peripheral blood T cells to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was studied in hepatitis B patients. CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic active hepatitis type B (CAH-B) exhibited a significant proliferative response to HBcAg, especially in hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients. In contrast, there was no apparent T cell reaction to HBcAg in patients with CAH non-A, non-B, HBeAg-positive healthy carriers and in healthy volunteers. The proliferative response to CD4+ cells to bacterial extracts of Escherichia coli was always insignificant in all patients and healthy volunteers. The CD8+ cells did not proliferate in response to HBcAg in any subject, even in the presence of autologous irradiated CD4+ responder cells. The CD8+ cells, preactivated with HBcAg and HBcAg-reactive irradiated autologous CD4+ cells, suppressed the proliferative response to autologous CD4+ cells to HBcAg but not the response to phytohemagglutinin in HBcAg-responder CAH-B patients. CD4-mediated HBcAg-specific enhancement and CD8-mediated HBcAg-specific suppression in the peripheral blood compartments of HBcAg-responsive CAH-B patients are possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A comparative case-control study of colorectal cancer and adenoma.

We conducted a comparative case-control study of colorectal cancer and adenoma involving 221 cases with colorectal cancer, 525 cases with colorectal adenoma and 578 neighborhood controls. Daily vegetables intake was associated with lower risks of distal colon adenoma (relative risks (RR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39-0.89) and rectal cancer (RR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25-0.84). Daily beans intake was associated with lower risk of colon adenoma (RR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37-0.91 for the proximal colon and RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45-0.88 for the distal colon) and daily intake of seaweeds was associated with lower risk of rectal cancer (RR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.82). Daily intake of fish and shellfish also showed an inverse association with the risk of colon adenoma (RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45-0.99 for the proximal colon and RR = 0.70, 0.52-0.94 for the distal colon). Generally, intakes of animal or vegetable fat-rich foods, especially meats, were associated with decreases in risks of both adenoma and cancer, though the association of cancer was not statistically significant. Other than dietary factors, daily alcohol drinking was associated with an increased risk of adenoma in the proximal colon (RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.15-3.29) and ex-drinkers showed higher risks for colon adenoma and colorectal cancer. Sports or occupational activities and coffee drinking were inversely associated and family history of colorectal cancer was positively associated with the risk of both colorectal adenoma and cancer.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Correlation of the hypo-osmotic swelling test, semen score and the zona-free hamster egg penetration assay in humans.

The correlation between the hypo-osmotic swelling test, the modified Eliasson score for human semen analysis and the hamster egg penetration assay was examined. The results showed a weak but significant correlation between the group of subjects with swelling rates below 50% and the above 80% group. These groups showed hamster egg penetration assay rates of 9 +/- 14% and 39 +/- 29%, respectively (P less than 0.035). A significant correlation was also found between modified Eliasson scores (17 +/- 10 and 5 +/- 7, respectively) and swelling rates below 50% and above 70% (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that spermatozoa showing a low swelling rate have a poor fertilizing capacity. Therefore, the swelling tests and analysis of the patients semen can be used to discriminate sperm quality.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1990

Inhibitory effects of hepatitis B virus antigen on induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity.

We investigated the inhibitory effects of purified recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (rHBsAg) and core antigen (rHBcAg) on lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) activity. Either peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or CD16+ CD3- LAK precursors, both of which were pre-incubated with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and rHBsAg or rHBcAg for 72 h, showed a significant decrease in LAK cytotoxicity against Daudi cells, in comparison to the results recorded in the presence of IL-2 alone, or IL-2 and E. coli extracts. This inhibitory effect was dose-dependent and was observed to be time-dependent from 24 to 72-h-cultures with these HBV antigens. This influence was not mediated with either adherent cells or other accessory cells. The proliferative reaction of either PBMCs or the LAK precursors after being cultured with IL-2 and rHBsAg or rHBcAg for 72 h was significantly diminished compared with the levels of reaction of those cells after a 72-h culture with IL-2 alone or with IL-2 and E. coli extracts. The levels of IL-2-driven IL-2 receptor (p55) expression of either PBMCs or the LAK precursors in the presence of rHBsAg or rHBcAg were higher than the levels seen in the absence of these HBV antigens. These results suggest that HBsAg and HBcAg may inhibit the induction of LAK activity by interfering with the proliferative reaction of the LAK precursors to IL-2 without inhibiting the IL-2 receptor expression of the cells. Cytofluorographic analysis of PBMCs, cultured with rIL-2, showed lower percentages of CD3+ and CD16+ cells in the presence of these HBV antigens than those in the absence of antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Growth and differentiation of fetal rat limb buds transplanted in athymic (nude) mice.

