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Biomedical subjects

M Shahidullah

Publications and source records attributed to M Shahidullah.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Secretin and insulin: response to intraduodenal acid.

Immunoreactive secretin (IRS) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels were measured in humans and dogs following the intraduodenal instillation of hydrochloric acid. IRS levels rose after acid in both instances, but a concomitant rise in peripheral IRI levels was not noted. Premedication of the humans with Scopolamine prevented a rise of IRS in the human subjects. It is concluded that the endovenous release of IRS alone does not result in increased IRI levels in peripheral blood and that IRS release may be under vagal control.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Pharyngeal gonorrhoea in homosexuals.

In a prospective survey of 106 male homosexuals, investigations included smears and cultures of material taken from the tonsillar areas. A diagnosis of gonococcal pharyngitis was made in six cases. This is the largest series so far reported from England. The prevalence of gonorrhoea nd less conventional sexual practices must prompt us to investigate gonococcal infection in sites remote from the ano-genital region.

England↗
PubMed1975

The vagus, the duodenal brake, and gastric emptying.

It has been suggested that an intact vagal supply is essential for the normal function of the recptors in the duodenum and proximal small bowel, which influence the rate of gastric emptying. This paper reports the effect of vagal denervation on gastric emptying and also examines the site and mode of action of receptors in the proximal small bowel. It has been demonstrated in the dog that most, if not all, the receptors controlling gastric emptying lie in the proximal 50 cm of the small bowel. Following truncal vagotomy the emptying time of each instillation increased significantly and the differential rate of emptying of different instillations remained unchanged. The proximal 50 cm of small bowel was capable to differentiating between different instillates even after selective extragastric vagotomy, in which the duodenum was vagally denervated and, therefore, duodenal braking receptors function independently of vagal innervation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Single-dose treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in males with minocycline.

Minocycline in a single 300 mg. oral dose was given to 103 men with uncomplicated gonorrhoea, of whom 85 were followed-up for at least 2 weeks. The cure rate in the 85 followed was 94.1 per cent. There were no side-effects. Thus minocycline could be considered as an effective and safe alternative to penicillin in the single-dose treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in the male, but at the moment it is too expensive for routine use.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin and minocycline for 300 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin and minocycline were measured on 300 consecutive isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from patients attending the Nottingham treatment centre. 210 (70 per cent.) of these were fully sensitive to penicillin (MIC less than 0-1 mug./ml) and 89 per cent. were fully sensitive to minocycline (MIC less than 0-5 mug./ml.). Of the nine strains resistant to penicillin (MIC less than or equal to 0-5 mug./ml.), eight were also of reduced sensitivity to minocycline.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum levels of gentamicin at peak and trough in neonates and infants.

The peak and the trough levels of serum gentamicin were determined in 50 cases of neonates and infants by microbiological assay method. The peak levels in the neonates and the infants were 5.98 +/- 0.48 and 4.63 +/- 0.31 mcg/ml respectively. The trough levels in the corresponding group were 1.06 +/- 0.19 and 0.94 +/- 0.23 mcg/ml. The mean values of the peak and trough levels of the antibiotic were 5.57 and 1.02 mcg/ml respectively. It was observed that there was a significant lower peak concentration in the infants than in the neonates. A significantly higher peak concentration of gentamicin was observed in babies aged under 7 days than in those above 7 days. The route of administration (between I/M and I/V) did not seem to have any effect on the peak and trough levels of the antibiotics.

Gentamicins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iodine deficiency disorders in Bangladesh.

An extensive iodine deficiency disorders survey was conducted in Bangladesh in 1993 to assess the latest iodine nutriture status of the country. The clinical variables of the survey were goitre and cretinism, and the biochemical variable was urinary iodine. The "EPI-30 cluster" sampling methodology was followed for selecting the survey sites. In each survey site, the study population consisted of boys and girls, aged 5-11 years, and men and women, aged 15-44 years, in about equal populations. The total number of survey sites was 78 and the total number of respondents was 30,072. The total number of urine samples was 4512 (15% sub-sample). The current total goitre rate (grade 1 + grade 2) in Bangladesh is 47.1% (hilly, 44.4%; flood-prone, 50.7%; and plains, 45.6%). The prevalence of cretinism in the country is 0.5% (hilly, 0.8%; flood-prone, 0.5%; and plains, 0.3%). Nearly 69% of Bangladeshi population have biochemical iodine deficiency (urinary iodine excretion [UIE] < 10 mg/dl) (hilly, 84.4; flood-prone, 67.1%; and plains 60.4%). Women and children are more affected that men, in terms of both goitre prevalence and UIE. The widespread severe iodine deficiency in all ecological zones indicates that the country as a whole is an iodine-deficient region. Important recommendations of global interest are made from the experience of the survey.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of water use and sanitation behavior of a rural area in Bangladesh.

