Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Shaw.
The case history is presented of a woman with acquired lesions in the axillary, submammary, intermammary, inguinal, genitocrural and perianal skin folds. These lesions were confluent pigmented macules, giving rise to extensive (en nappe) reticulate patches. History revealed changes typical of seborrhoeic wart. The name patchy (en nappe) seborrhoeic wart is suggested for this condition.
A study on 502 epithelial cutaneous cancers was carried out by the authors. The study included 377 basal cell carcinomas (57,5% in males and 42,4% in females) and 125 squamous cell carcinomas (78,4% in males and 21,6% in females). The basal cell carcinomas in both sexs had an earlier onset than the squamous cell carcinomas.
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There was a significant increase in the ribonuclease activity of both resistant (Bombay) and susceptible (Bison) varieties of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) 3 to 4 days after inoculation with flax rust (Melampsora lini [Pers.] Lev., race No. 3). A second and much greater increase in the activity of this enzyme occurred only in the susceptible host at later stages of disease development. While a similar increase in ribonuclease level was also caused by mechanical injury, evidence is presented showing qualitative differences between the enzyme from parasitized tissue and that from the mechanically injured cotyledons. Comparison of the enzyme from healthy and inoculated cotyledons and from flax rust revealed the presence of a relatively unstable component and some unique catalytic properties in the enzyme from inoculated cotyledons.
The rate of (32)P incorporation into RNA fractions of flax cotyledons (Linum usitatissimum L. var. Bison) was found to increase two- to three-fold by 48h after inoculation with flax rust [Melampsora lini (Pers.) Lev., race no. 3]. This was accompanied by a change in the nucleotide composition of the newly transcribed sodium chloride-soluble RNA fraction. A comparison of the nucleotide composition of the RNA synthesized in the host-parasite complex at different stages of development indicated the preferential synthesis of one or more molecular species of RNA with a high A+U/G+C ratio at a relatively early stage of infection. Treatment of healthy plants with indol-3-ylacetic acid also resulted in a substantial stimulation in the rate of (32)P incorporation into RNA but this was not accompanied by a detectable change in the nucleotide ratios of the newly synthesized RNA. These results suggest that the synthesis of one of more additional RNA species or the augmented synthesis of certain species of RNA may be a specific phenomenon elicited by host-pathogen interaction.
The thermophilic bacteriophage TP84 is dissociated into its head, tail, and released deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phosphate. The phage is more sensitive to EDTA than to phosphate, and dialysis against either agent causes more effective dissociation than standing in their presence. The tail possesses a knobbed structure which is inserted into the head of the intact phage and to which the DNA appears to be attached. The method of dissociating TP84 described in this paper provides a source of undamaged structural components and intact strands of DNA for subsequent investigations. A possible mechanism of chelate inactivation is discussed.
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Antibiotic complex 4205, a basic polypeptide, was isolated from a nonsporulating bacillus. It was separated into two components, A and B, each composed of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, and valine, but in different proportions, namely, 4:1:2:1:1:1 and 5:1:3:1:2:2, respectively. There was also an ether-soluble moiety in each that had the characteristics of a fatty acid. This antibiotic differed chemically from other known antibiotics. Both A and B were effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, cytotoxic for various tissue cell lines, highly toxic for mice by intraperitoneal injection, and toxic for chick embryos by the amniotic and allantoic routes, but not by yolk-sac inoculation. Antibiotic, in amounts sublethal by the allantoic route, inhibited the multiplication of 10 to 100 minimal infective doses of influenza type A, PR8, in embryonated eggs.