Limb buds of day 14 rat fetuses were cut into pieces and transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of athymic (nude) mice. In day 14 fetal limbs, mesenchymal cells have begun to condense to form cartilaginous anlage, but no cartilage has been formed. Within 7 days after grafting, masses of hyaline cartilage developed. Numerous osteoblasts appeared, and new bone formation began by 14 days. By 20 days, osteoclasts appeared, and the formation of bone trabeculae and marrow cavities progressed. The cytological characteristics of chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts were essentially the same as those seen in vivo. Many grafts developed into long bones, having the diaphysis and epiphysis. The mode of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the grafts was histologically similar to the corresponding process in vivo, although the differentiation was slower in the grafted limbs. Since the grafted limb buds showed remarkable growth and tissue differentiation for at least several weeks, this heterotransplantation system would be of potential use for the study of bone formation and resorption as well as for developmental toxicological studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Basic and clinical research of impotence--its present situation and problems involved].

From detailed investigation of the vascular structure of the penis, it has been proposed that there exists a valvular structure, consisting of smooth muscle, located at a point immediately before the helicine artery, bifurcated from the deep artery, opens to the cavernous sinuses, an area where autonomic nerves are densely distributed, participating in opening and closing the valve. On the other hand, there is said to be no valvular structure in the vein outflowing from the cavernous sinuses, and blood flows into the dorsal penile vein by penetrating the albuginea obliquely or vertically after running parallel in the region immediately below the albuginea. It is considered that, when the valve of the helicine artery opens, blood flows into the cavernous sinuses, expanding them, and as a result the outflowing vein is compressed between the sinuses and the albuginea, or the albuginea itself, acting like a valve and therefore assuming an important function in maintaining erection by disturbing the reflux of blood flow. It is also presumed that the contracting of ishiocavernous muscle plays a part in developing the rigidity of the penis. It is considered, moreover, that the trabecula of the cavernous body consisting of smooth muscle also plays a part in the promotion and disappearance of erection. It is very important to run functional tests of erection when diagnosing impotence, and today many tests are available for differential diagnosis; including papaverine test, dynamic cavernosometry and cavernosography. As for therapy, treatments involving vasoactive agent infusion, such as papaverine or prostaglandin E1 into the cavernous body, have become common. For cases with venous impotence, ligation of the penile deep vein and crus of the penile cavernous body have come to be attempted. Furthermore, revascularization of penile artery can be performed to treat arterial impotence. For cases in whom these methods are not effective, implantation of various penile prostheses into the penis has been shown to be successful.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1990

Hepatitis B core antigen specific CD4 response in peripheral blood.

The proliferative response of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells to recombinant hepatitis B core antigen (rHBcAg) has been studied in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) type B (CAH-B), CAH-nonA nonB, and normal volunteers. CD4+ T cells from patients with CAH-B indicated a significant proliferative response to rHBcAg in the presence of non-T antigen presenting cells. In contrast, there was no apparent T cell reaction to rHBcAg in patients with CAH-nonA nonB and healthy volunteers. We suggested the possibility of CD4-mediated HBcAg specific response even in the peripheral blood compartments of HBcAg-responsive CAH-B patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Depressed lymphokine-activated killer activity and analysis of the precursor cells in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The in vitro lymphokine-activated killer activity and natural killer activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 33 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were investigated. Lymphokine-activated killer and natural killer activities of patients were significantly decreased compared with those of healthy volunteers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed significantly lower lymphokine-activated killer and natural killer activities in patients with larger tumors (greater than or equal to 5 cm in diameter) than in patients with smaller tumors (less than 5 cm in diameter). Of 20 patients with larger tumors, 8 and 6 generated very little or no lymphokine-activated killer and natural killer activities. respectively. Lymphokine-activated killer precursors and natural killer cells were present mainly in the Leu-11+ fraction and partially in the Leu-7+ fraction in patients and normal volunteers. A flow cytometric study showed that the percentage of Leu-7+ 11+ and Leu-7-11+ fractions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was lower in patients than in normal volunteers. The percentages of Leu-7-11+ and Leu-7+ 11+ fractions were diminished in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patients with little or no lymphokine-activated killer activity. It is suggested that deficient lymphokine-activated killer and natural killer activities partially results from a reduction in the number of their precursor cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1990

[Sexual dysfunction following radical operation for cancer of the rectum and colon].