A health development project was established in a rural area of Bangladesh that entailed training village health promoters to provide health education and to motivate families to install tubewells and sanitary latrines. Following a 2-y period of project implementation, the authors sought to assess knowledge and practice of mothers and family members about use of safe water and household tubewells. A household survey in the project area was compared with a similar one in a nearby control area. Three-hundred households in each area were selected, and mothers were interviewed with a standard questionnaire. Significantly more mothers in the health development project area (45.7%) used tubewell water for domestic purposes than in the control area (32.8%). However, hygienic practices of mothers were inadequate. Sanitary latrines were present in less than 20% of households in both areas. Approximately 97% of mothers and 78% of adult family members always used household latrines. However, the use of household latrines by children was low (26.7%). There was no statistically significant difference in the use of household latrines between the project and control areas. The results showed an improvement in use of household tubewells in the project area; however, there was no improvement in sanitation practices of families in the project area. Health education alone, without improvement of socioeconomic status, is not effective in changing behavior.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent self reported reproductive morbidity and health care seeking behaviour.

BACKGROUND: Addressing reproductive health issues of women is now on the global social agenda in the new millennium. Maternal mortality has long been the only indicator of women's health even though reproductive morbidity occurs far more frequently and seriously affects women's lives. In this paper, an attempt was made to assess the magnitude of self reported gynaecological morbidity unrelated to childbearing among the adolescents irrespective of their marital status. The paper also explored the determinants of health care seeking behaviour of the adolescents for their reproductive ailments. METHODS: Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected for this study. Cross sectional study was conducted both in rural and urban areas using a multistage cluster sampling technique. A nationally representative data on 2883 adolescents irrespective of their marital status were analysed. RESULTS: Analysis revealed that a large proportion of the adolescents (64.5%) reportedly has been suffering from gynaecological morbidity. The most frequent form of morbidity was menstrual disorders (63.9%) followed by lower abdominal pain (58.6%), burning sensation during urination (46.1%), genital itching (15.5%), vaginal discharge (3.4%) etc. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older adolescents aged 15-19 years, family income, type of family, type of residence and hygienic practice during menstruation appeared to be influencing factors for adolescents reproductive morbidity. The results also revealed that about one fifth (18.0%) sought health care for their gynaecological ailments indicating that adolescents were unaware about their reproductive morbidity (p<0.05). For assessing the factors influencing their health care seeking for reproductive morbidity, multivariate logistic regression analysis found significant positive association with adolescents aged 15-19 years, having autonomy in treatment, working status, adolescents of joint or extended family (p<0.05). DISCUSSION: Adolescent reproductive health in Bangladesh indicates high incidence of maternal morbidity. The incidence of these health problems varied by socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the adolescents. Recommendations to address these problems include encouragement of female education, introduction of family life education in school curricula, creating community awareness for seeking health care and empowerment of women in household decision making process.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sisterhood method of estimating maternal mortality: the Matlab experience.

This study reports the results of a test of validation of the sisterhood method of measuring the level of maternal mortality using data from a Demographic Surveillance System (DSS) operating since 1966 in Matlab, Bangladesh. The records of maternal deaths that occurred during 1976-90 in the Matlab DSS area were used. One of the deceased woman's surviving brothers or sisters, aged 15 or older and born to the same mother, was asked if the deceased sister had died of maternity-related causes. Of the 384 maternal deaths for which siblings were interviewed, 305 deaths were correctly reported, 16 deaths were underreported, and the remaining 63 were misreported as nonmaternal deaths. Information on maternity-related deaths obtained in a sisterhood survey conducted in the Matlab DSS area was compared with the information recorded in the DSS. Results suggest that in places similar to Matlab, the sisterhood method can be used to provide an indication of the level of maternal mortality if no other data exist, though the method will produce negative bias in maternal mortality estimates.

Adolescent↗