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The purpose of this report is to discuss methodologic issues in using Medicaid claims data to conduct epidemiologic analyses in reproductive health. We conducted case-control studies that used Medicaid claims data to evaluate two specific reproductive health questions. Case and control pregnancies were selected from among 106,000 women identified in a Medicaid claims file. Medical record review was conducted for randomly selected cases and controls. Several methodological issues were identified. Women could contribute multiple pregnancies that qualified as either case pregnancies, control pregnancies, or both. The results of the medical record review indicated that 25% of one case group (low-birthweight infants) could not be confirmed, and 70% of the second case group (CNS birth defects) were misclassified. Thirty-five percent of women classified as not having undergone diagnostic ultrasonography based on Medicaid claims data had evidence of having received diagnostic ultrasound during pregnancy on the basis of medical record review. Several problems were encountered with the use of Medicaid billing data to address epidemiologic questions in reproductive health. Although solutions to some of these problems could be identified, others could not be addressed without careful review of the medical records. These limitations may not apply to all state Medicaid databases or other claims data, but they should be carefully considered when planning claims-based analyses of reproductive health issues.
The purpose of this research was to describe the changes in marker expression and histologic morphology following androgen deprivation in malignant and benign human prostates. Fourteen patients receiving pre-radical prostatectomy total androgen deprivation had pre- and post-androgen deprivation evaluation of marker expression and histologic morphology (both malignant and benign). Marker expression was significantly reduced for serum (p < 0.0001) and tissue (p < 0.004) PSA as well as bcl-2 expression (p < 0.008). There were significant histologic increases in vacuolization (p < 0.001), pyknosis (p < 0.04), fibrosis (p < 0.01) and lymphocytic infiltration (p < 0.008) in the malignant tissue. There were significant increases in squamous metaplasia (p < 0.0002), fibrosis (p < 0.0005), basal cell hypertrophy (p < 0.0005) and lymphocytic infiltration (p < 0.0002) in the benign tissue. Androgen deprivation therapy produces significant changes in marker expression and morphology in prostate specimens. At times these iatrogenic changes can be confusing. Clinicians and pathologists must be aware of these changes.
In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study, the efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac dispersible were compared with placebo in the treatment of acute soft-tissue injuries. Patients seen within 48 hours of a soft-tissue injury received either diclofenac dispersible 50 mg or placebo three times daily for 3 to 7 days, with paracetamol allowed as a rescue analgesic. Of a total of 253 recruited patients. 247 patients (122 in the diclofenac dispersible group and 125 in the placebo group) were eligible for tolerability assessment and 229 patients (115 diclofenac dispersible and 114 placebo) were eligible for efficacy analysis. In general, median reductions in the intensities of pain at rest, on movement, and on local pressure (as measured on 100-mm analog chromatic continuous scales) were greater with diclofenac dispersible than with placebo after treatment (differences did not reach statistical significance). At the center that recruited the largest number of patients, the initial median levels of pain at rest and on movement were considerably lower than those at the other centers. On reanalysis of the pain data without this center, a significant difference favoring diclofenac dispersible over placebo was noted for pain on movement and on local pressure (P < or = 0.044). With respect to daily assessment of pain severity, more patients in the diclofenac dispersible group had none or mild pain while fewer had moderate or severe pain during the early posttreatment days; this treatment difference versus placebo reached statistical significance on days 3 and 4 (P < or = 0.045).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical signs and management of 4 foals with persistent frenulum of the epiglottis. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMALS: Four newborn foals. METHODS: Foals were admitted with a complaint of oronasal reflux after nursing. Variable systemic signs of aspiration pneumonia were evident. Nasal endoscopy confirmed persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Persistent frenulum of the epiglottis, confirmed by oral endoscopic examination, was transected. RESULTS: After surgery, all foals had the epiglottis positioned normally, dorsal to the soft palate. Clinical signs of oronasal reflux resolved by the second nursing attempt in 3 foals, whereas this was difficult to assess in one foal that was nursed intermittently because of the mares behavior. This foal died 2 days later. The other 3 foals have had normal epiglottic function for 2-4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent frenulum of the epiglottis should be considered in foals with oronasal reflux from birth. With appropriate medical and surgical management the prognosis for resolution should be good.