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Biomedical subjects

M Shindo

Publications and source records attributed to M Shindo.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1974

Relationship between the structures of fatty acid amide derivatives and their antimicrobial activities.

The structure-activity relationships of derivatives of the antibiotic cerulenin were investigated by chemically modifying dodecanoic acid, its skeletal back-bone. The dimethylamide derivatives were active against both gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and fungi. Among the compounds having modified groups at positions C2 and C4, the most active were those with a carbonyl group at C4 and a double bond at C2. The dimethylamide and pyrrolidine amide derivatives of this structure type were the most active. Activity against bacteria and yeast increased with the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton, with the maximum activity being observed at C=12. No significant differences in activity against fungi were observed with change in chain length.

Amides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mandibular involvement by squamous cell carcinoma of the lower alveolus: analysis and comparative study of histologic and radiologic features.

Histologic analysis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower alveolus shows 2 basic patterns of tumor spread in relation to the mandible: an infiltrative one and an expansive one. While the tumor invades the mandible by destroying the bone or through cortical defects of some spaces in the infiltrative form, the tumor does this only by eroding the bone in the expansive form, in which the degree of bone resorption seems to be proportional to tumor advancement. A comparison between radiologic and histologic features discloses that the radiologically detected bone defects are not necessarily correlated with the patterns of bone involvement. However, most lesions with erosive bone defects show the expansive pattern histologically, and the extent of the radiologically detected bone defect is roughly in accordance with the histologic extent of bone involvement. These results lead us to believe that some squamous carcinoma of the lower alveolus could be treated successfully without sacrificing the continuity of the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity during interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

We measured 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activities in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were being treated with interferon so as to determine whether 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in serum reflected 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and whether it could be used to monitor interferon treatment. Pretreatment values of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in patients' serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were not statistically different from values from control subjects. When interferon was administered, serum levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase began to rise within 3 hr, reached peak values at 12 hr and then declined. The levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity both in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased substantially during interferon treatment, ranging 2- to 50-fold greater than initial levels. The levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in serum correlated closely with levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, when the levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase rose during interferon administration, serum hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase values fell, and, in some cases, DNA polymerase rose again when 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase fell after discontinuation of interferon. These findings suggest that 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in serum accurately reflects the antiviral effect of interferon and could be used to monitor interferon treatment.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional computed tomography in the head and neck diseases with bony abnormalities.

The purpose of this study was to define the role of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) in the head and neck diseases with bony abnormalities. Thirty-two patients were examined with a low dose radiation technique. Three-dimensional CT clearly delineated bony lesions in 27 of 32 patients. Three-dimensional CT could not demonstrate subtle bony erosions infiltrated by tumor, a temporal bone fracture, and a blow-out fracture, although two-dimensional (2D) images obtained before the 3D reconstructions clearly depicted those lesions. These two kinds of CT technique were thought to be complimentary.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postural control responses sitting on unstable board during visual stimulation.

Concerning with the relation of vection induced by the optokinetic stimulation and the body movement, especially we attended to the neck joint movement, which counteracted to the shoulder movement. Then, we analyzed the mechanisms of the sitting postural control by using the seesaw board. By the optokinetic stimulation through the head mounted display (H.M.D.), the vection was leaded, and it affected to the sway of the body on the seesaw board. In this experiment, we found that the movement of upper part of body except for the head was the same direction to the seesaw board but the head moved out of phase to the seesaw board. This phenomenon will be suggested that the unstable condition of sway is balanced by the counter swing of head and the neck muscle tonus is controlled by acting of the vestibulo-collic reflex.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does the endolymph pass through the base of the cupula?

Whether the endolymph of the semicircular canal passes the cupular partition or not was examined using the lateral semicircular canal system of adult pigeons (Columba livia). By applying various pressures by means of injection of a dye solution through the membranous canal, it was found that the dye solution, was seen to pass the cupula even under very low pressures when the pressure was increased gradually. When pulled by a magnet, the ultrafine particles of the dextran magnetite contained in the injected fluid were found to pass through the subcupular space without evident increase of the ampullary pressure.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous inhibition of excessive polyol pathway flux in peripheral nerves by aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat leads to improvement of diabetic neuropathy.

We investigated the effects of three aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors, fidarestat, epalrestat and zenarestat, on the slowing of sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), and minimal F-wave latency prolongation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Two weeks after STZ injection, SNCV and MNCV in the diabetic rats were significantly slower than in normal rats. Fidarestat (0.25-2 mg/kg/day), epalrestat (48 to 96 mg/kg/day) or zenarestat (10-40 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for the following 2 weeks, and SNCV, MNCV and F-wave latency were measured 3 h after final administration. Significant prolongation of minimal F-wave latency, as well as slowing of SNCV and MNCV, was found in the untreated diabetic rats 4 weeks after STZ injection. At a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day or more fidarestat showed significant effects on these nervous dysfunctions, effects that were more potent than those shown by the other inhibitors. Furthermore, following the 2-week administration of fidarestat (1 mg/kg/day), epalrestat (48 mg/kg/day) or zenarestat (20 mg/kg/day), which began 2 weeks after STZ injection, sorbitol content in the sciatic nerve, produced by AR, a rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway, was determined at 3, 8, 12, and 24 h after final administration. At each point in time, sorbitol content in the untreated diabetic rats was much higher than that in the normal control rats. Fidarestat suppressed sorbitol accumulation remarkably and continuously until 24 h after administration. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect by zenarestat declined in a time-dependent manner, and epalrestat did not decrease sorbitol content. Therefore, these results suggest that continuous inhibition of increased polyol pathway flux can improve diabetic neuropathy more potently.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Five year prospective study on blood pressure and maximal oxygen uptake.

1. The relationship between physical fitness (maximal oxygen uptake VO2max) and incidence of hypertension was investigated through a prospective study for a total of 16,525 human-years of observation. 2. This study involved 3305 Japanese males whose blood pressure (BP) was normal when they received their first physical examination before the age of 50. They were monitored from 1983 to 1988. The BP of 425 subjects was diagnosed as hypertension in the fifth year. 3. Fitness levels were divided into quintiles according to VO2max levels, and were compared with the changes of BP and relative risk of hypertension after adjustment for age, initial percentage of body fat (PFAT), initial BP, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking status and familial history of hypertension. The increase in BP of subjects in the least fit group was higher than in any other group. Relative risk was calculated using a multiple logistic regression and was 1.9 x higher in the least fit group compared with the fittest group. 4. The subjects were classified into three groups: the improved VO2max group, the deteriorated VO2max group and the unchanged VO2max group. The increase in BP of the improved VO2max group was significantly lower than the other two groups after adjustment for changes in PFAT, age, initial PFAT, initial BP, fitness level, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking status and familial history of hypertension. 5. It is concluded that low VO2max level is related to higher incidence of hypertension. An improved VO2max would therefore be able to prevent hypertension.

Adult↗