Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to M Shaw.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A human skin window technique using micropore membranes.

A skin window technique using micropore membranes is described. Eight micrometre pore-size membranes are placed on abrasions made with a dental stone and covered with moist filter paper and impermeable film: adhesive tape is placed overall. The assembly is unobtrusive and stable and may be worn during normal activities. For clinical studies, a series of membranes used over 4-5 h gives information on distribution of leucocyte emigration sites, numbers and types of emigrant cells, their rate of locomotion in the membrane (solely under the influence of endogenous factors) and any difference in form, surface phenotype or function between cells at the dermal surface and those which have traversed the membrane. This system, using a 3-dimensional labyrinthine structured membrane, avoids errors inherent in previous techniques, e.g., differential adhesiveness, competition for space, no quantification of locomotion after emergence or indication of the productive area of the abrasion. Incidental findings include no major change in the nature of the emigrating population over 24 h, the presence of monocytoid cells from the earliest phase in normal subjects, the origin of emigrating cells in discrete foci, and an even distribution of cells in a fully infiltrated membrane. The skin window technique is capable of greater clinical precision and experimental elaboration than hitherto realised.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of intramuscular ceruletide for shortening small bowel transit time.

A double-blind crossover study in 31 normal volunteers showed that intramuscular injection of ceruletide (0.3 microgram/kg) significantly accelerated small bowel transit of barium when compared to placebo. The only adverse effect was frequent pain at the injection site. There was a significant degradation in the quality of small bowel coating and distension in only 10% of the volunteers. Despite these problems, intramuscular administration of ceruletide may become a useful method for decreasing the prolonged time required for most small bowel examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) adjuvant therapy in stage D prostate cancer.

Forty-two patients with advanced cancer of the prostate were prospectively randomized to receive either bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) adjuvant immunotherapy plus conventional therapy or conventional therapy alone. Conventional therapy consisted of estrogens or observation. There was a statistically significant (P = less than 0.05) longer survival in the 21 BCG-treated patients (thirty-eight weeks) than in the 21 control patients (twenty-eight weeks). There was no mortality and minimal morbidity (pruritus at injection site) from the adjuvant immunotherapy. Interestingly, the quality of life, as measured by the number of infections, was significantly less (P = less than 0.05) in the immunotherapy-treated group.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Changes in two ribonuclease isozymes during rust infection of flax cotyledons.

A ribonuclease fraction previously purified from flax by gel filtration was further resolved into two components by hydroxyl apatite chromatography. These were homogeneous with respect to electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Both enzymes are of RNase I type but differ in substrate specificity, kinetic properties, pH response, and isoelectric point.The two RNase isozymes show consistent properties when extracted from variety Bison (susceptible) or variety Bombay (resistant) with or without infection with race 3 of flax rust. The relative amounts of these isozymes change markedly during infection. These observations provide an explanation for the apparent qualitative changes in RNase noted previously. Differences between susceptible and resistant reactions in the early stages of disease are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Changes in patterns of care of the mentally handicapped: implications for nurses' perceptions of their roles and hospital decision making processes.

This paper reports on the findings of a longitudinal study of a mental subnormality hospital in the North of England. The focus is upon how nurses have experienced a major change in care and treatment of residents from 1978 to 1980. We explore, through the eyes of nurses, the change in their role from a predominantly nurturing/custodial one to a mainly educational/community orientated role. The research findings demonstrate that this change has increased nurses' self-esteem and their satisfaction with important areas of their work. There is some evidence also that nurses/resident relationships have improved in spite of reservations felt about new forms of treatment and community care. We suggest that such reservations may be linked to critical views expressed by nurses, particularly sisters and charge nurses, that decisions were taken about residents by other more senior personnel who had little contact with residents. One important conclusion of this study is that the traditional processes of decision making in the hospital appears to impede the full implementation of a major change which requires nurses to be involved in a potentially threatening process of altering their perceptions of themselves and residents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1981

Diffusion coefficient measurement by the "stop-flow" method in a 5% collagen gel.

We measured the translational bulk diffusion coefficient (D) of solute in a collagen gel column of 5% concentration (wt/wt) by a new, noninvasive method applicable to a wide range of solutes and gels. The system also enabled measurement of solute partition coefficients and convective flow velocity since the gel was contained within a chromatography column. The spread of diffusing solute in the gel column is measured during an interval of stopped flow in this method. Experimentally determined values of D/D degrees (free aqueous diffusion coefficient) ranged from 0.24 (3H2O) to 0.13 (ovalbumin) as anticipated by observations of other investigators from interstitium in heart and mesentery, but were significantly smaller than predicted by the widely used Ogston gel model with parameters extracted from partition coefficient data.

Collagen↗
PubMed1981

Reduced sex hormone binding globulin and derived free testosterone levels in women with severe acne.

Reduced circulating sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were found in 54% of a group of women with moderate to severe acne and in 60% of another group of twenty-three women who had acne complicated by hirsutism and/or irregular menstrual cycles. The concentrations of SHBG for the women with acne alone (mean 48 +/- 24 nmol/l) and for those with acne and hirsutes (mean 39 +/- 18 nmol/l) were compared with the SHBG concentrations of fifteen unaffected women with normal menstrual cycles (mean 70 +/- 19 nmol/l). The differences in mean SHBG values for both groups of women with acne were significant (P less than 0.001) on comparison with the mean for the unaffected women. Twenty-nine per cent of the women with acne had elevated testosterone values (mean testosterone concentration for the group 1.5 +/- 0.3 nmol/l) and 41% had elevated 'derived' free testosterone levels (mean 21 +/- 6 pmol/l). Of the women with acne and hirsutes 65% had elevated plasma testosterone levels (mean 2.1 +/- 0.6 nmol/l) and 89% had elevated free testosterone concentrations (mean 31 +/- 10 pmol/l). The mean values for testosterone and free testosterone in the plasma of unaffected women (mean testosterone concentration 1.1 +/- 0.3 nmol/l and free testosterone 13 +/- 4 pmol/l) were significantly lower than in women with acne alone (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001) and in women with acne and hirsutism (P less than 0.001). This study indicates that a deficiency in SHBG and an elevation in 'derived' free testosterone is a frequent finding in women with severe acne and may be a significant factor in the aetiology and/or perpetuation of this condition.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1981

Nature of double-stranded DNA binding activity in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: formation of low avidity DNA/rheumatoid factor/IgG/low density lipoprotein complexes.

Sera from majority of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, which generally lacked detectable anti-double stranded DNA in Farr, Crithidia luciliae, and microcomplement fixation assays, exhibited high levels of dsDNA binding in the presence of 3.5% polyethylene glycol when using intrinsically labeled 3H-PM2 DNA as antigen. Except for SLE, such increased dsDNA binding was absent in normal and a variety of other disease sera, including those from patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast to the situation in SLE, in which dsDNA binding is mediated by specific anti-DNA antibody, the increased dsDNA binding activity in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis was shown to be dependent upon complex low avidity interactions involving DNA, IgG, IgM rheumatoid factor, and low density lipoproteins. Analysis of the composition of the polyethylene glycol serum precipitates by 2-dimensional gel diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis failed to reveal the presence of additional DNA-binding proteins unique to seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. The only feature distinguishing high DNA binding sera from those with low DNA binding activity was an increased amount of polyethylene glycol-insoluble IgG in the former, presumably reflecting IgG/IgG and/or IgG/IgM complexes. The significance of these unusual DNA/low density lipoprotein/IgG/rheumatoid factor complexes with respect to the diagnostic specificity and pathophysiology of the DNA/anti-DNA system is discussed.

Antibody Affinity↗