Sexual dysfunction frequently occurs following radical operation for cancer of intrapelvic organs. However, the number of impotent patients with colon and rectal cancer who actually visited our Reproduction Center complaining of impotence after operation accounted for only 31 (1.8%) out of the 1,686 impotent cases during past 8 years; of these 31 patients who complained of impotence after operation by Miles method, 79% were considered to suffer from organic impotence, while 62% of those having undergone anterior resection suffered organic impotence. Even in cases in whom no erection occurs due to some disorder in the nervous system, intracavernous injection treatment using vasoactive agents (papaverine or prostaglandin E1) can be effective if the vascular system is normal. In cases which do not react to this treatment, intrapenile transplantation of various silicone prostheses is tried. Moreover, administration of sympathomimetic agents (imipramine and so on) is undertaken in cases with retrograde ejaculation, among those with ejaculatory disorders, and if no effect is obtained by this administration, artificial insemination is tried using semen ejaculated into the bladder. In cases in whom no ejaculation occurs, even into the bladder, artificial ejaculation is attempted by spinal infusion of prostigmin, and when no effect is obtained, artificial insemination is tried using semen retained in an artificial spermatocele implanted in the tail of the epididymis.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis of hepatitis B virus core antigen polypeptide in E. coli using pKK223-3 plasmid, a vector for expression, with tac promoter.

A hybrid plasmid was constructed by insertion of the HBc gene encoding HBcAg into the pKK223-3 plasmid at the SmaI cleavage site in the correct direction just downstream from the tac promoter and upstream from the rrnB terminator. The recombinant plasmid carrying the HBc gene was introduced into E. coli and cloned. HBcAg was synthesized in E. coli by using the expression plasmid under the regulation of the tac promoter and rrnB terminator. The tac promoter, derived from sequences of trp and lac UV5 promoters, has identical sequences in two domains (-35 and -10 regions) with optimal distance, and the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, which enables protein synthesis to start at the ATG of the adjacent HBc gene. The nucleotide sequence of the HBc gene and its predicted amino acid sequence were almost identical to those previously reported. Purified HBcAg has a molecular weight of 21,500. This polypeptide gave a positive reaction with anti-HBcAg and anti-HBe antibodies, and was assembled into spherical particles 37 nm in diameter. The recombinant plasmid, carrying the HBc gene between the tac promoter (trp-lac hybrid promoter) and the rrnB terminator in expression plasmid pKK223-3, was useful for efficient expression of the HBc gene and production of HBcAg particles in E. coli.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment using CDDP and radiation therapy in treating bladder tumor].

Combination therapy consisting of cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP) and radiotherapy was used to treat bladder cancer. The subjects were 20 patients with bladder cancer we experienced since September, 1986. They were between 33 and 83 years old and consisted of 13 males and 7 females. Among the histotypes and grades, there were 3 cases of G2, 7 of G2-G3 and 10 of G3 metastatic epithelial carcinoma. The classification of primary tumors was T2 in six cases, T3a in 12 cases and T4 in two cases. In 12 cases where the bladder was preserved, this therapy was performed after TUR biopsy or TUR, and the effects were evaluated after observation periods of 5-17 months. Side effects caused by CDDP were anorexia in 15 cases, nausea and vomiting in 10 cases, leukopenia in 10 cases and thrombocytopenia in four cases. Those caused by the radiotherapy were diarrhea in seven cases and skin disorders in six cases. All of these side effects were mild and the patients recovered spontaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Calcium metabolism in tuberculosis].

To investigate the role of Ca metabolism in granulomatous lung diseases, 187 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis 42 patients with sarcoidosis, and 47 patients with pneumonia were examined. The mean value of serum Ca on admission in tuberculosis patients was significantly lower than in patients with sarcoidosis. Of 183 patients with tuberculosis, 69 patients (38%) showed Ca level lower than normal range. The longitudinal observation of serum Ca level in 33 drug-responsive patients with tuberculosis disclosed that mean Ca level rose significantly at the third month of treatment, and maintained the similar level up to the sixth month. These findings suggest that the dynamics of Ca metabolism seen in tuberculosis were similar to that in pneumonia and differed from that in sarcoidosis, although both tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are characterized histologically by granuloma formation induced by cell-mediated immunity. To explain changes in Ca level, the chronological analysis of serum Vitamin D level was done, and it showed no correlation with serum Ca level. The lower serum Ca level on admission and their normalization according to the improvement of clinical course in tuberculosis have not been reported yet. It seems that there are responsible factors other than Vit D for Ca level fluctuation, and further studies are needed.

Adult↗