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Biomedical subjects

M Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to M Shaw.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Inhibition of influenza viral mRNA synthesis in cells expressing the interferon-induced Mx gene product.

Interferons alpha and beta induce an efficient antiviral state against influenza virus in mouse cells that possess the Mx gene, but not in mouse cells that lack this gene. In Mx-containing cells treated with interferon the amount of viral mRNA synthesized as a result of primary transcription is drastically reduced. Only two viral mRNAs could be detected by Northern analysis and by translating the poly(A)+ RNA from infected cells in wheat germ extracts: a reduced amount of the mRNA for nonstructural protein 1 and an even lower amount of the mRNA for the matrix protein. The other viral mRNAs were not made in detectable amounts. In addition, the rate of viral mRNA synthesis catalyzed by the inoculum transcriptase, measured by in vitro RNA synthesis catalyzed by permeabilized cells, was severely inhibited. In contrast, interferon treatment of cells lacking the Mx gene had little or no effect on either the steady-state level or the rate of synthesis of viral mRNAs made by the inoculum transcriptase. These results indicate that the interferon-induced Mx gene product, a 75,000-molecular-weight protein that accumulates in the nucleus, inhibits influenza viral mRNA synthesis which occurs in the nucleus. No Mx-specific effect acting directly on viral protein synthesis in the cytoplasm was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunotherapy of prostate cancer: a review.

Tumors are antigenic and patients can mount an immune response against their tumors. Prostate cancer patients are sensitized to their malignancies and immunotherapeutic efforts have been successful. As with other tumors, it is unlikely that immunotherapy alone will be curative, but will play a role in combination therapy along with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. But before its rightful place can be delineated, additional clinical and laboratory studies must be completed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Detection and identification of spatial frequency: models and data.

Detection and identification of up to four simple sinusoidal gratings were studied. The experimental results were quantitatively compared to predictions from several models. The models all assumed probabilistically independent channels sensitive to different ranges of spatial frequency. The models differed in the shapes of their underlying distributions and, for detection, their decision rule. Detection and identification of far-apart spatial frequencies were consistent with these models. Thus, uncertainty effects for both detection and identification (the decrease in performance with an increase in the number of possible spatial frequencies) can be explained without assuming that attention capacity is limited.

Attention↗
PubMed1984

Pelvic lymph node dissection in prostate cancer.

The results of pelvic lymph node dissections in 105 prostate cancer patients were analyzed to compare the clinical with the pathologic stages. Twenty-four per cent of patients clinically believed to be node-negative had positive nodal involvement with cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Staging errors in prostatic cancer.

There is some question on the accuracy of staging in large epidemiological studies of prostatic cancer that rely on hospital tumor registry data. In an effort to assess the accuracy of tumor registry information in our institution registry staging was compared to surgical staging in 100 consecutive prostatic cancer patients. The tumor registry data had a 30 per cent understaging error. Other institutions may have the same problems.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Prostate cancer and the multiple primary malignant neoplasm syndrome.

In an attempt to evaluate the relationship of prostate cancer to the multiple primary malignant neoplasm syndrome, 626 prostate cancer cases were reviewed. Patients with one malignant tumor appear to be no more at risk of developing a prostate cancer than individuals who have never had a tumor.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Continuous airway pressure with oxygen minimizes the metabolic lesion of 'pump lung'.

Water distribution and energy status of the lung were measured in ten rabbits at two hours of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with left heart venting and incision of the parietal pleurae. During CPB, half the animals had their airways open to room air at ambient atmospheric pressure (ZEEP), and the remainder had their lungs inflated (CPAP) at a pressure of 5 cms H2O with the oxygen-enriched (70-75 per cent) gas mixture exiting from the disc oxygenator. In both the ZEEP and CPAP groups, there was more than doubling of the pulmonary extravascular sodium-free water (intracellular) space and reciprocal reduction of the pulmonary extravascular sodium (extracellular) space, compared with 12 control animals not undergoing CPB. In the ZEEP group, there was an 18-fold increase in the pulmonary lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio compared with controls, and the pulmonary energy charge (E.C.) was significantly less than in controls (0.74 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.01). In the CPAP group the pulmonary L/P ratio was 2 1/2 times control values and the pulmonary E.C. was virtually identical with that of the control group. These data suggest that CPB results in a shift of fluid from the pulmonary interstitium into the pulmonary intracellular compartment with no net increase in total pulmonary extravascular water. The data also suggest that pulmonary deflation during CPB results in a significant pulmonary energy deficit which can be prevented by keeping the lung inflated with an oxygen-enriched gas mixture during CPB.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Intrathecal IgG synthesis and blood-brain barrier impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and central nervous system dysfunction.

Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 19 patients with SLE and central nervous system dysfunction were studied with respect to cerebrospinal fluid IgG index (a measure of intrathecal IgG synthesis), isoelectric focusing using immunoperoxidase staining techniques to detect oligoclonal IgG, and determination of the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin quotient (Q albumin) as a measure of blood-brain barrier integrity. Twenty-five patients without neurologic disease and 70 patients with a variety of non-SLE neurologic disorders were also studied for comparison. Of most interest was the observation that 42 percent of the patients with SLE had cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG, usually in association with elevation of the cerebrospinal fluid IgG index. In addition, two of the cerebrospinal fluid specimens that exhibited oligoclonal IgG also had increased titers of alpha-interferon. Q albumin was normal (under 9.0) in 12 of 13 patients with SLE, who had seizure, psychosis, or cranial neuropathy as principal central nervous system manifestations (mean +/- SD = 5.3 +/- 2.4), but was significantly elevated (mean +/- SD = 27.4 +/- 18.8, p less than 0.001) in five of six patients with diffuse, major central nervous system injury, for example, encephalopathy with coma, transverse myelopathy, paraparesis. Blood-brain barrier impairment was not correlated either with presence of circulating immune complexes or with other clinical or serologic evidence for extra-central nervous system disease activity. Taken together, the data suggest that, within the limitations of the techniques used, impairment of the blood-brain barrier in SLE may be secondary to the central nervous system lesion, rather than a result of systemic immune complex injury. In addition, substantial evidence is provided for an ongoing humoral immune response within the central nervous system in this disorder, which, in certain patients, may be associated with the production of intrathecal alpha-interferon.

Albumins↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of gleason classification system in prostate cancer.

To compare the relative prognostic accuracy of the Gleason classification, the Whitmore staging, and the Broder grading systems, 111 patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical surgery were assessed utilizing these systems. The assessments were correlated with the presence or absence of disease six months to eight years after surgery. Of the three systems the Gleason classification system was the least accurate.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of cytologic techniques for diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Two hundred forty-eight male patients seen on a urology service were diagnostically screened using four different cytologic tests for cancer of the prostate. The tests included voided urine cytology, prostate massage cytology, aspiration cytology, and postmassage urine cytology. The aspiration cytology was the most efficient screening test for the diagnosis of prostate malignancy.

Aged↗